Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究博落回生物碱和茶籽多糖对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及脂质过氧化的影响。选取1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡750羽，随机分为5个组，每组6个重复，每个重复25只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加抗生素（1～28日龄为10 mg/kg抗敌素，29～56日龄为5 mg/kg黄霉素；抗生素组）、茶籽多糖（0.04%；多糖组）、博落回生物碱（1～28日龄为10 mg/kg，29～56日龄为20 mg/kg；博落回组）、茶籽多糖（0.04%）+博落回生物碱（1～28日龄为10 mg/kg，29～56日龄为20 mg/kg；多糖+博落回组）。试验期56 d，分为1～28日龄和29～56日龄2个阶段进行。结果表明：1）1~28日龄时，各组黄羽肉鸡的平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）均无显著差异（P>0.05）。29~56日龄和1~56日龄时，博落回组的ADFI显著高于其他各组（P0.05）。2）28日龄时，与对照组相比，其他各组黄羽肉鸡的血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性和尿素氮（BUN）含量显著降低（P<0.05），血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性极显著降低（P<0.01）；多糖组、博落回组和多糖+博落回组的血清ALP活性极显著低于抗生素组（P<0.01）。56日龄时，与对照组相比，其他各组的血清ALP活性极显著降低（P<0.01），血清LDH活性显著降低（P<0.05）。3）与对照组相比，博落回组黄羽肉鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率、多糖组和多糖+博落回组的腿肌率均显著提高（P<0.05）；与抗生素组相比，博落回组和多糖+博落回组的胸肌率和腿肌率及多糖组的腿肌率均显著提高（P<0.05）；博落回组的胸肌率显著高于多糖组（P<0.05）。肌肉于4 ℃保存2、4、6 d后，与对照组相比，其他各组的肌肉丙二醛（MDA）含量极显著降低（P<0.01）；与抗生素组相比，多糖组、博落回组和多糖+博落回组4 ℃保存2 d后的肌肉MDA含量极显著降低（P<0.01），4 ℃保存6 d后的肌肉MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述，饲粮中添加博落回生物碱和茶籽多糖对黄羽肉鸡的生长性能和血清生化指标均有改善作用，其中，博落回生物碱的作用效果优于茶籽多糖，且二者均能延长鸡肉在4 ℃时的保存时间；这说明博落回生物碱和茶籽多糖均能替代抗生素在肉鸡中的使用，且二者联用与单独添加效果相当
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加茶籽多糖和博落回生物碱对黄羽肉鸡肠道菌群的影响及博落回血根碱的抑菌活性。选取1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡750羽，随机分为5个组，每组6个重复，每个重复25只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加抗生素（1～28日龄为10 mg/kg抗敌素，29～56日龄为5 mg/kg黄霉素；抗生素组）、茶籽多糖（0.04%；多糖组）、博落回生物碱（1～28日龄为10 mg/kg，29～56日龄为20 mg/kg；博落回组）、茶籽多糖（0.04%）+博落回生物碱（1～28日龄为10 mg/kg，29～56日龄为20 mg/kg；多糖+博落回组）。试验期56 d。采用琼脂扩散纸片法和试管液体二倍稀释法分别测定博落回血根碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和巴氏杆菌的抑菌效果和最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果表明：多糖组、博落回组和多糖+博落回组黄羽肉鸡的空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组和抗生素组相比，多糖组、博落回组和多糖+博落回组黄羽肉鸡的空肠内容物中乳酸杆菌数量极显著升高（P<0.01）。博落回血根碱对金黄色葡萄球菌和巴氏杆菌中度敏感，对大肠杆菌低度敏感，对沙门氏菌高度敏感。博落回血根碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌和沙门氏菌的MIC分别为25.00、25.00、12.50和1.56 μg/mL。综上所述，饲粮中添加茶籽多糖和博落回生物碱均能替代抗生素，可有效改善黄羽肉鸡的空肠形态结构，提高空肠中的乳酸杆菌数量，二者联合使用与单独添加效果相当；博落回血根碱对沙门氏菌有较强的抑菌效果，其效果优于青霉素钠。
Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology submitted time 2018-04-02
Abstract： Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease with unknown etiology but high incidence. The objective biomarkers of ASD are urgently awaited to be developed using neuroimaging method including resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI). However, the majority of current R-fMRI studies only examined the static features of brain activity in ASD patients, but neglected the dynamic aspects especially for regional metrics. Furthermore, the concordance of the dynamic regional indices was reported imbedded in human intrinsic brain activity, while it’s abnormality in ASD is largely unknown. Methods In this study, we analyzed R-fMRI data of 480 ASD male patients and 539 healthy male controls (HC) gathered from ASD public database (ABIDE/ABIDE II). We used sliding window method to calculate the dynamics of mainstream regional indices of R-fMRI (amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC), degree centrality (DC) and the correlation with global signal (GSCorr)) and generated the SD statistic maps of these six dynamic regional indices. We performed z-standardization and smoothing on the SD statistic maps. After that, two-sample t-test between the SD statistic maps of ASD group and HC group was performed. We also calculated the concordance of dynamic regional indices for each time point, which is the Kendall's coefficient of the ALFF, ReHo, DC, GSCorr and VMHC maps across voxels. Two-sample t-test between the SD and mean of concordance time series of ASD group and HC group was performed. Results We found a significant increase in the dynamics of ALFF and DC in the lateral frontal cortices in ASD patients as compared to HCs. Dorsal lateral frontal cortex (dlPFC) is a critical brain area for cognitive control and execution network. The abnormal activities in dlPFC indicate the disruption of control execution system and the impairment of relevant cognitive function. In the visual related brain areas, the dynamics of ALFF, DC and ReHo showed a decrease in fusiform gyrus, calcarine and lingual gyrus in ASD patients. Recent studies have indicated that the abnormal face processing in children with autism may be related with the impairment in social cognition of them. The deficits in face information processing of ASD patients may stem from the inflexible intrinsic brain activity in visual processing brain area (especially in fusiform gyrus). After further examining the concordance among these dynamic indices, the mean and SD of concordance of patients with ASD was found to be significantly lower than that of the HCs, demonstrating that the ASD patients’ inferior integration ability for different aspects of brain functions. Conclusion These findings suggest that there exists abnormality in dynamics of spontaneous brain activity and its integration in ASD patients. Dynamic R-fMRI regional indices and the concordance of them could be efficient neuroimaging biomarkers for ASD.
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