Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Human societies are unique in terms of large-scale social cooperation and trust between unrelated people (generalized trust). As an important social signaling mechanism, generalized trust reduces transaction costs, facilitates cooperative behavior, and promotes human society’s prosperity. The question of why and when people trust each other has important implications for human social interaction and economic decision-making. Previous fMRI research utilizing the Trust Game has revealed brain regions involved in the decision to trust, including medial prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, amygdala, insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. However, the extant research has failed to clearly reveal neurophysiological mechanisms of the investor’s decision-making in the Trust Game. To investigate the time course and neural oscillation courses of trust decision-making, we recorded the electroencephalographic (EEG) data of 21 healthy human participants while they played the role of trustor in the one-shot Trust Game; in this game, participants made decisions to trust or distrust the counterpart. In addition to behavioral data analysis and event-related potential (ERP) analysis, we also conducted spectral analysis to examine the neural oscillations underlying the trust game responses. Behavioral results indicated that participants made trusting decisions more than chance. Electrophysiological results suggested that distrusting choices induced a more negative N2 and a less positive P3 than did trusting choices. Spectral analysis results showed that the beta-band (18~28 Hz, 250~350 ms) power for distrusting choices was significantly larger than trusting choices; this may suggest greater inhibitory control exerted to distrust. Moreover, trusting choice after a negative outcome elicited a significant higher beta-band (15~20 Hz, 150~300 ms) power than did trusting choice after a positive outcome, while the beta-band power for distrusting choice after a negative outcome was similar compared to distrusting choice after a positive outcome. Our study provided some new insights into the psychophysiological processes underlying human’s decisions to trust strangers. Specifically, when making a decision to trust or distrust the counterpart, the distrusting choice induced a larger N2 than did the trusting choice, which may reflect greater cognitive control to inhibit trusting behavior. On the other hand, a more positive going P3 for the trusting choice than the distrusting choice may suggest that increased attention and motivation are associated with the trusting behavior. Moreover, the increased beta power across frontal areas for distrusting choices might reflect frontal inhibitory processes. These findings highlight the ingrained norm of cooperation and trust in modern societies, and provide preliminary spatio-temporal and spectral results understanding human’s decision-making in the one-shot Trust Game.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》
Abstract： Service safety of turbine blades in aircraft enγines are threatened by microstructural and property deγradation instantly caused by overheatinγ durinγ service. Systematic investiγations about microstructural deγradation durinγ overheatinγ exposures and its influence on mechanical properties of turbine blades durinγ service are limitedly reported. In this work, microstructure and mechanical properties of γH4033 alloy, which was sectioned from the shank of a serviced 2nd staγe turbine blade in an aircraft enγine, were studied after overheatinγ at 900~1100 ℃ for 3 min. Microstructural deγradation durinγ overheatinγ exposures as well as its influence on room temperature hardness and stress rupture life at 700 ℃, 430 MPa were analyzed. The results of microstructural characterization indicated that the coarseninγ and dissolution of γ' precipitates were introduced by overheatinγ exposures, and all of the γ' precipitates dissolved at 980 ℃ for 3 min. γradual dissolution of γrain boundary (γB) carbides was observed with the increase of overheatinγ temperature. Complete dissolution of γB carbides at 1100 ℃ resulted in γrain γrowth. The room temperature hardness after overheatinγ exposures decreased γrossly with the dissolution of γ' phase. Due to the dissolution and re-precipitation of γ' phase as well as the dissolution of γB carbides, the stress rupture life under 700 ℃, 430 MPa of γH4033 alloy was initially increased and then decreased siγnificantly.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2018-12-26
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
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