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  • 比较研究固态发酵菜籽粕和菜籽粕对生长肉兔的营养价值

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-11-07 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本研究旨在通过消化试验比较固态发酵菜籽粕(SFRSM)与菜籽粕(RSM)在生长肉兔上的营养价值,为家兔饲料原料数据库提供基础数据。在测定SFRSM和RSM化学成分的基础上,将36只42日龄、遗传背景相同的健康法国伊拉商品兔按体重相近原则随机分为3组(12只/组),饲养于粪尿可分开的代谢笼中,每笼1只,分别饲喂1种基础饲粮和2种试验饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15% SFRSM或RSM),进行体内消化试验。试验期11 d(预试期7 d,收集期4 d)。结果显示:1)与RSM比,SFRSM的粗纤维(CF)、无氮浸出物(NFE)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和异硫氰酸酯(ITC)含量显著降低(P0.05);各氨基酸全肠表观消化率不同程度提高,其中Asp、半胱氨酸(Cys)、甘氨酸(Gly)、Ile、酪氨酸(Tyr)和缬氨酸(Val)全肠表观消化率达显著或极显著水平(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结果表明,总体而言,SFRSM对生长肉兔的营养价值高于RSM。

  • 茶多酚对育肥猪生长性能、抗氧化能力、胴体品质和肉品质的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在研究茶多酚对育肥猪生长性能、抗氧化能力、胴体品质和肉品质的影响,探讨其在肥育猪上的应用效果。采用单因子试验设计,试验选择60头(74.19±7.41) kg的育肥猪随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复5头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,茶多酚组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg茶多酚的试验饲粮。试验期为6周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,茶多酚组显著提高育肥猪的净增重和平均日增重(P0.05)。茶多酚组育肥猪屠宰后24 h pH、45 min亮度(L*)值与对照组相比分别提高了1.65%(P=0.09)和3.74%(P=0.10),而24 h L*值却比对照组降低了4.26%(P=0.10)。综上,在本试验条件下,育肥猪饲粮中添加400 mg/kg的茶多酚显著改善了育肥猪的平均日增重和净增重,降低了血清中GSH-Px活性,提高了肝脏中GSH-Px活性和T-AOC,但对育肥猪的胴体和肉品质无显著的影响。

  • 营养性复合添加剂饲喂模式对生长猪免疫功能和猪瘟抗体效价的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在研究营养性复合添加剂饲喂模式对生长猪免疫功能和猪瘟抗体效价的影响。选用体重(40.5±2.3) kg的健康“杜×长×大”生长猪24头,按体重相近、性别一致原则随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验第7天接种猪瘟疫苗,疫苗接种前7 d为试验前期,疫苗接种后28 d为试验后期,试验期共35 d。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在试验前期、后期和全期在基础饲粮中添加0.1%营养性复合添加剂。结果表明:与对照组相比,全期饲喂营养性复合添加剂显著提高试验第21天生长猪血清猪瘟抗体滴度(P<0.05);全期组试验第28天生长猪血清猪瘟抗体水平显著高于对照组和前期组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,后期组和全期组显著降低了试验第21天生长猪全血CD3+数量(P<0.05);全期组试验第35天全血CD3+数量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,全期组显著提高了试验第21天和第35天生长猪血清免疫球蛋白含量(P<0.05);前期组或全期组显著提高了生长猪血清超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),而全期组显著降低了血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,营养性复合添加剂的不同饲喂模式对生长猪猪瘟抗体水平、免疫球蛋白含量和机体抗氧化能力的影响有差异,其中全期饲喂效果最佳。

  • 饲粮添加苹果果胶寡糖对育肥后期猪胴体性状、肉品质和结肠主要菌群的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本研究旨在探讨饲料添加苹果果胶寡糖(APOS)对育肥后期猪胴体性状、肉品质和结肠主要菌群的影响。试验选取36头平均体重约为80 kg健康“杜×长×大”去势公猪,按照体重相近的原则随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复2头猪。各处理分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、200和400 mg/kg APOS的饲粮,试验期为28 d。结果表明,饲粮添加APOS未显著影响育肥猪生长性能(P>0.05);饲粮添加APOS不同程度地提高了育肥猪的眼肌面积(P<0.05)和肌内脂肪含量(P=0.07),不同程度地降低了育肥猪的肌肉滴水损失(P=0.06)和蒸煮损失(P<0.05);另外,饲粮添加APOS还提高了育肥猪结肠食糜中总菌的数量(P=0.07),且显著提高了结肠食糜中挥发性脂肪酸的含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,在饲粮中添加200或400 mg/kg APOS对育肥猪生长性能无影响,但可在不同程度上改善育肥猪胴体性状和肉品质,并调节了结肠主要菌群和挥发性脂肪酸产生。

  • 白藜芦醇对畜禽骨骼肌纤维类型转化的影响及其机理

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:白藜芦醇是自然界中广泛存在于葡萄、花生等植物中的一类多酚类化合物,具有广泛的生物学活性,如抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、保护心血管等。近年来,白藜芦醇在骨骼肌纤维类型转化上的功能研究也得到越来越多的关注。研究表明,白藜芦醇能诱导酵解型肌纤维向氧化型肌纤维的转化,从而达到改善禽畜肉质的目的。本文将综合最新研究报道,总结白藜芦醇对骨骼肌纤维类型转化的影响及其可能的作用机理,为其在畜牧生产上的应用提供理论基础。

  • 多营养源饲粮对生长育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract: The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of multi-nutrient source diet on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, exploring the possibility of using unconventional raw materials to make feed. A total of 48 healthy Duroc譒andrace譟orkshire growing pigs with an initial average body weight of (41.06�.43) kg were randomly allocated to 2 groups with 12 replicates each and 2 pigs in each replicate. Pigs in the control group were fed a corn-soybean basal diet, and in the experimental group were fed a multi-nutrient source diet. The growing stage was last for 42 days, and five pigs were chosen in each group to slaughter for measuring meat quality when the body weight reached about 120 kg during finishing stage. The result showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the average daily feed intake of pigs in the experimental group was decreased by 7.76% (P>0.05), and there were no significant differences on average daily gain, the ratio of feed to gain and energy intake between two groups (P>0.05); 2) compared with the control group, apparent nutrient digestibility of calcium, phosphorus, energy, crude protein, ash and dry matter in the experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in ether extract apparent nutrient digestibility (P>0.05); 3) compared with the control group, the serum alanine transaminase activity was significantly increased by the multi-nutrient source diet (P<0.05), but the other serum biochemical indices were not significantly affected (P>0.05); 4) compared with the control group, the multi-nutrient source diet had no significant effects on the meat quality and contents of fat and protein in longissimus doris of pigs (P>0.05). In summary, under the condition of this test, feeding the multi-nutrient source diet prepared by unconventional raw materials decreases the apparent nutrient digestibility, but has no side effects on the growth performance and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs.