分类: 计算机科学 >> 计算机科学技术其他学科 提交时间: 2020-06-09
摘要: The chest X-Ray (CXR) is the one of the most common clinical exam used to diagnose thoracic diseases and abnormalities. The volume of CXR scans generated daily in hospitals is huge. Therefore, an automated diagnosis system that is able to save the effort of doctors is of great value. At present, the applications of artificial intelligence in CXR diagnosis usually use pattern recognition to classify the scans. However, such methods rely on labeled databases. They are costly and usually have a high error rate. In this work, we built a database containing more than 12,000 CXR scans and radiological reports, and developed a model based on deep convolutional neural network and recurrent network with attention mechanism. The model learns features from the CXR scans and the associated raw radiological reports directly; no additional labeling required. The model provides automated recognition of given scans and generation of impression. The quality of the generated impression was evaluated with both the CIDEr scores and by radiologists as well. The CIDEr scores were found to be around 5.8 on average for the testing dataset. Further blind evaluation suggested a comparable performance against radiologists.
分类: 生物学 >> 生物物理学 提交时间: 2016-05-11
摘要: In plants, auxin signalling is initiated by the auxin-promoted interaction between the auxin receptor TIR1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors, which are subsequently degraded by the proteasome. Gain-of-function mutations in the highly conserved domain II of Aux/IAAs abolish the TIR1-Aux/IAA interaction and thus cause an auxin-resistant phenotype. Here we show that peptidyl-prolyl isomerization of rice OsIAA11 catalysed by LATERAL ROOTLESS2 (LRT2), a cyclophilin-type peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, directly regulates the stability of OsIAA11. NMR spectroscopy reveals that LRT2 efficiently catalyses the cis/trans isomerization of OsIAA11. The lrt2 mutation reduces OsTIR1-OsIAA11 interaction and consequently causes the accumulation of a higher level of OsIAA11 protein. Moreover, knockdown of the OsIAA11 expression partially rescues the lrt2 mutant phenotype in lateral root development. Together, these results illustrate cyclophilin-catalysed peptidyl-prolyl isomerization promotes Aux/IAA degradation, as a mechanism regulating auxin signalling.