Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-07-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to provide a scientific basis for optimum harvest time, the nutrient changes of avocado (Persea americana) fruit during the growth and development were studied. An approach of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ion exchange chromatography derived after ninhydrin column, reflux extraction, burning and GC-MS technique was applied to determine the contents of mineral elements, ash, amino acids, crude fat, and fatty acid composition in three avocado cultivars (‘HASS’, ‘V3’ and ‘V4’), at different growth and development time from June to December. The results were as follows: (1) Oleic acid was the main oil component in the three avocado cultivars. The contents of crude fat in ‘HASS’ and ‘V4’ fruits increased continuously during the growth and development stages, and reached to the maximum on December, while V3 fruit increased continuously from June to October, but decreased in November and December. (2) All fruits of ‘HASS’, ‘V3’ and ‘V4’ contain 17 kinds of amino acids, including 7 essential (THR, MET, VAL, LEU, ILE, PHE, LYS) for human beings, 2 essential (ARG, HIS) for children, and 8 non-essential (PRO, TYR, CYS, ALA, GLY, GLU, SER, ASP) amino acids. The contents of 17 amino acids in ‘HASS’ and ‘V3’ fruits reached to the peak in November, while ‘V4’ fruits reached to the peak in October. (3) All the ‘HASS’, ‘V3’ and ‘V4’ fruits contain 9 mineral elements of P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Na. Among which, the contents of P, K, Zn, Fe and Na accumulated to the maximum in the later stages of growth (October to December), while the changes for the other four mineral elements were not obvious. (4) The variation of ash contents in the three cultivars of avocado was similar to that of the crude fat. It suggests that the three studied avocado cultivars, ‘HASS’, ‘V3’ and ‘V4’, have met the picking requirements since October and can be optimized the harvest time following fluctuations in demand.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-04-13 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Phyllanthus acidus, an evergreen shrub or tree in Euphorbiaceae, is mainly distributed in Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos, etc. It is also introduced and cultivated in Xishuangbanna and Yuanjiang areas of Yunnan Province, China. The fruits are edible and the plant has been widely used to treat various diseases, such as hypertension, asthma, diabetes, dermatitis, fever, smallpox, and so on, by the local people of its growing areas. Moreover，the young leaves are utilized as edible vegetables in Indonesia, Thailand, and India. Phytochemical studies yielded sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenes from the roots and stems, and flavonoids as the major chemical constituents from the leaves. Some components showed obvious anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV), antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-hypertensive activities. For example, parts of the norbisabolane sesquiterpenes displayed potential anti HBV activities, with IC50 values of 0.8-36 mol·L-1 against HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV excreted antigen (HBeAg), and the results indicated that the ketal group at C-5 and sugar moieties at C-13 played important roles to the selectivity of HBsAg and HBeAg. This paper reviewed the research progress of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the plant from 1966 to 2020, in order to provide scientific evidence and reference for its future study, spread, application and development.
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