Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Over the long course of evolution, in order to cope with the threat of pathogens, both animals and humans have evolved complex disease defense mechanisms, one of which is known as the behavioral immune system. The behavioral immune system is a complex suite of cognitive, affective, and behavioral mechanisms that ultimately help prevent pathogen transmission in the face of recurrent infectious disease threats. It functions by detecting threat-relevant cues in the environment and activating disgust-related responses aimed at diminishing those threats. However, in modern times, with advanced medical technology, the behavioral immune system may not always be beneficial to human disease control behaviors. Previous studies have found that, the social strategies that are designed to avoid infection in ancient times may lead to more serious health problems (e.g., the damage to the cardiovascular system) in modern society. These studies suggest that the behavioral immune system may be evolutionary mismatch in the modern and complex medical environment, which may have negative effects on our medical-seeking behavior. Therefore, we hypothesized that, in modern society, the activation of behavioral immune system will affect individuals' medical-seeking tendency, making individuals display more negative attitudes towards health-care and become more likely to delay their medical-seeking. This hypothesis was systematically tested by three different studies. In these studies, we used a well-validated medical-seeking attitude questionnaire and a computerized patient delay task to measure the individuals' medical-seeking tendency. Specifically, in Study 1A (223 participants) and Study 2A (218 participants), we investigated the relationship between trait activation level of behavioral immune system and individuals' medical-seeking tendency by employing the scales of Disgust Scale-Revised Chinese and Perceived Vulnerability to Diseases. In Study 1B (198 participants) and Study 2B (174 participants), we situationally activated the behavioral immune system by asking the participants to watch disease-salient primes in order to investigate the effects of external disease cues on the medical-seeking tendency. In Study 3, we investigated that whether the effects of the activation of behavioral immune system on the medical-seeking attitude and tendency were mediated by the perception of the risk of hospital infection. The results showed that: 1) core disgust negatively predicted the attitude of participants toward medical- seeking; 2) core disgust positively predicted the tendency of participants to delay medical-seeking; 3) situationally activating the behavioral immune system significantly affected the attitude of participants toward medical- seeking and the tendency of participants to delay medical-seeking, participants were found to be more likely to have a negative attitude toward medical-seeking and delay their medical-seeking after watching the disease- salient primes; 4) the perception of the risk of hospital infection mediated the relationship between the activation of behavioral immune system and medical-seeking attitude and tendency, participants who had higher core disgust or received disease-salient primes were more likely to perceive the medical-seeking situations as infectious, which subsequently led the participants to adopt more negative attitudes toward medical-seeking and to display stronger patient-delay tendency. These results support our hypothesis, suggesting that the ancient behavioral immune system may have a negative effect on the medical-seeking behavior in contemporary society. These results are consistent with the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis and provide a new theoretical perspective for the further understanding of the medical-seeking behavior of modern humans.
Subjects: Mathematics >> Statistics and Probability submitted time 2022-05-12
Abstract：
Let Zn be a supercritical branching process in an independent and identically distributed random environment. We establish nonuniform Berry-Esseen bounds for the process Zn, which refine the Berry-Esseen bound of Grama et al. [Stochastic,Process.,Appl.,127(4),1255-1281,2017]. We also discuss an application of our result to constructing confidence interval for the criticality parameter.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology submitted time 2022-02-27
Abstract：
Over the long course of evolution, in order to cope with the threat of pathogens, both animals and humans have evolved complex disease defense mechanisms, one of which is known as the behavioral immune system. The behavioral immune system is a complex suite of cognitive, affective, and behavioral mechanisms that ultimately help prevent pathogen transmission in the face of recurrent infectious disease threats. It functions by detecting threat-relevant cues in the environment and activating disgust-related responses aimed at diminishing those threats. However, in modern times, with advanced medical technology, the behavioral immune system may not always be beneficial to human disease control behaviors. Previous studies have found that, the social strategies that are designed to avoid infection in ancient times may lead to more serious health problems (e.g., the damage to the cardiovascular system) in modern society. These studies suggest that the behavioral immune system may be evolutionary mismatch in the modern and complex medical environment, which may have negative effects on our medical-seeking behavior. Therefore, we hypothesized that, in modern society, the activation of behavioral immune system will affect individuals' medical-seeking tendency, making individuals display more negative attitudes towards health-care and become more likely to delay their medical-seeking.
This hypothesis was systematically tested by three different studies. In these studies, we used a well-validated medical-seeking attitude questionnaire and a computerized patient delay task to measure the individuals' medical-seeking tendency. Specifically, in Study 1A (223 participants) and Study 2A (218 participants), we investigated the relationship between trait activation level of behavioral immune system and individuals' medical-seeking tendency by employing the scales of Disgust Scale-Revised Chinese and Perceived Vulnerability to Diseases. In Study 1B (198 participants) and Study 2B (174 participants), we situationally activated the behavioral immune system by asking the participants to watch disease-salient primes in order to investigate the effects of external disease cues on the medical-seeking tendency. In Study 3, we investigated that whether the effects of the activation of behavioral immune system on the medical-seeking attitude and tendency were mediated by the perception of the risk of hospital infection.
The results showed that: 1) core disgust negatively predicted the attitude of participants toward medical-seeking; 2) core disgust positively predicted the tendency of participants to delay medical-seeking; 3) situationally activating the behavioral immune system significantly affected the attitude of participants toward medical-seeking and the tendency of participants to delay medical-seeking, participants were found to be more likely to have a negative attitude toward medical-seeking and delay their medical-seeking after watching the disease-salient primes; 4) the perception of the risk of hospital infection mediated the relationship between the activation of behavioral immune system and medical-seeking attitude and tendency, participants who had higher core disgust or received disease-salient primes were more likely to perceive the medical-seeking situations as infectious, which subsequently led the participants to adopt more negative attitudes toward medical-seeking and to display stronger patient-delay tendency.
These results support our hypothesis, suggesting that the ancient behavioral immune system may have a negative effect on the medical-seeking behavior in contemporary society. These results are consistent with the evolutionary mismatch hypothesis and provide a new theoretical perspective for the further understanding of the medical-seeking behavior of modern humans.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2021-01-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为研究补水过程中新疆黏土的冻融特征，于室内开展单向冻融模型试验，分析非饱和黏土单向冻融过程中温度、冻胀量、融沉量的时空变化规律。结果表明：冻融量随温度的变化而变化；冻融初期，温度变化较快，冻胀/融沉量开始产生并逐渐增大；冻融后期，温度变化减慢并趋于稳定。两种条件下融化时长均短于冻结时长，初始含水率越大的土样，冻融历时、冻结/融化深度及冻胀/融沉量越大。研究结果表明：初始含水率的不同会导致水冰之间的相变差异及土体水热的变化，从而造成冻融过程中温度场和冻融量不同。此研究所得出的冻融温度场、冻结/融化锋面和冻胀/融沉量的变化规律，可为寒旱区水利工程的设计、修建及运营维护提供理论参考。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同的蒸汽压片玉米与粉碎玉米比例对鲁西阉黄牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分的影响。选取48头21月龄左右的鲁西阉黄牛[体重（459.6±10.3） kg]，按照体重随机分为4组，每组12头牛，分别分配至3个围栏中进行饲养，每个围栏4头牛。4组试验牛饲喂4种不同的饲粮，分别为SFC0、SFC33、SFC67、SFC100，代表饲粮中蒸汽压片玉米替代粉碎玉米的比例分别为0、33%、67%和100%，饲粮中玉米含量为35.85%。试验期共180 d，分为2个阶段，第1阶段共84 d，包括14 d的预试期和70 d的正试期，试验结束后对生长性能进行测定；第2阶段共96 d，对肉牛进行育肥，试验结束后对屠宰性能和肉品质与常规化学成分进行测定。结果显示：SFC100组的平均日增重（ADG）较SFC67、SFC33和SFC0组分别提高了14.95%、25.77%和38.20%，且SFC100、SFC67和SFC0组之间具有显著差异（P0.05）。此外，随着饲粮中蒸汽压片玉米替代比例的增加，肉牛的终末体重、ADG、眼肌面积和大理石花纹等级呈线性增加（P<0.05），而料重比和屠宰率则呈线性降低（P<0.05）。由此可见，在饲粮中使用蒸汽压片玉米全部替代粉碎玉米可以在不影响屠宰性能和肉品质的基础上，显著提高鲁西阉黄牛的ADG和饲料转化效率，并在一定程度上能够提高优质牛肉切块的质量等级。
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