分类: 物理学 >> 核物理学 提交时间: 2023-06-18 合作期刊: 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》
摘要: The eigen-frequencies of the axial w-modes of neutron star described by a super-soft equation of state (EOS) are investigated, by considering the non-Newtonian gravity. The results show that at the same stellar mass, the frequencies of wI and wI2 for our model are lower than that of the typical EOSs (such as APR); and the frequencies increase with the stellar masses, which is contrary to that of the typical EOSs. These characters may provide a probe to testify the super soft symmetry energy and the non-Newtonian gravity in the future. Moreover, our model also has the universal behavior of the mass-scaled eigen-frequencies as a function of the compactness.
分类: 物理学 >> 电磁学、光学、声学、传热、经典力学和流体动力学 分类: 物理学 >> 交叉学科物理及相关领域的科学与技术 提交时间: 2021-09-27
摘要: 磁和磁单极子是物理学中的经典问题。传统磁体通常由刚性材料组成,在回答极端问题时可能面临挑战。这里,我们首次从不同于刚性磁体的导电性流体物质出发,提出通过调控液态金属机器来产生流态化内生磁性并由此构造磁单极子。基于理论解释和概念性实验证据,我们阐明了当溶液中的镓基液态金属在电驱动下发生旋转时,其内部会形成一个内生磁场,这很好地解释了两个这样分离的金属液滴能很容易融合在一起的实验现象,原因在于二者通过各自对应的N极和S极相互吸引。此外,我们还阐明了自驱动型液态金属机器也以一种内生流态化磁体出现且具有电磁同源性;当溶液中的液态镓吞食铝时,会形成一个旋转马达和在体动态变化的电荷分布,从而在内部产生内生磁性;这就解释了运动中的液态金属马达之间经常发生反射性碰撞和吸引性融合的现象,这两种现象分别是由于马达之间N极和S极的动态调整引起的。最后,我们设想可通过这种流态化内生磁体制造磁单极子,并提出了实现这一目标的四条技术路线:1. 匹配液态金属机器的内部流场;2. 基于外电场效应与磁场的叠加效应;3. 借助磁颗粒与液态金属马达之间的复合结构;4. 化学途径,如通过原电池反应。总的来说,本文理论和提供的实验证据揭示了液态金属机器作为流体型内生磁体的机制,并指出了实现磁单极的一些有希望的途径。在不久的将来,在此基础上建立一些非传统型磁电器件和应用是可能的。
分类: 生物学 >> 生物物理学 >> 生物物理、生物化学与分子生物学 提交时间: 2016-05-12
摘要: MutM (Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase, Fpg), a bifunctional base excision repair enzyme (DNA glycosylase/AP lyase), is involved in the repair of many kinds of DNA damage, including the formation of 8-oxoguanine, 5-formyluracil, and C/C mismatches, through recognizing DNA damage and removing damaged bases. The mechanisms of MutM involvement, however, with the exception of 8-oxoG, are poorly understood. Here, we identified proteins which interact with MutM in Mycobacterium smegmatis using methods of tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry and used Far-western and GST pull-down analysis to validate the interactions between MutM and DEAD-box rna helicase, RpsC, and UvrA. Results demonstrated that tandem affinity purification is a suitable method for identifying MutM interacting proteins and provided insights into the mechanism by which MutM is involved in DNA damage repair.
分类: 生物学 >> 生物物理学 >> 生物物理、生物化学与分子生物学 提交时间: 2016-05-12
摘要: The biotin biosynthesis pathway is an attractive target for development of novel drugs against mycobacterial pathogens, however there are as yet no suitable inhibitors that target this pathway in mycobacteria. 7-Keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthase (KAPA synthase, BioF) is the enzyme which catalyzes the first committed step of the biotin synthesis pathway, but both its structure and function in mycobacteria remain unresolved. Here we present the crystal structure of Mycobacterium smegmatis BioF (MsBioF). The structure reveals an incomplete dimer, and the active site organization is similar to, but distinct from Escherichia coli 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase (EcAONS), the E. coli homologue of BioF. To investigate the influence of structural characteristics on the function of MsBioF, we deleted bioF in M. smegmatis and confirmed that BioF is required for growth in the absence of exogenous biotin. Based on structural and mutagenesis studies, we confirmed that pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) binding site residues His129, Lys235 and His200 are essential for MsBioF activity in vivo and residue Glul 71 plays an important, but not essential role in MsBioF activity. The N-terminus (residues 1-37) is also essential for MsBioF activity in vivo. The structure and function of MsBioF reported here provides further insights for developing new anti-tuberculosis inhibitors aimed at the biotin synthesis pathway. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
分类: 生物学 >> 生物物理学 提交时间: 2016-05-11
摘要: Lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification and is known to regulate many eukaryotic cellular processes. Little, however, is known about acetylated proteins in prokaryotes. Here, using immunoblotting, mass spectrometry and mutagenesis studies, we investigate the acetylation dynamics of the DNA repair protein Ku and its relationship with the deacetylase protein Sir2 and the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway in Mycobacterium smegmatis. We report that acetylation of Ku increases with growth, while NHEJ activity decreases, providing support for the hypothesis that acetylation of Ku may be involved in the DNA damage response in bacteria. Ku has multiple lysine sites. Our results indicate that K29 is an important acetylation site and that deficiency of Sir2 or mutation of K29 affects the quantity of Ku and its acetylation dynamics. Our findings expand knowledge of acetylation targets in prokaryotes and indicate a new direction for further research on bacterial DNA repair mechanisms.
分类: 生物学 >> 生物物理学 >> 生物物理、生物化学与分子生物学 提交时间: 2016-05-12
摘要: Pathogenic mycobacteria transport virulence factors across their complex cell wall via a type VII secretion system (T7SS)/early secreted antigenic target-6 of kDa secretion system (ESX). ESX conserved component (Ecc) B, a core component of the T7SS architecture, is predicted to be a membrane bound protein, but little is known about its structure and function. Here, we characterize EccB1, showing that it is an ATPase with no sequence or structural homology to other ATPases located in the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. We obtained the crystal structure of an EccB1-DN72 truncated transmembrane helix and performed modeling and ATP docking studies, showing that EccB1 likely exists as a hexamer. Sequence alignment and ATPase activity determination of EccB1 homologues indicated the presence of 3 conserved motifs in the N- and C-terminals of EccB1-DN72 that assemble together between 2 membrane proximal domains of the EccB1-DN72 monomer. Models of the EccB1 hexamer show that 2 of the conserved motifs are involved in ATPase activity and form an ATP binding pocket located on the surface of 2 adjacent molecules. Our results suggest that EccB may act as the energy provider in the transport of T7SS virulence factors and may be involved in the formation of a channel across the mycomembrane.
分类: 生物学 >> 生物物理学 提交时间: 2016-05-05
摘要: DNA polymerase III (DNA pol III) is a multi-subunit replication machine responsible for the accurate and rapid replication of bacterial genomes, however, how it functions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) requires further investigation. We have reconstituted the leading-strand replication process of the Mtb DNA pol III holoenzyme in vitro, and investigated the physical and functional relationships between its key components. We verify the presence of an alpha beta(2)epsilon polymerase-clamp-exonuclease replicase complex by biochemical methods and protein-protein interaction assays in vitro and in vivo and confirm that, in addition to the polymerase activity of its a subunit, Mtb DNA pol III has two potential proofreading subunits; the alpha and epsilon subunits. During DNA replication, the presence of the beta(2) clamp strongly promotes the polymerization of the alpha beta(2)epsilon replicase and reduces its exonuclease activity. Our work provides a foundation for further research on the mechanism by which the replication machinery switches between replication and proofreading and provides an experimental platform for the selection of antimicrobials targeting DNA replication in Mtb.