Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2023-11-01
Abstract： In a typical SL task, participants are first exposed to a nonsensical artificial language for 5~10 mins and then asked to finish a 2 alternative forced choice task (2AFC). Transitional probabilities (TPs), the core concept in SL, represent the predictably between syllables. In a given artificial language, syllables within a target word occur together more frequently, resulting in higher TPs than those of the syllables that span across word boundaries. The latter is referred to as partwords and consist of lower TPs. After the exposure phase, participants enter the test phase and are presented with a partword and target word in each trial of the 2AFC task. If the accuracy across participants is higher than chance level, it is assumed that learning has occurred. However, studies have also shown that factors other than TPs, such as word token frequency, word length variations (or the lack thereof) also impact SL performance in such tasks. To date, these factors as well as their interactive effects remain under studied.
In the experiment one, we aimed to investigate whether TPs affect SL learning performance when controlling for target words’ and partwords’ token frequencies. In doing so, we created the artificial language by randomizing the order of two trisyllabic words and two disyllabic words. During the 2AFC task, three types of items (target word, partword, and nonword) were paired together, with two items in equal length in each trial. There were 24 trials in the test. 40 native Mandarin monolinguals participated in the experiment; they first listened to the artificial language for 5mins and then finished the 2AFC task. In the experiment two, an artificial language was generated with 10 syllables and presented in exposure phase, to examine whether experiment one’s learning effect came from the TP or participants’ prior language bias.
Results in experiment one showed that the accuracy of all trials was significantly higher than chance (0.5) at the group level, suggesting that participants were able to segment the artificial language of mixed word lengths. Participants were also marginally better at choosing target words over partwords, and partwords over nonwords. To investigate the independent effect of TP in SL, we subset the data by word length and found that participants’ accuracy choosing trisyllabic target words over partwords was marginally lower than their choosing disyllabic target words over partword, which suggests that disyllabic words confer advantage in SL for this group of participants. In addition, participants’ accuracy in choosing trisyllabic partwords over nonwords was significantly higher than that of disyllabic target partwords over nonwords. In the experiment two, there were no significant learning effect in any levels when the statistical information was absent.
A series of results across two behavior experiments highlight the unique contribution from TPs alone, since accuracy was assessed by controlling for word token frequency and word length. Thus, the present study suggests that TP exerts effect on verbal SL performance independent of word token frequency. Further studies should take into account more types of statistical rule such as mutual information and backward TP.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：【目的】公共议题兼具群众性与普遍性，往往引起大众热议。文章主要研究普通网民参与公共议题的动机及主要意义，以及网络水军对公共议题舆论导向的影响，并提出对网络水军治理的合理化建议。【方法】文章从公共议题的形成、网民因素影响，以及网络水军的侵扰三个方面进行深入研究；在网民方面主要研究网民参与公共议题的心理，网民的行为特征分析，以及影响网民行为；在公共议题形成方面，主要研究公共议题的形成及具体意义；在网络水军方面，主要研究网络水军的形成和对公共议题的影响研究等。【结果】总结了净化网络环境，整治网络水军对公共议题影响的具体措施。【结论】网络水军的治理方案亟须建立在充分剖析其危害和行为逻辑的基础上，协调整合各方面的共同努力，还网民一个风清气正的网络交流氛围。
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：科学技术日新月异的发展,新媒体时代网络媒体,对传统媒体带来了很大的挑战。传统媒体要认清形势,理性分析,创新发展,抓住机遇,充分利用自身优势,做到取长补短,找准自己的定位与努力方向,不断提升和充实自己,整合各种优势资源,做到新媒体与传统媒体的有机融合,使传统媒体得到长足发展,立于不败之地,在媒体行业中,不忘初心,继续前行。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-06-23
Abstract： Based on the original data of the ARL 2017-2018 Statistics, this paper selects 116 researchuniversities' total library funding, total collection procurement funding, total collection volume/volume/issuefunding, ranking and the ranking of their corresponding universities in the 2018 Times Higher EducationWorld University Rankings and other data for conduct correlation statistical analysis. The analysis results were positively correlated, Using Pearson, Kendall and Spearman correlation coefficient analysis, andthecorrelation was close. According to the above research results, three suggestions are put forward
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology submitted time 2019-10-10
Abstract： " The accurate perception of lexical tones in Mandarin Chinese is an important foundation for successfully understanding spoken Chinese. Previous behavioral studies have shown that the ability to perceive lexical tones in Mandarin declines in elderly individuals. In addition to other research areas related to language and aging, the central issue in phonetic perception during aging concerns whether perceptual changes related to aging are area-specific or area-general. The area-general language hypothesis of aging assumes that changes in language perception related to aging are caused by a decline in both general sensory perception function and high-order cognitive function. In contrast, the area-specific language hypothesis of aging assumes that changes in aging-related language perception are caused by specific deficits in language processing. Previous studies mostly detected the state of attention and focused on how area-general factors affect the processing of segmental phonemes in elderly individuals. The present study examined neurophysiological responses, particularly that of MMN, to explore whether the aging of lexical tone perception is language-specific for Mandarin. The current study recruited 22 healthy elderly participants (age range: 55.6~79.6 years) and 18 young participants (age range: 22.7~29.0 years). In a passive oddball task, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine Mandarin lexical tone perception. Three syllables from a lexical tone continuum were chosen as stimuli to form an across-category stimulus pair and a within-category stimulus pair for the ERP oddball task. A non-speech stimulus pair was generated on the basis of the within-category stimulus pair. During the experiment, participants were instructed to ignore the presented sounds while watching a self-selected movie. ERP data showed that in the across-category condition, compared with the young group, the elderly group had a smaller MMN, and there was no between-group difference in the within-category condition. In the young group, a non-speech tone elicited a larger MMN amplitude than a speech tone that shared the same pitch contour, while the elderly group did not show a speech enhancement effect. In addition, compared with that of the young group, the amplitude of the MMN elicited by the non-speech contrast in the elderly group was significantly smaller. The results indicated that the general decline in central auditory processing function was not related to the pre-attention processing of lexical tone. In addition, when the level at which the auditory input stimulus could be sensed was controlled according to peripheral hearing abilities, the decline in peripheral auditory function was not related to the preservation of or decline in lexical tone perception in the current study. In the current study, there is no evidence that the age-related decline in area-general factors affects tone perception in the pre-attention condition. On this basis, this study further speculated that the ability of elderly Mandarin-speaking individuals to perceive lexical tone in pre-attention conditions was preserved and only declined for specific languages, and the above-mentioned decline in the processing of knowledge of Mandarin tone category and the wider preservation of the processing of speech tones are language-specific. The present study provides evidence for the area-specific language hypothesis of aging."
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment