Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-07-04
Abstract： [Purpose/Significance] “Neck Stuck” technology is the key point that restricts the high-quality development of China’s strategic emerging industries at the present stage. To ensure the independent security control of the industrial chain, it is necessary to identify the “Neck Stuck” technology efficiently and accurately. [Method/Process] This study utilizes patent literature as the main data source. Firstly, key core technologies are selected based on technical co-occurrence network measurements. Secondly, the relationship between latecomer advantages and independent innovation capabilities is comprehensively considered from the perspective of technical gaps and technical-economic security. A “Neck Stuck” technology identification index system is designed across four dimensions: technical value advantage, technical competition advantage, technical monopoly status, and independent controllability. Then, a systematic “Neck Stuck” technology identification model is constructed using the CRITIC-TOPSIS method. Finally, empirical research is conducted in the field of numerical control machine tools. [Result/Conclusion] The results of the identification process using the proposed method in this study reveal the existence of 34 potential “Neck Stuck” technologies in the field of numerical control machine tools in China. These technologies are primarily concentrated in the control or adjustment system, key functional components, turning or boring numerical control machine tools, and digital data processing. A comparison of these findings with the U.S. Commerce Control List confirms the high degree of consistency, thus validating the feasibility and reliability of the proposed method.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-11
Abstract： [Purpose/Significance] Strengthening global data governance has become the current international strategic consensus, and data sovereignty has become an important embodiment of national sovereignty in cyberspace. Many countries in the world have actively introduced data governance policies and actively participated in the global data governance competition. Therefore, studying and analyzing data governance policies and practices in developed countries is of great significance to our data governance system and capacity building. [Method/Process] Throughcomparing and analyzing the data governance policies and practices issued by the United States, the European Union and Japan, we sorted out the core content, value orientation and practice pathof data governance policies in the United States, the European Union and Japan, analyzed the global data governance development situation, sorted out the current main problems facing the data governance in our country, and proposed countermeasures and suggestions to strengthen our data governance system and capacity building. [Result/Conclusion] In order to effectively improve the data governance capacity, we should perfect the data governance system and legal systemconstruction, focus on international competition, grasp the power of discourse and rule-making of global data governance competition, actively construct the open and shared data governance cooperation pattern, and constantly improve the operating mechanism of data governance, promote the public data opening and governance technology optimization of our country
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Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Promoting the market allocation of data elements is the key to realize the value of data resources, which drives the high-quality development of digital economy. Based on the literature review, this study first analyses the theoretical process of market allocation of data elements, and divides the whole process into two stages: market-based construction and value-based allocation. According to the proposed theoretical model, this study designs the network DEA model with additional intermediate inputs to calculate the market allocation efficiency of data elements of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2019 to 2020. Moreover, by Malmquist index analysis, we further investigate the dynamic changes of both market allocation efficiency of data elements and total factor productivity in China. The study finds that during the period of 2019 to 2020, the market allocation efficiency of data elements in China is on an upward trend. The efficiency of value-based allocation stage reached a higher level than that of the market-based allocation stage. This finding suggests that the orderly opening of public data and the construction of data trading platform will still be the focus in improving the market allocation efficiency of data elements in the future. The results of the study further indicates that China’s total factor productivity increased significantly—both the technology progress and the improvement of market allocation efficiency of data elements had a positive effect on improving total factor productivity, and the latter driving force is more critical to promoting the improvement of total factor productivity.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Big data is the primary engine for advancing the development of the digital economy, and market-based data allocation is a crucial method for promoting the development of China’s digital economy. However, the current issues of “unclear ownership”, “difficult pricing”, and “imperfect transaction mechanisms” have severely constrained the market-based allocation of data. The study begins with a discussion of the dilemma of data rights delimitation, pricing, and trading. Then review the strategic initiative of international data market construction and the development of China’s data trading market. Finally, based on the practice of China’s big data market construction, the study proposes some recommendations for constructing a high-level data element market. It is expected that the publication of this research would attract more scholars to investigate the market-based data allocation from different perspectives.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： While cross-border data flow considerably improves the effectiveness of cross-border collaborations, it also faces issues of data sovereignty, national security, conflict of interest, privacy protection and data regulation. It has become a link to the global economy and the center of the game of the new order. First of all, this study analyzes the role of cross-border data flow in economic globalization from the perspective of the economic impact of data elements. It then analyzes the constraints of cross-border data flow in the global context and lists the benefits and drawbacks of China’s data element market construction. In the end, based on the practice of China’s digital economy development, the study puts forward policy recommendations of better integration of government with effective market, promoting R&D application of digital privacy technologies, playing the role of early and pilot implementation in free trade zones and free port areas, implementing differentiated regulatory policies of classification and grading, initiating multilateral agreements to export Chinese solutions for international data governance, and adhering to systemic thinking to lead the globalization of digital economy. It aims to promote the safe and orderly flow of cross-border data, so that China can better grasp the strategic opportunities in the globalization of digital economy.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Data market is the foundation of digital economy. Following General Secretary Xi Jinping's thought on promoting the classification, grading and separation of data, defining the rights and ensuring proper use of data, this study focuses on the main theoretical and practical issues of building data market by answering three questions which are why to build it, what to build, and how to build. It finds that the digital economy shows three-stages of development. With the enterprise data becoming dominant, it puts forward realistic requirements and offers development opportunities for data market. To overcome the obstacles in the way of building data market, it is necessary to start from the supply side, adhere to the top-level design, make full use of the market mechanism, and focus on solving the three problems of ownership definition, data supply, and transaction mode. Based on the theoretical research and practical needs, this study concludes with proposals to establish a national data administration bureau, a national data center, and a digital economy promotion law.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In recent years, the probability and frequency of international major emergencies are on the rise, which have threatened the global food security. The study decomposes the food supply chain into production section, consumption section, and circulation section; and then analyzes the risks of food security in each section when facing the major emergencies. In the production section, major emergencies restrict the inputs of labor and agricultural production materials, limiting food supply directly. In the consumption section, major emergencies usually increase the food price and decrease the resident income, and thus, decline the purchasing power of food and exacerbate the food crisis. In the circulation section, major emergencies may lead to the block of domestic food transportation and the interruption of international trade, which mismatches the food production and food consumption. In addition, the study puts forward that China’s high grain self-sufficiency rate not only ensures Chinese food security, but also contributes to the global food security. The suggestions are proposed in the end to Chinese and global food security, respectively.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Food security is crucial to national security. Thus, it is an urgent task to figure out the potential risks that threaten China’s food security during the 14th Five-Year Plan period and how to cope with those risks. This paper provides an outlook for the development of China’s food production during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and then points out the potential risks faced by food production. The paper demonstrates that China’s food production will achieve a steady development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and the grain output will reach more than 690 Mt by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period. The paper argues that the main potential risks faced by food production during the 14th Five-Year Plan period include the increasing intensive constraints on natural and labor resources, the slow development of the seed industry, the low degree of scale and mechanization, the over-concentration phenomenon, and the frequent occurrence of major events. In the end, corresponding suggestions are proposed corresponding to the above risks.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The digital economy has become the core force in leading economic development and building a new international pattern, and it is the key to achieving high-quality development. How to monitor and evaluate the development level of the digital economy has become an important issue in formulating industrial and regulatory policies for the digital economy reasonably, ensuring the healthy and orderly development of the digital economy, and thus stabilizing the national economic development. The value-added-based statistical system, which was born from the industrial economy, is constrained by data and methods, so it is difficult to accurately measure the level of development of digital economy and effectively measure the social value brought by the development of digital economy. Based on the current situation of China’s digital economy development and systematic review of the theoretical basis and current methods of digital economy evaluation, this study combines the development law of digital economy and the target of China’s digital economy development, shifts the evaluation orientation from the perspective of “GDP only” to the perspective of high-quality development, and systematically builds a monitoring and evaluation indicator system that takes into account statistical scientificity, regional comparability, data continuity and evaluation operability. This study also combines the monitoring and evaluation system with the practice of Beijing’s global digital economy benchmark city construction, monitors and evaluates the digital economy based on high-quality development oriented to the development needs of Beijing’s digital economy. This is a useful exploration on how to monitor and evaluate the digital economy, and provides a reference for how the country and regions can grasp the law of digital economy development and build a digital economy monitoring and evaluation system according to local conditions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Index research on the science and technology (S&T) innovation and development is a typical think tank research that originates from practice, is used for practice, and is higher than practice. However, existing research has several problems, such as insufficient theory and single perspective. This is not conducive to ensure the scientificity of research process and the accuracy of research results. Fortunately, the think tank double helix methodology has the typical characteristics of systematic thinking, whole-process guidance, and operational ideas, which provides new ideas for effectively solving the above problems. Thus, based on the think tank double helix methodology, this study establishes a whole-process systematic and dynamic research framework from connotation analysis, criteria construction, criteria weighting to criteria measurement. Furthermore, taking the index research on S&T innovation and development for Qinchuangyuan as an example, the empirical research is conducted, and some valuable enlightenment and thinking findings are obtained. The research process fully verifies the scientific guiding role of the think tank double helix methodology for think tank research. The research results provide important quantitative support and decision reference for judging the trend of S&T innovation and development for Qinchuangyuan and its contribution to the high#2;quality development of Shaanxi Province.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals is a major strategic decision made by the Chinese government, which will bring extensive and profound systemic changes for the economy and society. S&T is the core driving force that supports the goal of carbon neutrality. On the basis of the related concepts of carbon neutrality, this study analyzes the strategic actions and the characteristics of technological layout of carbon neutrality in developed countries/regions and international organizations. Major countries have promoted carbon neutrality through legislative regulation, energy strategies, technology roadmaps, carbon markets and other policy actions. They focus on deploying transformative green low-carbon technologies, such as hydrogen, CCUS, renewable energy, energy storage, nuclear energy, and clean power, to seize the technological commanding heights of the future green industrial revolution. Based on the two fundamental paths of achieving carbon neutrality — “emission reduction”, “increasing sinks”, and three research directions—“building a zero-carbon energy system”, “rebuilding low-carbon industrial processes”, and “ecological carbon sequestration and increasing sinks/negative emissions”, this study puts forward 14 important scientific issues aiming to guide more than 70 key technological breakthroughs. On the basis of all findings, 6 suggestions are proposed for China’s carbon neutrality strategy and technological layout as they are (1) strengthen the top-level design and scientific planning of the action plan for carbon neutrality; (2) accelerate the construction of the technology supporting system for carbon neutrality; (3) establish a zero#2;carbon energy system and a new power system; (4) accelerate the construction of the low-carbon industrial system; (5) promote the prospective applications of negative carbon emission technologies and the ecological carbon sequestrations; (6) Enhance the application of systematic solutions in carbon neutral strategic actions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The digital economy has become a significant force in reorganizing global factor resources, reshaping global economic structure and global competitive landscape. This article first starts with the basic issues of digital economy, outlines three key components of digital economy, which are big data, intelligent algorithms and computing platforms. Then it reviews the development of international digital economies and the current status of China’s digital economy, and summarizes the advantages and challenges of developing a digital economy in China. Finally, based on the “14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035”, according to challenges and shortcomings of China’s development of digital economy, six suggestions of policies to promote, optimize and strengthen China’s digital economy have been proposed, including data openness and protection, issues of key technologies, training programs for big data talents, livelihood services for citizens, social credit system and international collaborations.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Faced with the complex domestic and international environment, the Chinese government took various measures to coordinate epidemic control with economic and social development, earning recovered growth of the economy in 2021. In 2022, China's economic development will be facing greater uncertainty. This study systematically analyzes and forecasts the development trend and regularity of China's medium and long-term economic growth rate. It is expected that the medium and long-term economic growth rate of China will show a downward trend in a wave shape. Based on input-output technology, econometrics, prosperity analysis, expert analysis, and scenario analysis, a systematic integrated factor prediction approach on annual GDP growth is proposed. Based on the review and analysis of China's economic development in 2021, as well as the current domestic and international situation, China's economic growth rate is predicted to revert to normal level in 2022, with an annual growth rate of about 5.5%. The policy suggestions are further proposed based on the analysis, including implementing science-based measures in epidemic prevention and control, strengthening the cross-cycle policy adjustment, boosting consumption more vigorously, achieving the goal of "double carbon" scientifically and flexibly, and accelerating the development of digital economy and industrial digitization.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The UK is a proponent and pioneer of carbon neutral strategic actions. In-depth analysis and comparison of the characteristics of the carbon neutral policy system between China and the UK will be of reference value for China to promote the deployment of carbon neutral actions. Based on content analysis and grounded theory method, the “3MS” analysis framework of macro-strategy, medium skeleton and micro#2;structure are designed and put forward, and the overall text and logical characteristics of its policy are summarized. Research shows that at the overall level, the UK has basically formed the policy system of “1+1+N+X” for carbon neutrality strategy, and established a strategic promotion system of “consultation, decision making, implementation and evaluation”, with an organizational structure of central coordination, institutional promotion, think tank support and private collaboration. In addition, it has well-coordinated policy networks such as legislative constraints, overall deployment, clear mission, detailed response, mutual support, and technological guidance. In contrast, China’s legislative guarantee, promotion system and think tank support are insufficient. It is suggested that the five dimensions of legal guarantee, system and mechanism, implementation path, scientific and technological innovation, and think tank support should be taken into consideration. The improvement of China's carbon peak and carbon neutral strategic policy system should be undertaken from the perspectives of different emission reduction departments, different industrial technologies, as well as government, industry, enterprise, society and other levels.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：以 ChatGPT及其大语言模型为代表的人工智能将对经济学研究范式产生深远影响。目前，经济学实证研究一般使用参数维数较少、经济可解释性较强的小模型。然而，经济金融系统是一个超高维动态复杂系统，受多种因素的影响，且这些因素之间的关系呈现非线性与时变性特征，小模型无法刻画其本质规律。大模型可有效减少系统偏差，更好刻画复杂经济系统的特征与运行规律；而海量数据的使用可避免模型过度拟合，使大模型具有较好的泛化能力即样本外预测能力。为支持经济学及社会科学其他领域的大模型的估计、推断与预测，需要利用人工智能技术整合各种异构、异源、异频数据，构建大规模计量经济学数据库，并加强大算力等信息技术基础设施建设。目前，ChatGPT 及大模型等前沿人工智能技术仍存在局限性，如：无法像人类一样进行批判性思考或想象，只有预测能力；基于大数据的人工智能因果推断本质上是一种统计关系推断，需要引入经济理论或实验方法帮助识别真正的因果关系；人工智能技术不能改变经济学实证研究从样本推断总体性质的本质；同时，由于互联网大数据存在大量虚假信息或样本选择偏差等问题，基于人工智能所获得的结论的可靠性需要验证。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： China’s economic growth slowed down in 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding measures. There are great uncertainties in China’s economic development in 2023. It is expected that China’s medium and long-term economic growth rate will show a wavy downward trend. Based on input-output technology, econometrics, prosperity analysis, expert analysis, and scenario analysis, this study proposes a systematic integrated factor prediction approach on annual GDP growth. Through analysis of China’s economic growth in 2022 and the current situation worldwide, China’s economic growth rate is predicted to be about 6.0% in 2023, reverting to the normal level. The policy recommendations are further put forward based on the analysis, including strengthening the adjustment of macro-policy, implementing proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, boosting domestic consumption, increasing employment and promoting investment, striving to stabilize the macro-economic market, preventing and defusing risks in major fields, and leveraging China’s advantages in the global industrial chain.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Food security situation has changed in new era, which challenges the traditional food security theory. Food security index is constructed in this paper including five dimensions of quality security, quantity security, ecological security, economic security, and resource and environmental security to match the new concept and goal of food security in new era. Meanwhile, 14 indicators are selected to evaluate the evolution and current situation of China’s food security. The result shows that China has paid more attention to food quality security and economic security, but less attention to quality safety, ecological safety, and resource and environmental safety. Finally, suggestions are put forward to ensure China’s food security with the development of macro strategies, such as rural revitalization, healthy China, and supply-side reform.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Currently, the global energy system is shifting from the absolute dominance of fossil energy to the transition of lowcarbon and multi-energy. The global energy production and consumption revolution is constantly deepening, and emerging industries and new formats continue to grow and develop. In the process of energy transformation, major developed countries take science and technology innovation as the forerunner and take system reform as the starting point. They are committed to solving major strategic problems, such as green energy and low carbon transition, multi-energy complementary coupling utilization, deep electrification, and smart energy network construction. Based on these, they can build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system, and strive for the competitive strengths of energy science and technology revolution and industrial transformation. At the same time, energy technology innovation is in a highly active period, and emerging energy technologies are accelerating at an unprecedented rate, with a number of disruptive technologies spawning. This study systematically sorts out the major strategic plannings for energy science and technology developed by major developed countries and regions, as well as analyzes the progresses and important achievements of energy technology, which can help to accurately grasp the evolving technology directions. Finally, it proposes several constructive recommendations for the development of energy science and technology in China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The poverty alleviation for women not only affects women’s own development, but also plays an important role in cutting off the intergenerational transmission of poverty. It is the key to winning the fight against poverty and has been highly valued by the central government. This paper discusses the definition, characteristics, and causes of female poverty. This paper also analyzes the practice and existing problems of China’s poverty alleviation policies for women, draws on the policy experiences of women’s poverty alleviation in Mexico, the United States, and the European Union, and proposes suggestions on China’s poverty alleviation policies for women: implementing workfare programs for poor women; increasing long-term training and education; developing socialized child care services.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Nowadays, with the vigorous rise of a new round of scientific and technological revolution around the world, emerging disciplines continue to spring up, science and technology develop rapidly and show the characteristics of intersection and fusion. Meanwhile, complex models appear in the field of scientific research, and talents play an increasingly prominent role in the process of scientific and technological innovation. In this context, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is facing a new development opportunity and challenge. It is increasingly significant for how to optimize funding policies, strengthen basic research, enhance talent support for basic research, and build an effective mechanism to condense the scientific problems of bottleneck technology. Focusing on the funding system and management mode of NSFC, we analyze the funding structure and strategies of various international funding agencies in this study. We summarize some meaningful experience and provide feasible suggestions for the optimization of the funding policy for the future development of NSFC. It is helpful for the high-quality development of basic research and the enhancement of China's innovation ability.
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