Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2023-08-01
Abstract： The preprint platform established by the Chinese Academy of Sciences is not only an effective supplement to scientific journals, but also a special platform for innovation. The exploration for basic scientific principles is of great significance. Einstein said, "Science is not and never will be a finished book." “Every major achievement brings new problems. In any development, new and serious difficulties arise over time.” Einstein's most respected mentor Lorentz said: "Nature is very complex, existing understanding is not the simplest, the most perfect", so "new ideas should be encouraged rather than suppressed by others"; "various basic theoretical approaches should be explored by different researchers at the same time". This paper holds that: neither humble nor overbearing speculation nor realistic questioning are the correct way of original innovation. The ability to be more tolerant of new ideas is a unique advantage of the preprint platform. This paper suggests that the current review system should be changed to a review system for papers that involve the fundamental foundations of physics, and inviting experts in related fields to write a comment for the preprint manuscript will help attract more scholars to participate in the debate. In doing so, it will help build the preprint platform from an online medium to a practical center for "rational questioning, engaging debate, deep thinking and driving innovation."
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2023-06-29
Abstract： Einstein made it very clear that special relativity came from Maxwell electrodynamics; Feynman spoke extreme highly of Maxwell electrodynamics. Since both theories involve electromagnetic fields of uniformly moving charges, it is reasonable and necessary to compare Lorentz transformation with electrodynamics. The results of comparison are as follows: the correct electromagnetic field of uniform moving charge is obtained by electrodynamics without any hypothesis, all the reasoning processes are in line with the accepted logic law and the accepted empirical facts, and the conclusion is rigorous and reliable; Lorentz transformation can also be used to find the electromagnetic field of uniform moving charge, but it uses two assumptions - "the principle of constancy of light speed" and "the principle of relativity", these two assumptions have logical errors, the resulting ruler and clock are virtual mathematical expressions, not real physical space-time.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2023-05-25
Abstract： LIGO and VIRGO have already measured several gravitational waves, it is a historic breakthrough. However, the two optical arms of the interferometer are limited to the ground plane, so it is difficult to obtain the position of the mass source of the gravitational wave in three-dimensional space. In this paper, a three-dimensional detection scheme is proposed, which uses a three-axis interferometer to detect gravitational waves and their mass sources. In this paper, the interference equation of the three-axis interferometer is derived and a new principle of gravitational wave detection is given. According to the equations, the speed of the mass source that excites the gravitational wave and the coordinate of the mass source on the celestial sphere can be determined, which is of great significance for the study of the whole process of the excitation and propagation of the gravitational wave.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2023-05-18
Abstract： In 2015, LIGO detected the first gravitational waves, thought to be the result of two black holes merging，it is a major breakthrough in exploration for a century. The mainstream physical interpretation of the optical path difference recorded by the interferometer is that, due to the polarization characteristics of the quadrupole moment, the two optical arms of the Michelson interferometer are stretched and compressed respectively, resulting in different deformation, and then resulting in the optical path difference. This article proposes a different understanding. We have proved that the electromagnetic wave emitted by a moving source charge is anisotropic and travels at different speeds in different directions. Extending this idea to gravitational waves leads to a natural corollary: retarded gravitational waves from sources of moving mass are anisotropic, that travel at different speeds in different directions, resulting in a wave path difference. This physical picture is natural and clear, which seems more reasonable.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2023-05-04
Abstract： We have proved that the D 'Alembert wave equation in vacuum is derived under the condition that the source and the observer is relatively stationary. Therefore, “the source and the observer is relatively stationary" is a necessary condition for "the principle of constancy of electromagnetic wave speed ". It is inevitable to ask: if there is relative speed between source and observer, what should the propagation speed of electromagnetic wave be? According to the Lienard-Wiechert retarded potential theory, when there is a relative motion between the source and observer, the retarded potential will be related to this relative speed. It is pointed out in this paper that this is equivalent to the change of dielectric constant and permeability in vacuum, becoming equivalent dielectric and equivalent permeability. The calculation shows that the equivalent permittivity and the equivalent permeability are anisotropic in the vacuum with relative motion between source and observer. The result derived in this paper is that the propagation speed of electromagnetic wave is equal to the algebraic sum of the electromagnetic wave velocity at relative rest and the components of the relative motion along the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave. This result accords with the human experience and the accepted logic law. It is natural and reasonable.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2023-04-18
Abstract： The principle of constancy of light speed is the most important hypothesis of special relativity. According to Einstein's scientific law, all theories must conform to empirical facts, therefore, to find an accurate experimental method to measure the speed of electromagnetic field or electromagnetic wave is a major subject in physics. This paper presents an experimental method to measure the speed of magnetic field by electron beams with different energies and magnetometers set in different orientations. The core idea is to find out the corresponding time intervals between the exciting electron and the excited magnetic field. If the measured the difference of the speed of magnetic field is very small, it proves that the velocity of electromagnetic field is indeed independent of the velocity of source charge and source current, the principle of the constancy of light speed is valid, otherwise it proves that the principle of the constancy of light speed is not valid.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> The Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields Subjects: Physics >> Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics submitted time 2023-04-10
Abstract： In this paper, the whole process of derivation of D 'Alembert wave equation is reviewed. The most important step is to derive D 'Alembert wave equations of scalar potential and vector potential by using Gauss's law and Ampere's law. This paper emphasizes that Gauss's law is the differential form of Coulomb's law, where the charge source and the observer are relatively static; In Ampere's law, the carrier of current source and the observer are also relatively static. The conclusion of this paper is that both Maxwell's equations and D 'Alembert's wave equation are equations under the condition of source-observer relative resting, and the constant 'C' in D 'Alembert's wave equation is the propagation speed under the condition of source-observer relative resting in vacuum environment. Under such special conditions, the propagation space of electromagnetic wave is uniform and isotropic, so it is logical that the electromagnetic wave propagates at the same speed regardless of the distance and azimuth between source and observer, and regardless of the absolute motion of the laboratory on which planet the source and observer are located. The electromagnetic wave in vacuum is emitted from the charge source and the current source, and propagates to observers everywhere. The source-observer is relatively static，the propagation space of electromagnetic wave is uniform and isotropic, this is an accurate physical image, which is the physical basis for accurately understanding the principle of the constant speed of light.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Earth Sciences is a multi-disciplinary science, which takes the interaction of Earth’s various spheres and their resources and environmental effects as the research object. As a comprehensive and systematic science that not only expands the frontier of human knowledge but also serves the social and economic development of human beings, Earth Sciences not only studies the past and reveals the evolution history of the Earth, but also faces the future and provides solutions for the sustainable development of human beings. Based on the analysis of the international development trends of Earth Sciences and the summary of the development status and sci-tech funding of Earth Sciences in China, this study proposed that the future development direction and research plan of Earth Sciences in China should be arranged from the perspective of system science and national needs; and from the perspective of the Earth system as a whole, while attention should be paid to the interaction of various spheres and elements in the Earth system and their influence on the social and economic development of human beings. It is extremely necessary to guide the development directions of Earth Sciences research with “Four Orientations”, carry out major scientific research in an organized way, and improve the mechanisms of sci-tech funding and evaluation, so that the research achievements can better serve the national major strategic needs.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Planetary geology is an interdisciplinary subject that develops from astronomy and geology. This subject mainly studies the formation and evolution of solid celestial bodies in the Solar System such as planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, and planetary rings by using the methods of traditional geology. With the development of planetary exploration, the research field of planetary geology has been expanding, covering planetary lithosphere, planetary surface environment, planetary resources, and the evolution of biological or habitable environment. Planetary geology and planetary exploration complement each other: planetary exploration provides an important research basis for the development of planetary geology, and the new discoveries of planetary geology can well promote the implementation of planetary exploration. However, the development of planetary geology in China is still relatively backward, and there are still many shortcomings in the research platform and scientific team. Planetary geology can help us to know the Earth beyond the Earth, promoting the development of Earth science. With the continuous development of planetary exploration, the constraints of planetary geology are becoming more and more obvious, which requires early layout and vigorous development to meet the urgent needs of discipline development and planetary exploration.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Planetary science is the one among the frontiers of science in the world and also is one of the key components of the development strategy of science and technology in China, which reflects the state of national natural science and the comprehensive national strength. In recent years, China’s deep space exploration program has obtained remarkable and world-class achievements, however, the development of the planetary science program has greatly fallen behind. The lack of planetary science as the first level discipline and related education system has greatly limited the development of planetary science in China. Currently, the global influence of China is expanding rapidly, and this is the right time and imperative to establish the first level discipline of planetary science. We believe that we can use the strategy of “high starting point, fast development, wide crossover, deep integration” to establish and develop planetary science program in China, and the program can greatly help the perfection of discipline layout, foster world-class talents in the field, and this is also the only way to transform China’s deep space exploration from big to strong.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： It has been four hundred years since Galileo first used telescope to kick-start the scientific observation of the universe in 1609. In 1959, the Soviet Union’s Luna 2 arrived at the Moon for the first time in human’s history, which started the era of deep space exploration. Ten years after, the United States landed the first astronauts on the lunar surface during the historic Apollo 11 mission in 1969, which led to the born of planetary science. Looking back to the sixty-years’ history of human’s deep space explorations, there were two upsurges of exploration led by the Soviet Union and the United States, respectively. The Soviet Union was leading in the space race in the beginning but they went downhill later on, leaving them a country with strong deep space exploration program only to the past. In contrast, the United States became a country with strong deep space exploration program and has been a leader of the world in the planetary science field since then. Exploring the vast universe is all human being’s dream. As a growing country with rapid developing deep space exploration program, how China paves a way to build a strong planetray science program with China’s characteristics based on Chinese national situation? Here we look into the history, study the present status, and think of future, and we provide authors’ perspectives on this question: vigorously cultivate planetary science talents and realize science leading deep space exploration as soon as possible.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Planetary science is a new and interdisciplinary discipline, which was established during the first upsurge of the international deep space explorations in 1960s—1970s of last century. Planetary science is the scientific study of the fundamental characteristics of planets, moons, and comets in the inner and outer of the solar system as well as their formation and evolution processes. Planetary science research mainly depends on deep space exploration, and it is highly interdisplinary and was built from Earth science, space science, and astronomy. The United States is the first country to build the planetary science discipline and the corresponding education system, and their strategy of science leading the deep space exploration makes them the only country in the world with strong planetary science program. Currently, the international deep space exploration is in the middle of second upsurge, and China’s deep space exploration program is under rapid development and has obtained remarkable and world-class achievements, which makes China a rising star in the field of deep space exploration. However, the planetary science discipline in China is not built yet and we also do not have corresponding education system, which neither matches nor supports China’s deep space exploration strategy. The slow development of the planetary science program has greatly limited China’s potential to become a country with powerful deep space exploration capability and strong planetary science program. Thus, the launching of planetary science program as the first level discipline is extremely urgent. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences together with some other universities have capability and advantages to lead the establishment of the first level discipline of planetary science in China and the corresponding education system, which can serve and lead the future deep space exploration and greatly help to promote China to be a country with strong planetary science program. By comparing the history of the development of planetary science program in the United States, we believe that we should take advantage of the philosophy of "The Fusion of Scientific Research and Teaching" in University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and explore a way with China’s own characteristics to the creation of the first level discipline of planetary science.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Planetary science and deep space exploration under the background of changes unseen in a century have provided young scientists with a golden opportunity. The frontier scientific issues of planetary science and the critical technical challenges of deep space exploration have yet to be explored by young scientists. However, some factors restrict young scientists from devoting themselves to this area. This paper summarizes opportunities and challenges from the perspective of young scientists. It also proposes corresponding policy recommendations, hoping the dream of a powerful country in planetary science and deep space exploration come true with the promoted participation of young scientists.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Poverty alleviation through technology is one of the important means to promote poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas, it helps to promote the continuous development of regional industries and strengthens the “blood-making” function of the industry in tackling poverty. Shuicheng, Guizhou Province is a designated county of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). In recent years, Academician Liu Jiaqi of CAS led a research team with the support and help of local government to conduct in-depth field investigation, and supported the local government to actively promote the development of basalt fiber industry by relying on the abundant basalt resources in Shuicheng. Formed a “ore raw materials - production process - downstream product development” complete chain. Which has improved the important technical support for the local “hematopoietic-mode” industry development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Big data has influenced the way people live and changed the method to understand and research the world. As a typical data-intensive subject, geology is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. In response to these challenges, geologists need not only to improve the traditional methods of research, but also to convert the intrinsic thinking patterns and embrace the big data epoch. The combination of geology and big data greatly expands the cognitive space of geology and improves the ability to acquire new knowledge of geology. At the same time, it provides new vitality for the energy mineral survey, the rational use of environmental resources and the social production and public service, which are supported by geology. On the basis of analyzing the current research status of big data in geology, this paper elaborates the frontier scientific problems of big data research in geology in China, puts forward the strategic target of the development of big data of geology, and probes into the main problems and solutions to the development of the big data of geology. Big data will change the way geologists think. The data-driven scientific discovery model will bring a new look to the development of geology. This paper calls on Chinese geological community to give more attention and support to big data.
Subjects: Energy Science >> Energy Science （General） submitted time 2020-07-31
Abstract： " Geothermal energy plays a key role in helping promote the clean space heating in North China and National energy structure optimization. The sustainable geothermal energy utilization needs the numerical simulation to solve the issues on geothermal resources assessment, strategy optimization and etc., which attracts more and more attention. However, there are no numerical simulation software specializing on geothermal energy exploitation and utilization. As a result, the geothermal managers have to use the numerical software in other fields (Oil, Hydrology and Thermal Engineering etc.). What’s more, the existing software is always hard to operate. Here in this paper, we develop a new software named “Geothermal kits”, which is developed by coupling the geothermal optimal algorithm and open-source numerical simulation software. The ‘Geothemral kits’ software has very friend interface, which could be done by one click. Therefore, it could be easily mastered by the geothermal scientists, managers and engineers with different professional background. The ‘Geothemral kits’ will help solving the problems related to numerical simulation and serve for the sustainable geothermal energy utilization."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics Subjects: Geosciences >> Marine Sciences submitted time 2017-03-23
Abstract：海洋沉积物中天然气水合物的存在与分布与地温条件紧密相关。南海北部陆坡大部分区域更、全新世沉积速率较高，同时局部地区(如神狐天然气水合物钻探区)发育有大量的海底冲蚀谷。这些快速沉积或侵蚀作用可以对地温场及天然气水合物的形成与赋存产生重要影响，然而目前注意到这些问题的研究相对较少。本文中我们结合南海北部陆坡的实际情况，建立了针对地温场发生动态变化时的水合物成藏数值模型。我们给出两个成藏模拟案例，其一是快速沉积的情形，其二是地形遭受侵蚀、产生冲蚀谷时的情形。结果表明，在这两种情形下地温场将发生不同的瞬态调整，并对天然气水合物在地层中聚集及分布产状产生重要影响。在快速沉积发生时，地温梯度将变小，天然气水合物稳定带（HSZ）将增厚；然而当其底界将随着热传递而上升，天然气水合物将不断在原稳定带底界分解，而后在新的稳定带底界处重新生成水合物。这样长时间的快速沉积作用可以造成水合物主要富集在稳定带底界处。而当快速侵蚀作用发生时，地温梯度将变大，天然气水合物稳定带的厚度将变薄，原来位于冲蚀谷处的水合物藏将被侵蚀作用破坏。而后，随着热平衡的发展，逐渐形成新的、类似于似海底反射层的稳定带底界。单纯考虑甲烷扩散作用下，高丰度水合物的形成需要较长的时间，相对而言脊下的水合物成藏较好，形成矿点的概率较大。 The occurrence and distribution of gas hydrate in marine sediments is closely related to the state of geothermal field. The sedimentation rate is relatively high during the Pleistocene and Holocene in the northern margin of the South China Sea. Moreover, there are many erosional canyons at the sea bottom in some local areas. Such fast sedimentation and erosion can greatly affect the geothermal regime and the formation and occurrence of gas hydrate deposits. However, there are few studies that consider such scenarios. In this study, considering the geological reality, we build a numerical reservoir model aimed to simulate the evaluation of the gas hydrate system upon two cases: the fast sedimentation and the development of erosional canyons. The results indicate the geothermal filed and the accumulation and distribution of gas hydrate can be adjusted dynamically when the fast sedimentation or erosion occurs. Under fast sedimentation, the geothermal gradient becomes smaller and the thickness of gas hydrate stability zone (HSZ) becomes larger. However, due to the role of heat transfer, the bottom of HSZ rises upward. This process leads to the hydrate near the previous bottom of HSZ being dissociated and depositing near the bottom of new HSZ. After a long duration, the fast sedimentation will result the formation of hydrate being mainly enriched near the bottom of HSZ. By contrast, when fast erosion occurs, the geothermal gradient increases and the HSZ turn thinner. The gas hydrate deposit system can be partially destroyed by the formation of canyons. A long time is necessary for the recovery of a gas hydrate deposit with significant abundance. Relatively, the deposits under the residual ridges are more possible to be potential “sweet spots”.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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