Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： On the basis of eliminating absolute poverty and resolving overall regional poverty, it is urgent to consolidate the achievement of poverty alleviation and promote the effective connection of comprehensive poverty alleviation and the strategy of rural vitalization after targeted poverty alleviation. Taking the ecological governance and scientific poverty alleviation in southwest karst region as an example, we firstly systematically reviewed the rocky desertification treatment and its effectiveness and benefits. Then we revealed the scientific poverty alleviation systems proposed by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) with the combination and integration of ecological governance and poverty relief and regional development. These effective poverty alleviation methods include environmental migration, poor population relocation, ecological derivative industry cultivation, and ecosystem services enhancement. We also analyzed and discussed of the principal problems of current practices of ecological governance and poverty alleviation. To realize the integration of scientific poverty alleviation and ecosystem services enhancement, we suggest to explore available realization pathways, that is, we should pay more attention to coordinate the integrated regional governance and systematic restoration at regional scale, propose forest landscape restoration, develop sustainable ecological derivative industry, balance ecological restoration and local community development, and establish policies for the regionalization of important ecological function areas. The proposed realization pathways could promote the hematopoietic function of regional development and will also enhance the effectiveness and benefits of poverty alleviation and the implementation of the strategy of rural vitalization.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2017-11-29 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract： Based on a long-term experiment on maize-soybean relay intercropping system in Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the effects of straw in place of chemical potassium on the yield of spring maize and soil potassium balance were investigated, aiming to provide scientific basis for the rational use of straw and fertilizer in karst peak-cluster depression. The experiment was started in 2006, and the data were collected during 2010-2014. Four treatments with four repetitions were discussed in this study, including CK (no fertilizer), NPK (chemical fertilizer), C7S3 (in which 30% K from the straw and 70% K from the chemical fertilizer.), C4S6 (60% K from the straw and 30% from the chemical fertilizer). The results showed that: ⑴ the annual yields of spring maize in fertilization treatments during the 5 years were 4.12 ~ 4.17 times than that in no fertilizer treatment. The corn yields in C7S3 and C4S6 were 98.3% and 98.7% of that in NPK, respectively. The yields of grain and straw increased with time on. ⑵ compared with CK, fertilization application could significantly increase the K amount in maize straw with 2.21 ~ 2.53 times than that in CK. And fertilization application could significantly increase N, P and K absorption amounts in maize grain (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference among fertilizer treatments (P > 0.05). ⑶ there were no significant differences for recovery efficiency, absorption efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity for potassium during the NPK, C7S3 and C4S6 treatments. ⑷ the annual surplus amount of potassium in NPK was 3.00 kg∙hm-2, which was higher than that in C7S3 (with minus 1.90 kg∙hm-2). The most annual surplus amount of potassium appeared in C4S6, with 8.22 kg∙hm-2, and the Surplus of potassium was 7.4%. ⑸ Compared to the beginning of the experiment(2006), soil rapidly available potassium declined by 15.9% in 2014; The fertilization application significantly increased the amount of rapidly available potassium (P < 0.01). The orders of annual amount of rapidly available potassium during 2010 ~ 2014 in fertilizer treatments were that: NPK > C7S3 > C4S6, with no difference in treatments (P > 0.05).⑹ after eight years of cultivation, soil slowly available potassium declined by 10.9% in CK, slightly declined in C4S6 with no more than 5%, slightly increased in NPK by 1.3%, and increased in C7S3 by 22.4%. Overall, the application of straw returning to replace some potassium fertilizer was suitable for the soil in karst peak-cluster depression, as it could not only maintain the yield of spring maize, but also sustain potassium dynamic balance. And 60% of the straw potassium substitution could be more suitable for sustaining potassium balance, while 30% of the straw potassium substitution could be more beneficial to improve soil slowly available potassium.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2017-11-10 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract：参考作物蒸散量(ET0)是确定植被生态系统需水量的关键因子, 其时空分布特征及主要影响因素分析对于制定植被恢复策略与区域水资源配置方案具有重要意义。本文基于FAO-56 Penman-Monteith 公式和广西地区25 个气象站点1960—2010 年的逐日资料, 计算了各站点的ET0, 在此基础上采用GIS 的克里金插值、Spearman 秩次相关法和通径分析方法分析了广西喀斯特与非喀斯特地区ET0 的时空变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明, 51 年来广西各站点多年平均ET0 为1 138 mma1; 空间分布呈由南向北、由低纬度向高纬度递减的特征, 高值区主要分布在非喀斯特地区, 低值区主要分布在喀斯特地区。喀斯特与非喀斯特地区年ET0 累积距平曲线均呈“N”型分布; 20 世纪70 年代最高, 90 年代最低, 21 世纪以来年ET0有所回升, 但仍低于51 年平均值。此外, 喀斯特地区ET0 年际变化小于非喀斯特地区。日照时数、风速和平均温度是影响非喀斯特地区年ET0变化的主要气象因子, 而相对湿度则通过与其他气象因子的相互作用间接对喀斯特地区年ET0 的变化产生较大影响。在季节尺度上, 日照时数和平均气温在各季节都是ET0 最主要的影响因子, 与ET0 呈正相关关系; 风速在喀斯特地区冬、春两季对ET0 的间接作用系数为负, 在非喀斯特地区并未发现这一现象。了解不同地区ET0 的变化趋势是植被生态需水定额计算的必要措施。
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2017-11-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract：基于自2006 年在广西喀斯特峰丛洼地区开展的长期玉米/大豆套作定位施肥试验, 选择2010—2014 年监测数据, 探讨等氮量投入条件下, 不同比例有机肥替代无机氮肥对喀斯特峰丛洼地玉米/大豆套作系统作物产量及土壤养分的影响, 为喀斯特峰丛洼地农田作物高效施肥及提高土壤肥力提供理论依据。试验选取4 个处理:对照(不施肥, CK)、平衡施用化肥(NPK)、有机粪肥替代30%化肥氮(C7M3, 按氮素计算, 不z30%的PK 用无机肥补充, 肥料总量与NPK 处理相同, 有机粪肥为牛粪, 下同)、有机粪肥替代60%化肥氮(C4M6, 按氮素计算, 不足60%的PK 用无机肥补充), 每个处理4 次重复。于2010 年、2012 年、2014 年大豆收获后采集土壤样品, 测定土壤养分状况。结果表明: 1)施肥处理土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷及速效钾含量均高于CK 处理, 其中C4M6 处理有机质含量显著高于NPK 处理(PNPK>C7M3, 但施肥处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)长期不施肥CK 处理玉米产量随着试验年限推移呈下降趋势, 降幅为5.45 g·m2·a1, 大豆产量却表现出增加趋势, 增幅为1.50 g·m2·a1。长期施肥处理中, 玉米和大豆产量总体呈增加趋势。4)施肥处理中, 玉米季表现为钾素亏缺(NPK 处理除外), 大豆季表现为氮素亏缺。综合两季作物, 只有C4M6 钾素表现亏缺, 亏缺量为7.9 kg·hm2。磷素在各施肥处理中盈余量较大, 分别为81.2 kg·hm2(NPK)、83.4 kg·hm2 (C7M3)和74.8 kg·hm2 (C4M6)。综上, 在喀斯特峰丛洼地玉米/大豆套作制度下, 基于作物产量及土壤养分表观平衡特征提出有机粪肥可以代替部分化肥施用, 在玉米季适当“减氮、稳磷和增钾”, 大豆季“稳氮、减磷和减钾”的施肥措施。
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