分类： 核科学技术 >> 核探测技术与核电子学 提交时间： 2024-05-21
摘要： The cooling storage ring (CSR) external-target experiment (CEE) is a spectrometer used in construction to study the properties of nuclear matter inhigh-baryon density regionsat the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL). This study presentsthe design, simulation, manufacturing,and testingof ahalf-size prototype of amulti-wire drift chamber (MWDC) for the CEE. First, theperformance of the MWDCconnected tohome-made electronics was simulated. The results demonstratedthat an energy resolution of 18.5% for 5.9-keVX-rays and a position resolution of 194 um for protons can be achieved bythe current design. Becausethe size of the largest MWDCreached176× 314 cm, a set of 98× 98 cm prototypes was built using the new techniques. The positioning accuracy of the anode wires inthis prototype exceeded20 um. After optimizationusing commercially available electronicdevices, the prototype achievedan energy resolution of 19.7% for a 55FeX-ray source. The CEE-MWDCdetector and electronics were simultaneouslytested. An energy resolution of 22% was achievedfor the 55Fesource;the track residuals were approximately330 umfor the cosmic rays. The results demonstrate that the current design and techniquesmeet the requirementsof the CEE-MWDCarray.
分类： 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间： 2023-07-21
摘要： The Galton board is often used in the classroom as a demonstration experiment for the probability distribution of independent events, The falling particles show normal distribution in the lower slots. However, when many particles fall simultaneously, the influence between the particles cannot be ignored, and the distribution function in demonstration experiments usually deviates from the Gaussian distribution function. In this paper, we use simulation experiments to study the impact of interactions on distribution laws under different rate of flow. We use a simplified model to parameterize $\alpha$ the strength of the interaction, which describes the impact of the particle numbers on direction of particles. The simulation experiment found that the flow rate $N_{sm}$(number of particles falling simultaneously) and the interaction factor $\alpha$ jointly changed the distribution function. After introducing the interaction, the Gaussian distribution and the broadened Gaussian distribution, as well as the combination of multiple Gaussian distributions, cannot fit the experimental data well. The Fermi Dirac distribution unexpectedly conforms to the experiment, which reflects the 'quantum' effect of the classic toy experiment. Particles appear as a whole in a certain place, and the probability is affected by interactions. Probability interpretation and wholeness are the essence of quantum physics. The exclusivity between particles leads to negative Chemical potential in the distribution function, and the temperature parameter increases with the interaction intensity $\alpha$ and flow rate $N_{sm}$. The relations between parameters can be expressed as a conjecture formula within large parameters range.
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