Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2019-08-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：为提高内蒙古平原灌区作物种植结构遥感监测精度和效率，提出一种基于时序NDVI曲线的作物种植结构提取方法。以内蒙古土默特右旗平原区为研究区域，以2015年覆盖作物生育期的多时相Landsat影像为数据源，根据不同地物其NDVI值范围不同，将研究区地表分为植被覆盖地表，无植被覆盖地表和水体3类。在植被覆盖区域内，根据林地和荒草地时序NDVI曲线特征，提取林地和荒草地，其余区域即为农田。根据小麦、玉米、葵花和西葫芦的时间序列NDVI曲线特征差异构建分类决策树模型，在农田区域内提取上述作物的空间种植分布信息。研究区各类地物及作物遥感提取面积与实际统计面积接近，土地利用分类总体精度达到85.71%，作物分类总体精度达到82.69%。研究结果表明该方法提取作物种植信息的精度较高，能够实现区域作物种植信息的高效准确监测。
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2017-11-29 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract： To achieve the optimum tillage depth of 22cm and soil bulk density of 1.1~1.3 g譪m-3 of topsoil layer for maize production, and solve the farmland soil structure issue of shallow topsoil layer (16cm), hard (bulk density 1.55~1.62 g譪m-3) and thick (45 cm) plow pan in Inner Mongolia Plain irrigation. The study was conducted on the four-year location experiment of deep tillage maize straw manure after harvest, the annual average maize straw returned to soil was 20�34.79 kg議m-2 and four experiment treatments (SF1-SF4) of deep tillage maize straw manure from one to four years and a control group (CK) of non-deepening straw were formed year by year. Result 1, it showed that in 0-40 cm layer soil, the average value of bulk density (SF1-SF4) was significantly reduced by 11.38%, 12.28%, 15.30% and 15.50% compared with CK, and the average value of soil compaction (SF1-SF4) was significantly decreased by 1�36 kPa, 1�63 kPa, 1�36 kPa and 1�55 kPa compared with CK. Result 2, it showed that in 0-20 cm layer, SF4 of more than 0.25mm aggregate content and geometric mean diameter was significantly reduced by 13.79% and 27.21% compared with CK; SF3 and SF4 of the mean weight diameter of aggregates was reduced by 8.25% and 19.59% compared with CK; SF1 of the damage rate of soil aggregates was significantly decreased by 9.56% compared with CK; SF1 of the sabotage water-stable aggregates was reduced by 9.56% compared with CK, SF4 of the fractal dimension of aggregates was significantly increased by 7.30% compared with CK. Result 3, it showed that in 20~40 cm layer, SF1 and SF2 of more than 0.25 mm aggregate content was significantly increased by 13.69% and 17.83% compared with CK; SF2 of the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of aggregates was significantly increased by 23.92% and 53.38% compared with CK; SF1~SF4 of the damage rate of soil aggregates was significantly decreased by 9.20%, 3.02%, 8.38% and 3.16% compared with CK; SF1-SF4 of the sabotage water-stable aggregates was significantly increased by 13.58%, 16.49%, 22.67% and 25.42% compared with CK, SF2 of the fractal dimension of aggregates was significantly decreased by 7.39% compared with CK. Result 4, it showed that SF1~SF4 of the soil organic matter was significantly increased by 16.32%, 24.78%, 25.07% and 25.56% compared with CK; SF1-SF4 of the available nitrogen was significantly increased by 16.86%, 14.46%, 17.20% and 21.95% compared with CK; SF1~SF4 of the available phosphorus was significantly increased by 6.8%, 12.07%, 17.85% and 23.30% compared with CK; SF1~SF4 of the available potassium was significantly increased by 17.59%, 16.34%, 20.49% and 29.85% compared with CK; SF3 and SF4 of the soil pH was significantly decreased by 1.95% and 1.73%. There was a significant effect of deep tillage maize straw manure from one to four years on the soil structure of 0-40 cm soil layer. 2-year deep tillage maize straw manure was most suitable for improving the structure of soil plow pan; 3-year and 4-year deep tillage maize straw manure were most suitable for improving the structure of topsoil layer. In the application of deep tillage maize straw manure, it should be noted that the depth of plowing was 40cm, which should be reduced by 30 cm two years later. The reason was that the damage rate of soil aggregates of plow pan and the sabotage water-stable aggregatess were increased by the continuous 40cm deepening and the damage of soil plow pan structure was aggravated; the depth of plowing was reduced by 20cm, which maintained deep tillage maize straw manure on topsoil layer, the decomposition of straw and soil organic matter were increased, the damage rate of soil aggregates was decreased, and the sabotage water-stable aggregatess was decreased, which was conducive to cultivating topsoil layer.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2017-11-07 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract：采用科学方法对内蒙古玉米产量差与生产潜力进行定量化研究, 对合理规划内蒙古玉米增产途径及产业发展具有重要意义。本研究采用品种×密度联网试验和Hybrid-Maize 模型模拟相结合的方法, 利用2006 年以来内蒙古各生态区历年高产攻关田的最高实测产量和各区域农户平均产量, 对内蒙古全区和6 大生态类型区的玉米产量差和生产潜力进行了系统分析。结果表明, 各生态区的模拟产量、高产纪录、试验产量、农户产量皆表现为从东到西逐步提高。内蒙古玉米模拟产量潜力为14.9 thm2, 高产纪录产量为14.4 thm2, 试验产量为11.1 thm2, 农户产量分别实现了模拟产量潜力的49%、高产纪录产量的51%和试验产量的66%。基于模型模拟的产量差(YGM)、基于高产纪录的产量差(YGR)和基于试验产量的产量差(YGE)分别为7.5 thm2、7.0 thm2 和3.8 thm2。基于YGE 的短期生产潜力达3 525.2 万t, 是当前总产水平的1.6 倍, 短期增产潜力为1 191.9 万t。其中, 内蒙古东部的呼伦贝尔、兴安盟、通辽、赤峰4 盟市对全区的增产贡献率将达61%, 西部的呼和浩特市、巴彦淖尔市为16%。造成较大YGE 主要原因是栽培管理措施不当, 缩小YGE 需要针对限制各生态区玉米增产的实际问题, 通过栽培技术综合改良、技术简化和技术入户来逐步实现。
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