Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Cooperative behaviour is important for the sustainable development of human being. The underpinning mechanisms of the display and maintenance of this behaviour are, however, vastly unknown. These under-researched questions have attracted the attention of researchers in psychology, biology, economics, and neuroscience. In everyday life, cooperation is a complicated decision involving the cognitive perception of other peoples’ state of mind, emotion and behavioral intention during the interpersonal interaction. Cooperative behaviour happens in both individual and group levels. Besides motivated by economic reasons such as rewards and punishments, individuals may also cooperate because of social reasons, such as, trust and positive emotion. Social mindfulness means people notice and protect other’s autonomous needs in the process of interpersonal interactions. Social mindfulness is a crucial way to enhance other people’s positive emotion and establish interpersonal relationships. It provides a new perspective in the investigation of the dynamic processes underlying cooperative behaviour. Whether individuals will contribute more to the group depends on their experiencing of positive emotion in interpersonal interaction. The present research aims to investigate this process through two game experiments conducted in real contexts of interpersonal interaction. This research revealed how and why the people’s social mindfulness would influence recipient’s cooperative behaviour through positive emotion. Experiment 1 was in a between-subject design with people’s social mindfulness manipulated in a “selection of goods” game and the recipient’s positive emotion assessed after the game. The recipients participated in a public goods game and the amount of contribution served as an indicator of their cooperative behaviour. The results showed that recipients experiencing high social mindfulness in the “selection of goods” game reported more positive emotion and less negative emotion. More importantly, they were willing to contribute more resources in their subsequent public goods game. Positive emotion mediated the relation between perceived social mindfulness and cooperative behaviour. Based on the results in Experiment 1, we further examined the role of autonomous needs in the relation of social mindfulness and positive emotion in Experiment 2. In this experiment, the level of autonomous needs were manipulated by asking participants to select the amount of help they would like their opponents to give card selection game. The results showed that positive emotion mediated the relation between perceived social mindfulness and cooperative behaviour. Moreover, autonomous needs moderated the link of perceived social mindfulness and positive emotion. Specifically, as compared to those with low autonomous needs, recipients with high autonomous needs experienced less positive emotion when their needs were not satisfied. In conclusion, the present research demonstrates that positive emotion is an important mechanism which helps convey people’s social mindfulness and results in recipient’s cooperative behaviour. The satisfaction of autonomous needs is the basic reason obtaining positive emotion experience. These findings expanded the research on cooperative behaviour and provide evidence on the development of social mindfulness. The present findings shed light on daily decision and management on issues such as: (1) selecting right time to express social mindfulness; (2) enhancing employees’ well-being through social mindfulness; and (3) training employees’ social mindfulness and the helping them establish an “other people oriented” cognitive style.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在探求不同热处理对豆渣碳水化合物分子结构的影响及其与营养价值、瘤胃降解特性的相关关系。本试验采用常规化学分析方法并结合康奈尔净碳水化合物-净蛋白质体系（CNCPS）和尼龙袋技术对不同热处理的豆渣进行营养价值评定，并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术（FTIR）分析豆渣碳水化合物分子结构的变化，进而探求它们之间的相关关系。结果表明：1）热处理使豆渣的营养价值和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）瘤胃降解率降低。2）不同热处理对豆渣碳水化合物分子结构中结构性碳水化合物（STCHO）、纤维复合物（CELC）、总碳水化合物（CHO）的峰面积以及3个峰面积中相应的峰高均有显著影响（P<0.05）。3）STCHO与CHO的峰面积比，以及总碳水化合物中的峰高比可以有效地估测不同热处理豆渣的营养价值和NDF瘤胃降解参数的含量。综上所述，不同热处理对豆渣碳水化合物分子结构、营养价值和NDF瘤胃降解率均有影响，不同热处理豆渣中碳水化合物分子结构与其营养价值、NDF瘤胃降解特性之间存在相关关系，初步证明利用FTIR光谱技术得到的豆渣光谱信息能直接反映其热损害程度。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在验证美拉德反应中间产物糠氨酸含量与不同程度热加工干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）的瘤胃降解特性及瘤胃非降解蛋白质的小肠消化率之间存在相关性并建立回归方程，并与酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质作为饲料热处理敏感指标进行比较。试验采用高效液相色谱法测定不同热处理DDGS中糠氨酸含量，采用尼龙袋法测定干物质和粗蛋白质瘤胃降解特性并采用改进的三步体外法测定瘤胃非降解蛋白质的小肠消化率，分析两者之间相关性并建立回归方程。结果表明：1）随着加热程度的增加，DDGS中糠氨酸和酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质含量显著增加（P＜0.05），干物质和粗蛋白质瘤胃有效降解率及瘤胃非降解蛋白质的小肠消化率降低，且不同处理之间存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。2）糠氨酸与酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质含量均与干物质和粗蛋白质瘤胃培养可溶部分（r=-0.72 vs. -0.60；r=-0.60 vs. -0.51）、不可降解部分（r=0.96 vs. 0.84；r=0.96 vs. 0.85）、有效降解率（r=-0.62 vs. -0.51；r=-0.72 vs. -0.61）以及瘤胃非降解蛋白质的小肠消化率（r=-0.52 vs. -0.57）存在显著相关性（P＜0.05），并可建立回归预测方程。3）糠氨酸含量较酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质含量与瘤胃降解特性具有更高的相关性，二者与瘤胃非降解蛋白质的小肠消化率、总可消化蛋白质含量之间的相关性相似，但糠氨酸含量与小肠可消化蛋白质含量具有更高相关性（r=0.67）。不同热处理DDGS中糠氨酸含量与瘤胃降解特性和小肠消化率存在相关关系，并可建立回归方程。糠氨酸含量较酸洗洗涤不溶蛋白质含量更适合作为评价饲料热加工程度的关键指标。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：奶牛体况评分（BCS）是反映奶牛能量蓄积程度、营养状况和营养管理水平的实用工具。目前，国内外奶牛生产现场以触摸和目测的人工方法测量BCS，这些方法主观性强，虽然最新的研究利用折叠量角器可以有效测量BCS，但总体上，仍然具有稳定性和准确性差的缺点。现在，最新研究由超声波成像技术和图像信息系统替代人工方法。超声波测定显示，BCS每增加1分，奶牛尻部厚度就会增加10 mm；而图像信息系统在奶牛BCS方面有较好的应用，不同相机类型可以满足多种生产需求，可见光相机以分析动物轮廓为主要依据，热成像相机通过接收和测量物体表面的红外辐射作为BCS的判断依据，而深度相机可以提取奶牛背部更多细节信息从而提高准确率。在奶牛生产中，应该更加关注奶牛泌乳后期及干奶期的BCS，该时期的BCS过高会增加疾病和繁殖障碍的风险，BCS过低则会使奶牛泌乳初期处于能量负平衡状态。因此，合理的方法加上科学的管理，可以使BCS成为奶牛生产中不可缺少的实用工具
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