Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2023-08-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Urban spatial structure is an important part of the research on the regional system of the human-land relationship, and it is also an important starting point for the sustainable development of cities. How to scientifically understand the urban spatial structure in the new era is the basis for optimizing its regulation. This study briefly reviews the historical background of traditional urban spatial structure theory and points out the transformational turn of urban spatial structure in terms of organizational principles, organizational methods, optimization goals and elements through the analysis of technological revolution, policy, and socio-economic environment in the new era, and clarifies the limitations of traditional urban structure theory in explaining urban structure in the new era. This study proposes a path for understanding urban spatial structure in the new era, including reconstructing the research paradigm of urban spatial structure from the theory of human-land territorial system, re-understanding the carrier space of urban spatial structure, strengthening the analysis of urban structure relationship, and innovating the measurement system of urban spatial structure. The key measures to deal with the challenges of urban spatial structure cognition in the future, namely, reconstructing the theory of urban spatial structure, integrating key technologies of urban spatial structure analysis, integrating and apply multi-source data and building a digital twin platform for urban spatial structure optimization and regulation.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Psychological resilience refers to the process of effective and flexible adaptation in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, and other significant sources of stress. It helps the organism restore to a normal physiological and psychological status. Psychological resilience plays a major mediating role in the development of post-traumatic mental illness in individuals. It can predict the negative emotions after stress and determine the adaptation to stress. It has a significant influence on physical and mental health. Previous studies have shown that the hippocampus plays an important role in psychological resilience, and oxytocin may promote psychological resilience by modulating the hippocampus. However, the specific regulation mechanisms of them have not yet been systematically researched and elucidated. This review focuses on the role of oxytocin in the hippocampus on regulating psychological resilience and try to clarify the underlying mechanisms. It can help to further understand the mechanisms of psychological resilience and help to reduce the incidence of post-traumatic mental illness. Hippocampus regulates psychological resilience through the internal and external projection circuits. On the internal circuit of the hippocampus, studies suggest that “entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus-CA3” circus in the hippocampus may improve psychological resilience by reducing the generalization or promoting the extinction of stress-related memory. On the external circuit of the hippocampus, the “dentate gyrus-amygdala-nucleus accumbens” circuit and the “hippocampus-nucleus accumbens” circuit may enhance or reduce psychological resilience by promoting reward and disgust, respectively. There is a opposite effect on psychological resilience from the projection of the hippocampus to nucleus accumbens directly or indirectly. The basolateral amygdala may play a key role. Studies have shown that stress can cause complex interactions among basolateral amygdala, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, so more research is necessary conducted to better understand its specific mechanisms. Oxytocin may regulate the hippocampus through four ways to improve psychological resilience. First, oxytocin promotes the neurogenesis of the hippocampus under stress by acting on the oxytocin receptor at the hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. This can reduce the stress-induced harm. Second, oxytocin reduces the sensitivity of mature neurons in ventral hippocampus to stress by stimulating dentate gyrus neurogenesis. This can enhance the function of “pattern separation” in the dentate gyrus–CA3 circuit and reduce the generalization of stress-associated memory. Third, oxytocin increases the synaptic cell signaling pathway kinase levels on the CA3-CA1 pathway and promotes the ability of adaptation to stress by rescuing stress-induced impairments in NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation of hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. At last, oxytocin interacts with glucocorticoids and catecholamine systems to increase oxytocin release. The oxytocin release can inhibit the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and reduce hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor levels. This protects the structure and function of the hippocampus from glucocorticoid damage and re-establishes brain homeostasis. So, oxytocin can further adjust the stress-related memory and enhance psychological resilience. At the same time, research suggests that oxytocin regulates psychological resilience by affecting the structure and function of the hippocampus, which might differ among individuals of different genders or experiences. In terms of individual diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to combine these factors for reasonable treatment. Besides, the interaction between genes and the environment is also needed to be considered. To improve psychological resilience in a targeted manner, individual characteristics, interpersonal relationships, and emotional support needs to be considered in the treatment of stress-related mental illness. Finally, exploring the neural mechanisms of psychological resilience should be closely integrated with human research and animal research to make up for the deficiencies of each research. Future research should combine various technologies such as human brain imaging and animal neural circuits technologies to determine the fine brain structures and circuits that regulate psychological resilience.
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2020-10-17
Abstract： Psychological resilience refers to the process of effective and flexible adaptation in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats and other significant sources of stress. It helps the organism restore to a normal physiological and psychological status. Previous studies have shown that the hippocampus plays an important role in psychological resilience, and oxytocin may promote psychological resilience by modulating the hippocampus. Studies suggest that entorhinal cortex- dentate gyrus- CA3 circus in the hippocampus may improve resilience by reducing the generalization and regression of stress; dentate gyrus- amygdala- nucleus accumbens and hippocampus- nucleus accumbens circuits may enhance or reduce resilience by promoting reward and disgust respectively. Oxytocin regulates the hippocampus in four ways to improve psychological resilience. In ventral hippocampus, oxytocin reduces the sensitivity of mature neurons in ventral hippocampus to stress by stimulating dentate gyrus neurogenesis; Oxytocin stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis to enhance the function of “pattern separation” in the dentate gyrus–CA3 circuit and reduce the generalization of stress-associated memory; Oxytocin promotes the ability of adaptation to stress by rescuing stress-induced impairments in NMDAR-dependent LTP of hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses; Oxytocin decreases the expression of glucocorticoid receptor in hippocampus to re-establish homeostasis." " "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2017-03-22 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》
Abstract：气候变化对以自然资源为生计基础的农业人口的影响尤为显著。明确农户对气候变化的适应需求，对于制定有效的气候变化适应政策、增强农户的气候变化适应能力非常重要。基于500份农户调查问卷，分析了甘南高原不同区域和不同生计方式农户对气候变化的适应需求，并利用二元logistic回归模型分析了影响农户适应需求的关键因素。结果表明：（1）在适应气候变化过程中，甘南高原农户对基础设施的需求最强烈，对信息和生产技术的需求次之；（2）不同区域农户对气候变化的适应需求存在差异。其中，纯牧区农户和农区农户对基础设施的需求均最强烈，半农半牧区农户对信息的需求最强烈；（3）不同生计方式农户对气候变化的适应需求也存在差异。其中，纯农户对信贷保险的需求最强烈，一兼户和二兼户均对基础设施的需求最强烈；（4）自然资本和物质资本是影响农户对生产技术需求的关键因素，自然资本和人力资本是影响农户对信息需求的关键因素，人力资本和金融资本是影响农户对基础设施需求的关键因素，自然资本、人力资本、金融资本、物质资本和社会资本均是影响农户对信贷保险需求的关键因素。提出了提升农户适应气候变化能力的政策建议。
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