Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2019-08-26
Abstract： Depression, a complex and heterogeneous mental disorder, leads to great global burdens of disease. Although diagnosis based on nosology is broadly used in several domains, it is still unable to direct the exploration of pathological mechanism of depression. In addition, several treatments developed by this diagnosis have poor outcomes due to its low prediction validity. Computational approaches to psychiatry remedy those limitations and help to improve understanding, prediction and treatment for depression by two complementary approaches: data-driven and theory-driven. Theory-driven approaches apply models to multiple levels of analysis from the prior knowledge or hypothesis of depression. Data-driven approaches, however, adopt machine-learning methods to analyze high-dimensional data to improve the diagnostic and predictive accuracies of depression, and eventually, promote the treatment effects. With the development and combination of these two approaches as well as the integration of resources, it is promising to cure depression and prevent it from occurrence.
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2019-05-17 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： 暴力再犯危险性评估是当今再犯危险性评估工作中的重点， 其中，攻击性是服刑人员暴力再犯行为稳定的个体因素。对攻击性进行研究， 有助于预防和降低服刑人员在假释或出狱后的暴力再犯行为风险， 关系社会的长治久安。 研究表明，遭受儿童期逆境和携带易感基 因（如 MAOA-uVNTR 低活性等位基因）是导致攻击行为的重要因素。 但在现有的研究中，儿童期逆境的计分方式局限于简单的线性加总，或所依据的统计模型忽略逆境各维度之间的 交互作用和非线性关系；在服刑人员攻击性的评估中未考虑攻击性的亚类， 而且多使用自报告的量表测评， 这些问题制约了评估的有效预测力。 本研究拟通过建立潜在类别模型，分析男性服刑人员和普通成年人群在儿童期逆境上的亚类； 以实验与问卷测量结果、司法行为记录作为攻击性指标，揭示儿童期逆境如何影响个体的主动性攻击、反应性攻击及暴力犯罪行为，重点探讨儿童期逆境潜在类别对主动性攻击和反应性攻击的影响，以及 MAOA-uVNTR、COMT Val158Met、 5-HTTLPR 基因多态性在其中的调节作用。 研究结果有助于找出高攻击性个体的生物遗传指标，从而发现受儿童期逆境经历影响的易感人群，为暴力行为的风险预测以及针对暴力攻击行为的行为矫正和相关药物设计提供理论和实证参考，提高相关工作的效率。
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