Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-05-21
Abstract： The cooling storage ring (CSR) external-target experiment (CEE) is a spectrometer used in construction to study the properties of nuclear matter in high-baryon density regions at the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). This study presents the design, simulation, manufacturing, and testing of a half-size prototype of a multi-wire drift chamber (MWDC) for the CEE. First, the performance of the MWDC connected to home-made electronics was simulated. The results demonstrated that an energy resolution of 18.5% for 5.9-keV X-rays and a position resolution of 194 um for protons can be achieved by the current design. Because the size of the largest MWDC reached 176 × 314 cm, a set of 98 × 98 cm prototypes was built using the new techniques. The positioning accuracy of the anode wires in this prototype exceeded 20 um. After optimization using commercially available electronic devices, the prototype achieved an energy resolution of 19.7% for a 55Fe X-ray source. The CEE-MWDC detector and electronics were simultaneously tested. An energy resolution of 22% was achieved for the 55Fe source; the track residuals were approximately 330 um for the cosmic rays. The results demonstrate that the current design and techniques meet the requirements of the CEE-MWDC array.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-05-18
Abstract： [Background] Due to the independence of traditional neutron and density measurement instruments, in order to improve the safety and efficiency of geological information.[Purpose]Integrate the design of existing neutron and density instruments to merge the neutron density components And analyze in detail the gamma influencing factors in integrated design.[Methods] In order to investigate the influence of the distance between neutron and gamma sources on detector measurements, Monte Carlo simulation was used to analyze detector counts and energy spectra at different distances between neutron and gamma sources, and the results were validated under different rock and density conditions.[Results] Keeping the true instrument source distance, neutron source intensity and other parameters unchanged, the neutron radiation field has no significant impact on the density measurement results when the neutron and gamma sources are 410mm apart, and the absolute error of the inversion density is less than 0.015g/cm3. By changing the neutron source intensity to explore the impact of source intensity on integrated research, and simulating multiple neutron sources with different intensities, it can be found that as the neutron source intensity gradually increases, the optimal distance between the neutron source and gamma source gradually increases and presents a quadratic function relationship.[Conclusions] Based on such findings, the distance between the two sources can be flexibly determined based on the strength of the neutron source, enabling rapid performance evaluation of on-site instrument testing and providing theoretical guidance for integrated design.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-05-11
Abstract： [Background]:In response to the issue of neutron beam instability or misfire during the operation of the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor with a Particle and Neutron Source (TMSR-PNS), it is necessary to design and develop a neutron beam monitor with high counting rate, low neutron beam perturbation, and high neutron/gamma discrimination capability. [Purpose]: This study aims to investigate the influence of structural parameters of neutron beam monitors on their performance. [Methods]: Firstly, considering that the energy spectrum of TMSR-PNS mainly focuses on the energy range from thermal neutrons to 1 MeV, LiF was chosen as the neutron conversion material. The SRIM program was used to calculate the range of secondary charged particles in the neutron conversion layer and the scintillator, providing a preliminary reference for determining the thickness. Subsequently, a relevant physical model was established using Geant4, irradiating with neutrons and gamma rays of different energies. Finally, the simulation results were used to determine the effects of parameters such as neutron conversion layer thickness, scintillator thickness, metal shell, and the placement angle of the PMT on the detector performance. [Results]: The neutron conversion layer thickness of the scintillator is relatively suitable at about 2 µm for intrinsic detection efficiency. With a scintillator thickness of 2 mm and a discrimination threshold of 0.1 MeV, the detector demonstrates insensitivity to gamma rays. Additionally, by comparing the impact of different shell materials on electron generation by gamma rays, iron, which produces fewer electrons, was selected as the shell material. [Conclusions]: The influence of detector structural parameters on detector performance obtained in this study is of guiding significance, providing theoretical reference for the subsequent preparation of detectors.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-05-07
Abstract： [Background]: With the deepening of oil and gas exploration, the research on the design and measurement methods of X-ray density logging tools, as a new generation of controllable sources, has attracted widespread attention. [Purpose]: Based on the prototype of ultra-slim gamma logging tool, the gamma source is replaced with an X-ray source. [Methods]: The specific content includes: 1) simulating and matching the energy spectrum of the X-ray source; 2) comprehensively guiding the forward design of the key parameters of the tool through indicators such as detection efficiency, formation sensitivity, and detection depth; 3) conducting X-ray density measurements based on the multivariate forward and inverse modeling method, and comparing them with gamma density logging results. [Results]: The results show that when the short and long-spaced detectors’ source distances of the X-ray tool are set to 110mm and 290mm, it can achieve comparable or even higher detection indicators compared to gamma tool. Compared with gamma logging, X-ray logging has better formation sensitivity, vertical resolution, and formation measurement accuracy. The formation density and Pe are within 0.015g/cm3 and 0.2b/e, respectively. Especially in the barite mudcake scenario, the accuracy of Pe measurement has been improved by 47%. [Conclusions]: These studies provide reference for tool forward design and X-ray density measurement.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-05-06
Abstract： [Background]: With the deepening of oil and gas exploration, the research on the design and measurement methods of X-ray density logging tools, as a new generation of controllable sources, has attracted widespread attention. [Purpose]: Based on the prototype of ultra-slim gamma logging tool, the gamma source is replaced with an X-ray source. [Methods]: The specific content includes: 1) simulating and matching the energy spectrum of the X-ray source; 2) comprehensively guiding the forward design of the key parameters of the tool through indicators such as detection efficiency, formation sensitivity, and detection depth; 3) conducting X-ray density measurements based on the multivariate forward and inverse modeling method, and comparing them with gamma density logging results. [Results]: The results show that when the short and long-spaced detectors’ source distances of the X-ray tool are set to 110mm and 290mm, it can achieve comparable or even higher detection indicators compared to gamma tool. Compared with gamma logging, X-ray logging has better formation sensitivity, vertical resolution, and formation measurement accuracy. The formation density and Pe are within 0.015g/cm3 and 0.2b/e, respectively. Especially in the barite mudcake scenario, the accuracy of Pe measurement has been improved by 47%. [Conclusions]: These studies provide reference for tool forward design and X-ray density measurement.
Subjects: Physics >> Nuclear Physics Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-04-28
Abstract： A charged particle array, named MATE-PA, which serves as an auxiliary detec#2;tor system to the Multi-purpose Active-target Time projection chamber for nuclear astrophysical and exotic beam Experiments (MATE) has been con#2;structed. The array is composed of twenty single-sided strip-silicon detectors, covering around 10% of the solid angle. It is dedicated for the detection of reaction-induced charged particles which penetrate the MATE active volume. The performance of MATE-PA has been experimentally studied using an alpha source, and a 36-MeV 14N beam injected into the chamber of MATE, filled with a mixture gas of 95% 4He and 5% CO2 under the pressure of 500 mbar, at the Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou (RIBLL). The results demonstrate good separation of light charged particles with the forward double-layer silicon detectors of MATE-PA. The energy resolution of the Si detectors was deduced to be about 1% (σ) for an energy loss of about 10 MeV by the α particles. The inclusion of MATE-PA helps improve particle identification, and increases the dynamic range for the kinetic energy of charged particles, in particular that of α particles up to about 15 MeV.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-04-26
Abstract： [Background]: The High Energy Cosmic Radiation Detection Facility (HERD) is a flagship scientific instrument planned to be deployed on the Chinese Space Station, aiming to indirectly detect dark matter, accurately measure cosmic ray compositions, and conduct surveys of high-energy gamma-ray emissions. Among them, the silicon charge detector is one of the key components of HERD, used to measure the charges of cosmic rays ranging from hydrogen to nickel.[Purpose]: To validate and analyze the charge measurement capability of silicon charge detectors, a ground test system was designed for a prototype silicon charge detector beamline.[Methods]: The ground test system utilizes Xilinx's ZYNQ UltraScale+ MPSoC chip as the control chip, achieving functions including LVDS data reception, encoding and decoding, RS-422 control, and gigabit Ethernet data reception and storage. [Results]: The silicon charge detector beamline prototype participated in heavy ion beam experiments at the European Nuclear Research Center, with the ground test system collecting 100G of experimental data during the beamline experiments. [Conclusions]: The Ground Test system demonstrated good stability and reliability during the beam experiment, providing important technical support and data foundation for subsequent experiments of the HERD project's silicon charge detector.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-04-19
Abstract： In order to meet the demand for elementary particle detection and analysis in high-energy physics experiments, modern pixel detector increasingly tends to pursue the performance requirements of low power consumption, high resolution, and high readout efficiency.This paper describes a silicon pixel detector digital-analogue hybrid readout chip named IMPix-N1. The pixel array consists of 16 rows × 16 columns of pixel units, each with an area of 100 μm × 100 μm, and the pixel array part is controlled by a 1-row × 8-column pixel unit as a superpixel, which has a common logic circuit. The chip has a pixel configuration mode and three pixel address readout modes of operation, which realises the measurement, storage and readout of the time, energy and position information of the hitting particles. The time-to-digital conversion circuit (TDC) can simultaneously measure and record the arrival time TOA and the over-threshold time TOT of the particles, with a time measurement accuracy of 5 ns. The IMPix-N1 is suitable for particle detection experiments requiring high temporal and spatial resolution as well as fast data acquisition capabilities.The chip as a whole is designed using the digital-on-top methodology in TSMC 180nm process. The design is simulated to verify the digital circuit of the pixel unit, the super pixel control circuit and the peripheral digital circuits, and the before and after simulation results are consistent and meet the design requirements.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-04-07
Abstract： Background Rapid and accurate measurements of radionuclide activities in the field play an important role in radiological medical diagnosis. Purpose This study aims to develop a capacitance-integrated activity meter. Methods A circuit structure of the capacitive-integral type was adopted, and a low-noise preamplifier circuit was designed. The designed structure was matched with high-precision signal acquisition and processing circuit to successfully develop a weak current measurement circuit, achieving weak current measurements ranging from 20 fA to 10 μA. Results The test results show that the repeatability of the proposed radioactivity meter is consistent with the performance of the commercial RM-905A, with a background lower than 0.065 MBq, a repeatability not exceeding 0.84%, and an instability of 1.94%. Conclusions We designed a capacitive integral weak-current preamplifier and built a prototype radioactivity meter device.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-03-28
Abstract： Background : High frame rate area detectors play a crucial role in experiments such as coherent diffraction imaging and serial crystallography conducted at the Shanghai HIgh repetitioN rate xfel and Extreme light facility (SHINE). Their high data transmission rates and extensive processing needs pose grand challenges for the data acquisition system. Purpose : To support the continuous operation of a megapixel detector working at 10kHz frame rate, the DAQ software must deliver a data throughput of no less than 20 GB·s-1. Methods : In order to meet the requirement of high throughput data readout and processing of many detector modules, this research developed a distributed DAQ software based on C++ language, which is designed to run on multiple servers in parallel. This research adopts a memory based MapReduce-like method to realize the online event reconstruction. And also tested the Bitshuffle+LZ4/ZSTD data compression algorithm. Results : The software successfully achieved a throughput of 20GB·s-1 for data transmission and event reconstruction by using 4 DAQ servers. It also includes the implementation and testing of various functions, such as data calibration, lossless compression, and the distributed operation capability of the whole system. Conclusions : This research will provide essential support for some related experiments using area detectors which require high throughput data acquisition.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-03-20
Fu Shengwei
Long Jinbiao
Zhan Meiqiang
Lu Chengui
Guo Yufei
Yang Junjie
Zhang Zhe
Yu Yuhong
Lu Fenhua
Liu Tuoqi
Li Zhiyao
Xu Yingfeng
Sun Zhiyu
Yang Herun
Abstract： The properties of working gases in gas detectors,such as the average ionization energy,Fano factor,and drift velocity,have a significant impact on the preliminary simulation,parameter design,and trajectory reconstruction of the detectors.SeF6,as the target working gas in domestic neutrinoless double beta decay experiments,has unknown parameters that need to be investigated.To study the relevant parameters of this gas,a measurement scheme was designed and the accuracy and reliability of the experimental plan were tested using Ar/CH4=90/10(P10) as the working gas.In the experiment,the average ionization energy of P10 was measured using a grid ionization chamber with an 𝛼 source,yielding a value of 27.10±0.04 eV,and the Fano factor was determined to be 0.175±0.001 when the energy resolution reached 0.91% after subtracting noise through calibration electronics.Additionally,the drift velocity was measured using a 266 nm laser and a time projection chamber,and the results were consistent with the Garfield++ simulation results.The experimental results indicate the feasibility of the measurement scheme and demonstrate high reliability of
the measurement results.This provides a solid foundation for further research on the properties of SeF6.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-03-15
Abstract： Background: In the detection of soft X-ray energy spectrum, integrated detection device integrated with a silicon drift detector (SDD) and a reset type charge sensitive preamplifier，the output signal is a stepped sawtooth wave containing ray energy spectrum information. Purpose: Processing the sawtooth signal to obtain the X-ray energy spectrum. Methods: To design an analog circuit for shaping and amplifying the stepped sawtooth signal from the preamplifier by Cadence simulation. Results: Realize the function of transforming stepped sawtooth signals into nuclear pulse signals. Analysis of several factors affecting energy resolution under this schematic. Conclusions: The feasibility of the circuit is verified, and the factors affecting the energy resolution of the energy spectrum and the minimum requirements on the noise amplitude at the output of the preamplifier are obtained.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-03-07
Jieyu Zhu
Haibo Yang
Yangzhou Su
Fenhua Lu
Yan Yang
Xiwen Liu
Ping Wei
Shucai Wan
Haoqing Xie
Xianqin Li
Cong Dai
Huijun Hu
Hongbang Liu
Shuwen Tang
Chengxin Zhao
Abstract： The High Energy Cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is planned to launch in 2027 and scheduled to be installed on the China Space Station. It serves as a dark matter particle detector, a cosmic ray instrument, and an observatory for high-energy gamma rays. A transition radiation detector placed on one of its lateral sides serves dual purpose, (i) calibrating HERD’s electromagnetic calorimeter in the TeV energy range, and (ii) serving as an independent detector for high-energy gamma rays. In this paper, the prototype readout electronics design of the transition radiation detector is demonstrated, which aims to accurately measure the charge of the anodes using the SAMPA application specific integrated circuit chip. The electronic performance of the prototype system is evaluated in terms of noise, linearity, and resolution. Through the presented design, each electronic channel can achieve a dynamic range of 0-100 fC, the RMS noise level not exceeding 0.15 fC, and the integral nonlinearity was less than 0.2%. To further verify the readout electronic performance, a joint test with the detector was carried out, and the results show that the prototype system can satisfy the requirements of the detector’s scientific goals.
Subjects: Physics >> Nuclear Physics Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-02-27
LUFenhua
TANG Shuwen
FU Shengwei
YAN Duo
MA Peng
YANG Haibo
YU Yuhong
ZHANG Xueheng
WANG Shitao
ZHANG Yongjie
FANG Fang
LIU Tuoqi
XU Yingfeng
LI Zhiyao
LIU Xiangman
WEI Xiaobao
SUN Zhiyu
Abstract： The high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility (HIAF) under construction is equipped with an advanced radioactive beam line HFRS, which will provide a new opportunity for the research of high-energy radionuclide beam physics in China.The characteristic of HFRS is high intensity, This puts forward very strict requirements for particle recognition energy loss detector.The traditional energy loss detector generally adopts the analog plug-in technology route of preamplifier, main amplifier and ADC for signal processing.This scheme has some problems, such as slow electronic response, poor flexibility and difficulty in dealing with serious pulse pile-up at high count rate. We propose a new applicable to high count rate energy loss detector scheme.The signal of the energy loss detector is initially amplified by the fast charge sensitive preamplifier, and Then the waveform is directly collected by waveform digitizer and then processed by digital algorithm.And use the Multiple Sampling Ionization Chamber (MUSIC) of secondary beam line of lanzhou RIBLL2 for the radioactive source and beam test.Using the 3 components 𝛼 source test, using digital shaping algorithm processing for acquisition of waveform, energy resolution (FWHM) of up to 1.31%.In RIBLL2 provide 300 MeV/u of 56Fe beam test, uses the time constant of 𝜏f = 2 𝜇𝑠 of fast charge sensitive preamplifier on the count rate is close to 1 MHz is still not occurred pulse pile-up obviously.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics Subjects: Physics >> Nuclear Physics submitted time 2024-02-26
LIUTuoQi
TANGShuWen
SUN Yu
YU Yuhong
FANG Fang
WANG Shitao
ZHANG Xueheng
SUN Zhiyu
LU Fenhua
FU Shengwei
Li Zhiyao
WEI Xiaobao
XU Yingfeng
Abstract： Cosmic rays are used for the calibration of the Veto detector at ETF in HIRFL-CSR of the Cooling Storage
Ring of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL-CSR). The work is divided into two parts: position calibration
and time calibration. The hit positions of particles are obtained by position calibration and an uniform standard of the
measurement of particle hit time in the Veto detector is built through time calibration. The information of position and
time of particles serves as important criteria for eliminating changed particle events that hit the neutron wall detector,
providing support for the realization of the physical objectives of the neutron wall detector. A 2.53 cm position resolution
and a 1.09 ns time resolution have been achieved in this paper.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-02-25
Hongyu Zhang
Xiyang Wang
Weihu Ma
Shiming Zou
Deqing Fang
Wanbing He
Xiaolong Wang
Zhen Wang
Rui Yuan
Qibin Zheng
Abstract： A combination of scintillator, wavelength shifting (WLS) fiber, and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) shows an excellent performance in the `KL and μ detector (KLM)' of the Belle II experiment. In this study, we present the R&D efforts for a similar detection technology utilizing a new scintillator and SiPM. This technology can be applied to a muon detector for the proposed CEPC experiment. The R&D encompasses the investigation of the performance of a new 150 cm-long scintillator, the NDL SiPM with a sensitive surface of 3 mm × 3 mm, or the Hamamatsu MPPC with a sensitive surface of 1.3 mm × 1.3 mm. Additionally, it includes the construction of a detector strip and the methods employed to achieve excellent light collection. Cosmic ray tests reveal efficient photon collections by NDL SiPM or MPPC, with efficiencies well above 90% using a threshold of 8 p.e.. The time resolutions for hits at the far end of a scintillator strip are better than 1.7 ns. The observed performance indicates a promising option for an outstanding muon detector for CEPC.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-02-23
Zhao, Dong
Liang, Xuwen
Cai, Pingkun
Cheng, Wei
Jia, Wenbao
Hei, Daqian
Shan, Qing
Ling, Yongsheng
Shi, Chao
Abstract： Time-encoded imaging is useful for identifying potential special nuclear materials and other radioactive sources at a distance. In this study, a large field-of-view time-encoded imager was developed for gamma-ray and neutron source hotspot imaging based on a depth-of-interaction (DOI) detector. The imager primarily consists of a DOI detector system and a rotary dual-layer cylindrical coded mask. An EJ276 plastic scintillator coupled with two SiPMs was designed as the DOI detector to increase the field of view and improve the imager performance. The difference in signal time at both ends and the log of the signal amplitude ratio were used to calculate the interaction position resolution. The position resolution of the DOI detector was calibrated using a collimated Cs-137 source, and the full width at half maximum of the reconstruction position of the Gaussian fitting curve was approximately 4.4 cm. The DOI detector can be arbitrarily divided into several units to independently reconstruct the source distribution images. The unit length was optimized via Am-Be source-location experiments. A multidetector filtering method is proposed for image denoising. This method can effectively reduce image noise caused by poor DOI detector position resolution. The vertical field of view of the imager was (-55°, 55°) when the detector was placed in the center of the coded mask. A DT neutron source at 20 m standoff could be located within 2400 s with an angular resolution of 3.5°.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Instrument and Meter submitted time 2024-02-07
Abstract： A new measurement method for the spatial distribution of neutron beam flux in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is being developed based on the two-dimensional Micromegas detector. To address the issue of long processing time in traditional offline position reconstruction methods, this paper proposes an FPGA-based online position reconstruction method, grounded in the micro time projection chamber principle. This method encapsulates key technical aspects: self-adaptive serial link technique built upon the dynamical adjustment of delay chain length, fast sorting and coordinate matching technique based on the mapping between signal timestamps and random access memory (RAM) addresses, and precise start point merging technique utilizing a circular combined RAM. The performance test of the self-adaptive serial link shows the bit error rate of the link is better than 10^-12 at a confidence level of 99%, ensuring reliable data transmission. The combined experiment of the readout electronics and the Micromegas detector shows a spatial resolution of approximately 1.4 mm, surpassing the current method's resolution level of 5 mm. The beam experiment confirms that the readout electronics system can obtain the flux spatial distribution of neutron beam online, thus validating the feasibility of the position reconstruction method. The online position reconstruction method avoids traditional methods such as bubble sorting and traversal searching, simplifying the design of logic firmware and reducing the time complexity from O(n^2) to O(n). This study contributes to the advancement in measuring neutron beam flux for BNCT.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-01-26
Abstract： Currently, with the advent of high-repetition-rate laser-plasma experiments, the demand for online diagnosis
for the X-ray spectrum is increasing because the laser-plasma-generated X-ray spectrum is very important for
characterizing electron dynamics and applications. In this study, scintillators and silicon PIN (P-type-Intrinsic-
N-type semiconductor) diodes were used to construct a wideband online filter stack spectrometer. The X-ray
sensor and filter arrangement was optimized using a genetic algorithm to minimize the condition number of the
response matrix. Consequently, the unfolding error was significantly reduced based on numerical experiments.
The detector responses were quantitatively calibrated by irradiating the scintillator and PIN diode with various
nuclides and comparing the measured γ-ray peaks. A prototype 15-channel spectrometer was developed by
integrating an X-ray detector with front- and back-end electronics. The prototype spectrometer could record Xray
pulse signals at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Furthermore, an optimized spectrometer was employed to record
the real-time spectra of laser-driven bremsstrahlung sources. This optimized spectrometer offers a compact
solution for spectrum diagnostics of ultrashort X-ray pulses, exhibiting improved accuracy in terms of spectrum
measurements and repetition rates, and could be widely used in next-generation high-repetition-rate high-power
laser facilities.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-01-22
Abstract： Based on a UMC 55 nm CMOS process, this paper implements a 10 GHz high-performance charge pump phase-locked loop with high-speed output and low power consumption, which can provide a high-frequency differential clock for the data transmission system in particle physics experiments. A dual-branch charge pump with an operational amplifier and dummy MOSFETs is designed to reduce the influence of non-ideal factors on the circuit. A high-speed, low-power 64-divider circuit is designed to convert the 10 GHz differential clock output by the phase-locked loop into a 156.25MHz single-ended clock. An LC voltage-controlled oscillator is designed with a complementary cross-coupled structure, which enables fast start-up with low phase noise. The simulation results show that under the typical process corner, the phase noise of the VCO at 1 MHz frequency offset is -104.14 dBc/Hz. The PLL lock time is about 500ns, the power consumption is 22.34mW, and the peak-to-peak jitter is 6.59ps.
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