小学教师职业倦怠维度发展顺序探究——来自结构方程模型和交叉滞后网络分析模型的证据

Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》

谢敏 李峰 罗玉晗 柯李 王侠 王耘

Abstract： The three dimensions of teacher’s job burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, are relatively independent but also have mutual influence. Research into their developmental relationship is helpful to understand the developmental process of job burnout and identify the early symptoms of job burnout. 3837 primary school teachers took part in this two-wave longitudinal study with interval for three years. We conducted structural equation model (SEM) to compare five representative developmental models, basic model and full model, while using cross-lagged panel network model (CLPN) to highlight pathways among three dimensions and to reveal pathways among the constituting variables within each dimension. In the cross-lagged panel network model, the relations among individual items were modeled both within and across time point. Results of SEM showed that when considering the effect size r > 0.1, the optimal development model for primary school teachers’ job burnout dimensions was “T1 emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment separately predicted T2 emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment, T1 depersonalization predicted T2 depersonalization and T2 reduced personal accomplishment”. Results of CLPN showed that the center of the network was an important outcome “experiencing positive impact and value at work” (item 3 of reduced personal accomplishment) and an important predictor “not caring what students think” (item 4 of depersonalization). The strongest pathways in the network were the effect of “experiencing positive impact and value at work” (item 3 of reduced personal accomplishment) on “not caring what students think” (item 4 of depersonalization) and the effect of “insomnia and headache caused by work” (item 8 of emotional exhaustion) on “exhaustion and depression” (item 2 of emotional exhaustion). While the former belonged to the vertical process between depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment, the latter belonged to the vertical process within emotional exhaustion. The direct impacts of emotional exhaustion on depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment on emotional exhaustion existed but the strengths were obvious weaker than the pathways above. The results supported the optimal development model. Both SEM and CLPN results indicate that depersonalization plays an important role in teacher burnout. One suggestion is to include the evaluations of teachers’ relationships with students, colleagues and leaders to identify the depersonalization symptoms in time, which may effectively prevent the further development of teacher burnout.

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