分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： We propose a new label-free ultrasonic sensor, which comprises a slot wave-guide and double silicon-on-insulator (SOI) slot micro-ring resonators. The all-optical sensors do not suffer from electromagnetic interference. We choose to integrate a silicon slot double micro-ring (SDMR) resonators in an acoustically resonant membrane. Optimization of the several key structural parameters is investigated to achieve the mode-field distributions of transmission spectrum based on Comsol Multiphysics software. Our numerical studies show that the proposed ultrasonic sensor offers higher sensitivity and a larger detection frequency range than conventional piezoelectric based ultrasound transducer. For a SDMR system with an area of 15um*30um, sensitivity as high as 2453.7mv/kpa, and over a bandwidth range of 1-150MHz. The sensitivity value is 36 times higher than that of single slot micro-ring ultrasonic sensor. The theoretical-factor of the SDMR can be approximately 1.24*10^6 with bending radius of 5um. The investigation on the SDMR system is a valuable exploration of the photo-acoustic microscopy for the ultra-high Q factor and large frequency range.
分类： 物理学 >> 地球物理学、天文学和天体物理学 提交时间： 2024-01-09 合作期刊: 《Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics》
摘要： Accurate measurement of magnetic fields is very important for understanding the formation and evolution of solar magnetic fields. Currently, there are two types of solar magnetic field measurement instruments: filter-based magnetographs and Stokes polarimeters. The former gives high temporal resolution magnetograms and the latter provides more accurate measurements of magnetic fields. Calibrating the magnetograms obtained by filter-based magnetographs with those obtained by Stokes polarimeters is a good way to combine the advantages of the two types. Our previous studies have shown that, compared to the magnetograms obtained by the Spectro-Polarimeter (SP) on board Hinode, those magnetograms obtained by both the filter-based Solar Magnetic Field Telescope (SMFT) of the Huairou Solar Observing Station and by the filter-based Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) aboard SOHO have underestimated the flux densities in their magnetograms and systematic center-to-limb variations present in the magnetograms of both instruments. Here, using a sample of 75 vector magnetograms of stable alpha sunspots, we compare the vector magnetograms obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) aboard Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) with co-temporal vector magnetograms acquired by SP/Hinode. Our analysis shows that both the longitudinal and transverse flux densities in the HMI/SDO magnetograms are very close to those in the SP/Hinode magnetograms and the systematic center-to-limb variations in the HMI/SDO magnetograms are very minor. Our study suggests that using a filter-based magnetograph to construct a low spectral resolution Stokes profile, as done by HMI/SDO, can largely remove the disadvantages of the filter-type measurements and yet still possess the advantage of high temporal resolution.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Duo to the large magnetic Reynolds number, the magnetic helicity originating from the solar interior can be carried away through the photosphere into the corona. However, the relationship between the accumulated magnetic helicity flux through the photosphere and the magnetic helicity in the corona is still unclear. By selecting 36 newly emerging active regions in the 23rd solar cycle, we apply optical flow methods to derive the accumulated magnetic helicity through the photosphere ($H_m^p$) by using the sequential longitudinal magnetograms, use nonlinear force-free field extrapolation to obtain the 3D coronal magnetic field, and adopt finite volume methods to calculate the instantaneous relative magnetic helicity in the corona ($H_m^c$) by using vector magnetograms. It is found that the local correlation tracking (LCT)-based $H_m^p$ is larger than $H_m^c$ in $1"$, and that the Differential Affine Velocity Estimator-based $H_m^p$ is more consistent with $H_m^c$ than the LCT-based $H_m^p$. $H_m^p$ is more consistent with $H_m^c$ in evaluation from $2"$ than from $1"$. Moreover, $H_m^c - H_m^p$ systematically shows consistency with the Hemispheric Helicity Rule (over 55\%), no matter which resolution and method are used. These estimations suggest that the consistency of $H_m^c$ and $H_m^p$ is partly dependent on the resolution of the magnetograms and the calculation methods.
分类： 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间： 2023-09-05
摘要： This study introduces a novel algorithm to detect and identify radioactive materials in urban settings using time-series detector response data. To address the challenges posed by varying backgrounds and to enhance the quality and reliability of the energy spectrum data, we devised a temporal energy window. This partitioned the time-series detector response data, resulting in energy spectra that emphasize the vital information pertaining to radioactive materials. We then extracted characteristic features of these energy spectra, relying on the formation mechanism and measurement principles of the gamma-ray instrument spectrum. These features encompassed aggregated counts, peak-to-flat ratios, and peak-to-peak ratios. This methodology not only simplified the interpretation of the energy spectras physical significance but also eliminated the necessity for peak searching and individual peak analyses. Given the requirements of imbalanced multi-classification, we created a detection and identification model using a weighted k-nearest neighbors (KNN) framework. This model recognized that energy spectra of identical radioactive materials exhibit minimal inter-class similarity. Consequently, it considerably boosted the classification accuracy of minority classes, enhancing the classifiers overall efficacy. We also executed a series of comparative experiments. Established methods for radionuclide identification classification, such as standard k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), Bayesian network, andrandom tree, were used for comparison purposes. Our proposed algorithm realized an F1 measure of 0.9868 on the time-series detector response data, reflecting a minimum enhancement of 0.3% in comparison to other techniques. The results conclusively show that our algorithm outperforms others when applied to time-series detector response data in urban contexts.
分类： 核科学技术 >> 辐射物理与技术 提交时间： 2024-05-30
摘要： DD4hep serves as a generic detector de Conversely, Filmbox~(FBX) stands out as a widely used 3D modeling file format within the 3D software industry.In this paper, we introduce a novel method that can automatically convert complex HEP detector geometries from DD4hep de The feasibility of this method was demonstrated by its application to the DD4hep de The automatic DD4hep--FBX detector conversion interface provides convenience for further development of applications, such as detector design, simulation, visualization, data monitoring, and outreach, in HEP experiments.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Yongliang Song
Xianyong Bai
Xu Yang
Wenda Cao
Han Uitenbroek
Yuanyong Deng
Xin Li
Xiao Yang
Mei Zhang
摘要： Solar observations of carbon monoxide (CO) indicate the existence of lower-temperature gas in the lower solar chromosphere. We present an observation of pores, and quiet-Sun, and network magnetic field regions with CO 4.66 {\mu}m lines by the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrograph (CYRA) at Big Bear Solar Observatory. We used the strong CO lines at around 4.66 {\mu}m to understand the properties of the thermal structures of lower solar atmosphere in different solar features with various magnetic field strengths. AIA 1700 {\AA} images, HMI continuum images and magnetograms are also included in the observation. The data from 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation with the Bifrost code are also employed for the first time to be compared with the observation. We used the RH code to synthesize the CO line profiles in the network regions. The CO 3-2 R14 line center intensity changes to be either enhanced or diminished with increasing magnetic field strength, which should be caused by different heating effects in magnetic flux tubes with different sizes. We find several "cold bubbles" in the CO 3-2 R14 line center intensity images, which can be classified into two types. One type is located in the quiet-Sun regions without magnetic fields. The other type, which has rarely been reported in the past, is near or surrounded by magnetic fields. Notably, some are located at the edge of the magnetic network. The two kinds of cold bubbles and the relationship between cold bubble intensities and network magnetic field strength are both reproduced by the 3D MHD simulation with the Bifrost and RH codes. The simulation also shows that there is a cold plasma blob near the network magnetic fields, causing the observed cold bubbles seen in the CO 3-2 R14 line center image. Our observation and simulation illustrate that the magnetic field plays a vital role in the generation of some CO cold bubbles.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Yongliang Song
Xianyong Bai
Xu Yang
Wenda Cao
Han Uitenbroek
Yuanyong Deng
Xin Li
Xiao Yang
Mei Zhang
摘要： Solar observations of carbon monoxide (CO) indicate the existence of lower-temperature gas in the lower solar chromosphere. We present an observation of pores, and quiet-Sun, and network magnetic field regions with CO 4.66 {\mu}m lines by the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrograph (CYRA) at Big Bear Solar Observatory. We used the strong CO lines at around 4.66 {\mu}m to understand the properties of the thermal structures of lower solar atmosphere in different solar features with various magnetic field strengths. AIA 1700 {\AA} images, HMI continuum images and magnetograms are also included in the observation. The data from 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation with the Bifrost code are also employed for the first time to be compared with the observation. We used the RH code to synthesize the CO line profiles in the network regions. The CO 3-2 R14 line center intensity changes to be either enhanced or diminished with increasing magnetic field strength, which should be caused by different heating effects in magnetic flux tubes with different sizes. We find several "cold bubbles" in the CO 3-2 R14 line center intensity images, which can be classified into two types. One type is located in the quiet-Sun regions without magnetic fields. The other type, which has rarely been reported in the past, is near or surrounded by magnetic fields. Notably, some are located at the edge of the magnetic network. The two kinds of cold bubbles and the relationship between cold bubble intensities and network magnetic field strength are both reproduced by the 3D MHD simulation with the Bifrost and RH codes. The simulation also shows that there is a cold plasma blob near the network magnetic fields, causing the observed cold bubbles seen in the CO 3-2 R14 line center image. Our observation and simulation illustrate that the magnetic field plays a vital role in the generation of some CO cold bubbles.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Yi Zhao
Wang-Chen Xue
Shao-Lin Xiong
Yuan-Hao Wang
Jia-Cong Liu
Qi Liuo
Yan-Qiu Zhang
Jian-Chao Sun
Xiao-Yun Zhao
Ce Cai
Shuo Xiao
Yue Huang
Xiao-Bo Li
Zhen Zhang
Jin-Yuan Liao
Sheng Yang
Rui Qiao
Dong-Ya Guo
Chao Zheng
Qi-Bin Yi
摘要： Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a pair of microsatellites (i.e. GECAM-A and GECAM-B) dedicated to monitoring gamma-ray transients including gravitational waves high-energy electromagnetic counterparts, Gamma-ray Bursts, Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters, Solar Flares and Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes. Since launch in December 2020, GECAM-B has detected hundreds of astronomical and terrestrial events. For these bursts, localization is the key for burst identification and classification as well as follow-up observations in multi-wavelength. Here, we propose a Bayesian localization method with Poisson data with Gaussian background profile likelihood to localize GECAM bursts based on the burst counts distribution in detectors with different orientations. We demonstrate that this method can work well for all kinds of bursts, especially for extremely short ones. In addition, we propose a new method to estimate the systematic error of localization based on a confidence level test, which can overcome some problems of the existing method in literature. We validate this method by Monte Carlo simulations, and then apply it to a burst sample with accurate location and find that the mean value of the systematic error of GECAM-B localization is $\sim 2.5^{\circ}$. By considering this systematic error, we can obtain a reliable localization probability map for GECAM bursts. Our methods can be applied to other gamma-ray monitors.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Yi Zhao
Wang-Chen Xue
Shao-Lin Xiong
Yuan-Hao Wang
Jia-Cong Liu
Qi Liuo
Yan-Qiu Zhang
Jian-Chao Sun
Xiao-Yun Zhao
Ce Cai
Shuo Xiao
Yue Huang
Xiao-Bo Li
Zhen Zhang
Jin-Yuan Liao
Sheng Yang
Rui Qiao
Dong-Ya Guo
Chao Zheng
Qi-Bin Yi
摘要： Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a pair of microsatellites (i.e. GECAM-A and GECAM-B) dedicated to monitoring gamma-ray transients including gravitational waves high-energy electromagnetic counterparts, Gamma-ray Bursts, Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters, Solar Flares and Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes. Since launch in December 2020, GECAM-B has detected hundreds of astronomical and terrestrial events. For these bursts, localization is the key for burst identification and classification as well as follow-up observations in multi-wavelength. Here, we propose a Bayesian localization method with Poisson data with Gaussian background profile likelihood to localize GECAM bursts based on the burst counts distribution in detectors with different orientations. We demonstrate that this method can work well for all kinds of bursts, especially for extremely short ones. In addition, we propose a new method to estimate the systematic error of localization based on a confidence level test, which can overcome some problems of the existing method in literature. We validate this method by Monte Carlo simulations, and then apply it to a burst sample with accurate location and find that the mean value of the systematic error of GECAM-B localization is $\sim 2.5^{\circ}$. By considering this systematic error, we can obtain a reliable localization probability map for GECAM bursts. Our methods can be applied to other gamma-ray monitors.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Xiao-Yun Zhao
Shao-Lin Xiong
Xiang-Yang Wen
Xin-Qiao Li
Ce Cai
Shuo Xiao
Qi Luo
Wen-Xi Peng
Dong-Ya Guo
Zheng-Hua An
Ke Gong
Jin-Yuan Liao
Yan-Qiu Zhang
Yue Huang
Lu Li
Xing Wen
Fei Zhang
Jing Duan
Chen-Wei Wang
Dong-Li Shi
摘要： Realtime trigger and localization of bursts are the key functions of GECAM, which is an all-sky gamma-ray monitor launched in Dec 10, 2020. We developed a multifunctional trigger and localization software operating on the CPU of the GECAM electronic box (EBOX). This onboard software has the following features: high trigger efficiency for real celestial bursts with a suppression of false triggers caused by charged particle bursts and background fluctuation, dedicated localization algorithm optimized for short and long bursts respetively, short time latency of the trigger information which is downlinked throught the BeiDou satellite navigation System (BDS). This paper presents the detailed design and deveopment of this trigger and localization software system of GECAM, including the main functions, general design, workflow and algorithms, as well as the verification and demonstration of this software, including the on-ground trigger tests with simulated gamma-ray bursts made by a dedicated X-ray tube and the in-flight performance to real gamma-ray bursts and magnetar bursts.
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