Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-10-13
Abstract： Patching one eye of an adult human for a few hours has been found to promote the dominance of the patched eye, which is called short-term monocular deprivation effect. Interestingly, recent work has reported that prolonged eye-specific attention can also cause a shift of ocular dominance towards the unattended eye though visual inputs during adaptation are balanced across the eyes. Considering that patching blocks all input information from one eye, attention is undoubtedly deployed to the opposite eye. Therefore, the short-term monocular deprivation effect might to some extent be contributed by the eye-specific attentional modulation, which remains largely unknown. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether attention can modulate the short-term monocular deprivation effect in adults.
Twenty adult participants took part in the present study. We asked participants to perform an attentive tracking task throughout the monocular patching. During the tracking, the primary stimuli consisted of two types of chromatic gratings, red-green gratings (R-G) and yellow-blue (Y-B) gratings, one of which was defined as the target gratings (attended stimuli) and the other as the distractor gratings (unattended stimuli). Target gratings and distractor gratings were distinct from each other in fundamental visual features such as color, shape, and spatial frequency. We instructed participants to continuously attend to and track the movement of the target grating in the attentive tracking task. Before and after one hour of monocular patching, we measured participants’ ocular dominance using a binocular rivalry task in which both target gratings and distractor gratings served as testing stimuli.
In case there lacks of comparability in binocular rivalry performance measured with different types of testing stimuli, we focused on the comparison of the monocular deprivation effect for the same testing stimuli between different attention conditions. Our results generally support the notion of attentional modulation on the monocular deprivation effect. To be specific, we observed a larger shift of ocular dominance towards the deprived eye when the binocular rivalry testing gratings shared features with the target gratings during the tracking compared to when they shared features with the distractor gratings. For testing with Y-B gratings, there was a significantly greater monocular deprivation effect when Y-B gratings were attended during the patching compared to when R-G gratings were attended. For testing with R-G gratings, we detected a similar trend, though it did not reach statistical significance.
In conclusion, the present study provides some preliminary evidence supporting the modulatory role of attention in the effect of typical monocular deprivation. Our work suggests that short-term ocular dominance plasticity is not solely determined by imbalanced visual feedforward inputs, but also affected by top-down attentional feedbacks, discovering potential interplays between higher-level cognitive functions and lower-level visual processing in this phenomenon. Because monocular deprivation has recently been used to treat amblyopia, our finding of attentional modulation on this effect may provide useful clues on how to optimize such treatment in future work.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》
Abstract： The fluorescent films were produced by phosphors and silicones for LED packaging modules. Then the high-power white LEDs were fabricated based on these films and 455 nm Ga(In)N chip modules. The fluorescent films and the fabricated LEDs are characterized by absorption, fluorescent and electroluminescent spectra in details. It follows that the prepared films are smooth and uniform with high quality; the absorption peaks of the films based Y3Al5O12:Ce3 + (YAG) phosphors are around 337 nm and 450 nm, respectively, corresponding to the f-d transition of Ce3+ in YAG phosphors; the fluorescent films with thickness of 1.00 mm are suitable for 2.8 W LED modules; the luminous efficiency of the fabricated LEDs can reach 76 lm/W. The influence of the ratio of red phosphors to yellow phosphors on the white LEDs was also examined in order to prepare the white LED with high color rendering index. Then white LEDs with the correlated color temperature Tc of 4460K, and the color rendering index of 91.7 was also obtained.
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