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  • Revisiting the genetic diversity and population structure of the endangered Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) breeding populations in the Xisha (Paracel) Islands, South China Sea

    分类: 生物学 >> 遗传学 提交时间: 2022-12-22

    摘要: The Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) is an umbrella species in the South China Sea, a Chinese national first-level protected wild animal, and the only sea turtle that nests in Chinese waters.The largest C. mydasnesting ground is distributed in the Xisha(Paracel) Islands, which plays a vital role in the survival of sea turtle populations in China. This study reveals the genetic diversityand population structure of the breeding population of C. mydason the Xisha Islandsusing three mitochondrial markers.A total of 15D-loop, 5 Cytochrome b (Cytb), and 7 Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI)haplotypes were identified in the breeding population of C. mydason theXisha Islands.D-loop haplotypes are distributed in clades III,IV,and VIIIof theC. mydasmitochondrialcontrol region.Clade IV is first clade to bediscoveredin this C. mydaspopulation, and five D-loop haplotypes were alsonewly identified. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity were calculated for each marker: D-loop (0.415 haplotype diversity, 0.00204 nucleotide diversity), Cyt b(0.140, 0.00038) and COI (0.308, 0.00083). The average genetic distance (p) of each molecular markerwas less than0.01. Neutral detection and nucleotide mismatch analysis suggested that the breeding population of C. mydasin the Xisha Islandsdid not experience a population expansion event in recent history.It is recommended that a sea turtle protection area be established in the Xisha Islandsarea to strengthen protection and effectively protect the uniqueness and sustainability of the breeding population of C. mydasin the South China Sea.绿海龟是中国南海的伞护种,国家一级保护野生动物,也是唯一在我国海域筑巢的海龟。西沙群岛分布有中国最大的绿海龟产卵场,对我国海龟种群的生存起着至关重要的作用。本研究利用3个线粒体基因标记揭示了西沙群岛绿海龟繁殖种群的遗传多样性和种群结构。在西沙群岛绿海龟繁殖种群共鉴定出15个D-loop单倍型、5个Cytb单倍型和7个COI单倍型;D-loop单倍型分布在进化支Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅷ,其中进化支Ⅳ首次在西沙群岛绿海龟繁殖种群中发现,且最新发现了5个D-loop单倍型。计算每个标记的单倍型和核苷酸多样性: D-loop(单倍型多样性为0.415,核苷酸多样性为0.00204)、Cyt b(0.140, 0.00038)和COI(0.308, 0.00083)。各分子标记的平均遗传距离(p)均≦0.01。中性检测和核苷酸错配分析显示,西沙群岛绿海龟繁殖种群在近期历史上未经历种群扩张事件。建议在西沙群岛地区建立海龟保护区加强保护,以有效保护中国南海地区绿海龟繁殖种群的特殊性和可持续性。

  • 豆油部分或全部替代饲料中鱼油对中华条颈龟肠道形态及菌群结构的影响

    分类: 生物学 >> 动物学 提交时间: 2017-10-23 合作期刊: 《动物营养学报》

    摘要: 本试验通过组织切片及16S rRNA V3~V4区测序研究豆油部分或全部替代饲料中鱼油对中华条颈龟(Mauremys sinensis)肠道形态及菌群结构的影响。选取中华条颈龟雌龟[4龄,平均体重(1 557±307)g]24只,随机分为4组,每组6只。Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂含1%鱼油的配合饲料(全鱼油饲料,豆油与鱼油的比例为0:3),3个试验组分别饲喂用豆油替代全鱼油饲料中33%(Ⅱ组,豆油与鱼油的比例为1:2)、67%(Ⅲ组,豆油与鱼油的比例为2:1)和100%(Ⅳ组,豆油与鱼油的比例为3:0)鱼油的饲料。每周喂食2次,试验期为10个月。结果表明:1)Ⅰ和Ⅲ组十二指肠绒毛长/隐窝深度(VH/CD)显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。2)根据序列相似性97%水平划分,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组OTU总数分别为396、321、347和331个,特有OTU个数分别为43、3、4和5个,分别被鉴定出139、117、128、120个属。十二肠道优势菌门主要包含拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁杆菌门(Firmicutes)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)4个门。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组梭杆菌门和变形菌门所占比例增加,拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门所占比例下降,Ⅲ组厚壁杆菌门和拟杆菌门所占比例与Ⅰ组差距最小。细菌Ace指数和香农指数表现为Ⅰ组最高,其次是Ⅲ和Ⅳ组,Ⅱ组最小;细菌辛普森指数表现为Ⅱ组最大,其次是Ⅲ和Ⅳ组,Ⅰ组最小。由此得出,饲喂用豆油替代67%鱼油的饲料的中华条颈龟的肠道细胞发育成熟度以及菌群结构与饲喂全鱼油饲料的中华条颈龟相近。