Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-09-06
Abstract： Reading and appreciating Chinese classical poetry is a psychological process of readers' aesthetic re-creation. This creative processing targets the artistic YiXiang (意象) constructed by poets through "blending sentiment into scenery", and featuring three psychological processing characteristics: cognitive metaphoricality, emotional loadability, and mutual integration of sentiment and scenery (情景交融). And this creative processing produces the aesthetic Yixiang which has both the objective perceptual representation and readers' subjective thoughts and emotions. Reconstructing artistic Yixiang into aesthetic Yixiang constitutes the core creative processing of reading and appreciating Chinese classical poetry. And its psychological mechanism involves information activation and selective integration in readers' long term memory systems. Specifically, with the support of semantic memory and episodic memory, readers understand the emotion-ladened meaning of Yixiang through semantic association and image construction, and activate corresponding subjective emotional experiences (emotional elements), and generate a situation model of poetry discourse (cognitive elements). On this basis, readers selectively integrate relevant cognitive and emotional elements with their self-related schema in autobiographical memory under an aesthetic goal, thereby establishing novel connections and generating new ideas and concepts. This process is mainly constrained by the novelty of the artistic YiXiang and the readers' capability of creative imagination. This interdisciplinary theoretical study calls on creativity researchers to pay attention to the creative processing on the view of Chinese traditional cultural and focus on the hot-cognitive process of creativity.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Previous empirical research has found the effect of insight on promoting memory retention during problem solving. Furthermore, neuroimaging studies have revealed that the amygdala, which is assumed to be associated with Aha experience, plays an important role in long-term memory of insightful events. While the emotional Aha experience is a key characteristic of insightful problem solving, some researchers emphasized that the core processes in creating insights involve breaking the mental set and forming novel and valuable associations. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the promoting effect of insight on memory have not yet been fully explored. In this study, the paradigm of choice of answers to ChineseChengyu riddles was adopted to investigate how the process of forming novel associations impacts the effect of insight on promoting subsequent memory. Two experiments were conducted in this study. In Experiment 1, the paradigm of choice of answers to ChineseChengyu riddles consisted of two phases. In the learning phase, participants were asked to select the novel and suitable answer to theChengyu riddle from four options; after one week, in the testing phase they were asked to recall the answer that they chose in the learning phase. The novel association and normal association condition were distinguished according to the selections of participants. The paradigm used in Experiment 2 was similar to that of Experiment 1. Additionally, the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used to record the neural activity in the learning phase. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the score of Aha experience in the learning phase and accuracy in the testing phase were significantly higher in the novel association condition compared to the normal association condition. In addition, Experiment 2 showed that the activity in the brain regions related to insight, including the hippocampus, amygdala, middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, were significantly greater in the successful recall compared to the failed recall in novel association condition. Further analysis indicated that successful recall of novel association involved more activity in the right hippocampus compared to the recall of normal association. The current study verified the promoting effect of insight on memory, and indicated that forming novel semantic associations and related activity in the hippocampus may underlie this effect.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： The semantic search during creative thinking refers to the activation process of semantic information in long-term memory involved in creative activities. Influential theory has posited that the semantic activation process in free recall shows spreading activation within semantic networks and is characterized by negative acceleration and clustering. Unlike the free recall, it is necessary to suppress the dominant response and to activate novel and distant information during creative thinking. Therefore, one might expect different semantic search processes during creative thinking, but such a hypothesis has not yet been directly tested. To explore the semantic search process during creative thinking, the present study described the quantitative dynamic characteristics of answer generation in a divergent thinking test using a series of parameters, such as cumulative response distribution and semantic similarity. The experiment employed a within-subject design with the task type (novel V.S. normal) as the independent variable. The experiment included two versions of alternative uses task (AUT): novel and normal AUT. In the novel AUT, participants were asked to report novel and valid uses for the daily-life items presented on the screen as many as possible, while in the normal AUT they were only asked to think of valid uses for objects as many as possible. During the experiment, participants completed two normal AUTs, followed by two novel AUTs. Each AUT lasted for three minutes. The novelty of responses and semantic similarity of responses were scored by participants themselves. The time function of the cumulative number of responses was fitted by the hyperbolic function, and clustering analysis was conducted based on the semantic similarity of responses. The results showed that: (1) The cumulative response distribution in the novel AUT condition were negatively accelerating similar to semantic search during free recall, but the search speed in the novel AUT condition was slower than that of the normal AUT condition. (2) In the novel AUT condition, the semantic similarity between participants’ responses and the questions (i.e., the items) was low and significantly lower than that in the normal AUT condition. (3) The responses in the novel AUT condition showed a significantly lower degree of clustering than that in the normal AUT condition. In the novel AUT condition, the semantic similarity between the clusterable and non-clusterable answers and the questions were low and not significantly different. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the clusterable and non-clusterable answers in terms of novelty. These findings indicated that the semantic search during creative thinking was partly in line with spreading activation theory of semantic search in free call. But the search speed was relatively slower. Furthermore, the novelty requirement prompted the participants to break up the semantic restriction of the item at the initial search and avoid nearby search. The participants tended to generate few idea in each semantic field. However, when it is far away from the item in the semantic field, individuals might generate clustering ideas.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-04-21
Abstract： " " "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2021-01-06
Abstract： Most of the traditional ancient poetry appreciation uses the method of theoretical analysis to analyze the authors and texts of ancient poetry from the perspective of literature. This study is the first to explore the emotional processing mechanism of learners' poetry appreciation. Eye-tracking technology is used to record the eye movement track of readers when they read the whole poem in real time. Starting from the emotional understanding of ancient poetry, the processing process of "cheerful scene" and "sadness scene" in natural reading of the whole ancient poem are investigated. The results showed that the feelings perceived by the learners were consistent with those expressed in the ancient poems, that is, "sorrow in cheerful scene is more obvious when it is written". The results of eye movement also showed that the number of the learners' glances in the negative area of interest was significantly higher than that in the positive area of interest. However, there was no significant difference in the first fixation time between the positive and negative areas. This study is of great significance for constructing the cognitive learning theory of Chinese classical poetry and exploring the effective learning methods of poetry.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2021-01-06
Abstract： Most of the traditional ancient poetry appreciation uses the method of theoretical analysis to analyze the authors and texts of ancient poetry from the perspective of literature. This study is the first to explore the cognitive differences in the appreciation of poetry among learners with different levels of poetry prior knowledge. Eye-tracking technology is used to record the eye-movement track of readers in the process of reading the whole poem in real time. From the perspective of refining words at the text level of ancient poetry, the early and late processing process of natural reading the whole ancient poem is examined. The results show that prior knowledge has a significant influence on the learning effect of poetry. There is no significant difference between different experience learners in the early stage of processing the text of poetry. In the late stage of processing, learners with different prior knowledge have different reading patterns and are influenced by the difficulty of poetry. Specifically, when poetry is less difficult or moderate, the fixation count and return count of "refining words" in poetry in the low poetry experience level group is significantly higher than that in the high poetry experience level group. When poetry was difficult, there was no significant difference in the index of late eye movement between the high and low poetry prior knowledge groups. This study is of great significance for constructing the cognitive learning theory of Chinese classical poetry and exploring the effective learning methods of poetry.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2021-01-06
Abstract： [Objective] Chinese classical poetry is a typical carrier of expressing emotions, in order to explore the influence of clues and prior knowledge on the emotional learning of ancient poetry.[Methods] In experiment 1, subjects were designed with 2 clues (key information clues, secondary information clues) ×2 annotations (with or without annotations).In experiment 2, we further explores whether learners with high or low prior knowledge have differences in emotional learning of Chinese classic poetry.[Results] Key information clues and annotations can improve the accuracy of emotional topic and emotional intensity of ancient poems. Presenting key clues makes the poem more emotionally intense for the less experienced, but there is no significant difference in the intensity of emotion in poetry under different clues.[Limitations] The learning materials of Chinese classic poetry are single.[Conclusions] This study is the first to find out the effect of clues and prior knowledge on the emotional learning of ancient poetry, which provides an empirical research basis for the theoretical construction of emotional processing in ancient poetry.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2021-01-06
Abstract： [Objective] In order to explore the effect of different illustrations of Chinese classical poetry on the learning effects and learning feelings forjunior middle school students.[Methods] In experiment 1, we used "realistic" illustrations, and adopted a mixed experimental design of 2 difficulty (high difficulty, low difficulty) × 3 illustrations (no illustrations, irrelevant illustrations, and related illustrations).In experiment 2, we used "freehand" illustration and adopted the same experimental design as experiment 1.[Results] When the difficulty of ancient poetry is low, students can achieve the level of "poetic understanding" with or without illustrations, but high level of relevant illustrations will promote students' "emotional processing" and "artistic conception generation" (deep) level learning.When the difficulty of ancient poetry is high, the high correlation illustration can only promote students' "poetic understanding" (shallow) level;High correlation "freehand" illustrations improve learning motivation and learning satisfaction. [Limitations] The learning materials of Chinese classic poetry are single.[Conclusions]This study is the first to find the influence of different illustrations on the learning effects and learning feelings for junior high school students, which provides an empirical research basis for the theoretical construction of ancient poetry learning.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-11-11
Abstract： " Due to the characteristics of internal fertilization, human fertilization, to a certain extent, is concealed. Meanwhile, adultery existed in early human society. Therefore, males suffer from the uncertainty that their putative children may not be their biological offspring, which is paternal uncertainty. To cope with this uncertainty, males are unconsciously looking for cues that might indicate a genetic similarity between them and their offspring. Among these cues, the facial resemblance is one of the indirect ways that males could infer if there is a biological connection in terms of fatherhood. Three methods are there to measure facial resemblance, including morph software synthesis, third–party rating, and self-rating. Previous studies have shown that the more similar the facial characteristics between a father and his offspring are, the more paternal resources the father would be willing to invest during parenthood. The less anxious and healthier a father is during parenthood, the higher sexual aversion a father would experience in the relationship with their children. The present research suggested three directions for future studies. First, it is valuable to look at the cultural differences in the impacts of father-child facial resemblance. Second, in order to enhance its internal and external validity, future work can adopt new methods to assess the father-child facial resemblance. Last, it would be an exciting direction to explore the relationship between the subjective assessments and the objective assessments of father-child facial resemblance.
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