分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： The sample variance due to our local density fluctuations in measuring our local Hubble-constant ($H_0$) can be reduced to the percentage level by choosing the Hubble-flow type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) outside of the homogeneity scale. In this Letter, we have revealed a hidden trend in this one-percent $H_0$ variation both theoretically and observationally. We have derived for the first time our $H_0$ variation measured from any discrete sample of distant SNe Ia. We have also identified a residual linear correlation between our local $H_0$ fitted from different groups of SNe Ia and their ambient density contrasts of SN-host galaxies evaluated at a given scale. We have further traced the scale dependence of this residual linear trend, which becomes more and more positively correlated with the ambient density contrasts of SN-host galaxies estimated at larger and larger scales, on the contrary to but still marginally consistent with the theoretical expectation from the $\Lambda$-cold-dark-matter model. This might indicate some unknown corrections to the peculiar velocity of the SN-host galaxy from the density contrasts at larger scales or the smoking gun for the new physics.
分类： 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间： 2017-09-27
摘要： The measured masses of the Higgs boson and top quark indicate that the e#11;ective potential of the standard model either develops an unstable electroweak vacuum or stands stable all the way up to the Planck scale. In the latter case in which the top quark mass is about 2#27; below its present central value, the Higgs boson can be the inaton with the help of a large nonminimal coupling to curvature in four dimensions. We propose a scenario in which the Higgs boson can be the in aton in a#12;ve-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet braneworld model to solve both the unitarity and stability problems which usually plague Higgs ination. We #12;nd that in order for Higgs ination to happen successfully in the Gauss-Bonnet regime, the extra dimension scale must appear roughly in the range between the TeV scale and the instability scale of standard model. At the tree level, our model can give rise to a naturally small nonminimal coupling #24; #24; O(1) for the Higgs quartic coupling #21; #24; O(0:1) if the extra dimension scale lies at the TeV scale. At the loop level, the in ationary predictions at the treelevel are preserved. Our model can be confronted with future experiments and observations fromboth particle physics and cosmology.
分类： 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间： 2017-09-27
摘要： The direct detection of gravitational wave by Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory indicates the coming of the era of gravitational-wave astronomy and gravitational-wave cosmology. It is expected that more and more gravitational-wave events will be detected by currently existing and planned gravitational-wave detectors. The gravitational waves open a new window to explore the Universe and various mysteries will be disclosed through the gravitational-wave detection, combined with other cosmological probes. The gravitational-wave physics is not only related to gravitation theory, but also is closely tied to fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this review article, three kinds of sources of gravitational waves and relevant physics will be discussed, namely gravitational waves produced during the inflation and preheating phases of the Universe,the gravitational waves produced during the first-order phase transition as the Universe cools down and the gravitational waves from the three phases: inspiral, merger and ringdown of a compact binary system, respectively. We will also discuss the gravitational waves as a standard siren to explore the evolution of the Universe.
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