Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2024-04-24
Abstract： How to differentiate the diagnosis of depression and bipolar disorder has always been an important problem that needs to be solved urgently in clinical practice. In this study, from the perspective of urine proteomics, urine samples of similar age were collected from two hospitals to investigate the candidate biomarkers for differentiating the diagnosis of depression and bipolar disorder using both group analysis and one-to-many analysis. The experimental results of the paired group analysis showed that 108 differential proteins were identified in the depressed group compared to the bipolar group under strict screening conditions with screening criteria of FC ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5 and a two-tailed unpaired t-test of P < 0.01, with an average of 3.7 randomly generated differential proteins, and a confidence level of 96.6 % for the correlation between these proteins and the disease difference. In the one-to-many analysis, 24 differential proteins were co-identified by the samples of 13 depressed patients, 16 of which showed a completely consistent trend of expression changes in all depressed patients studied, and 6 of which were associated with immunoglobulins; 41 differential proteins were co-identified by the samples of 12 depressed patients out of 13, and 19 of which showed a completely consistent trend of expression change in the These results reflect the strong consistency of differential proteins between the two groups of patients. 12 or more samples from depressed patients were enriched for differential proteins related to multiple biological processes and signaling pathways associated with the immune system, which is consistent with previous studies: immune mechanisms may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of major depression and that drugs with major immune targets can improve depressive symptoms. In the future, it may be possible to observe the immune status of patients with depression to provide direction and basis for the precise treatment of depression. The results of this paper show that urine proteomics can differentiate between depression and bipolar disorder, suggest possible mechanisms and potential targets for the treatment of depression and bipolar disorder, and provide a tool for future differential diagnosis and precision treatment of the diseases.
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Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2024-01-20
Abstract： Do rats have corresponding changes in their urinary proteome when smelling odors? Do sniffing different odors produce different changes? In this study, urine samples were collected from six rats after smelling sesame oil and essential balm for three days, and on the third and fourth days, and the samples were analyzed in groups and single before and after comparisons using LC-MS/MS technology. The identified differential proteins were also compared with those produced by the growth and development of rats of the same age group to exclude the influence of growth and development on the results of this experiment. The experimental results showed that comparing the urine protein groups of Day0 and Day4 of the sesame oil group, 143 differential proteins could be identified after screening, and the average number of randomly generated differential proteins was 7.32, at least 94.88% of the differential proteins were not randomly generated. Upon comparative analysis in groups and singly before and after, the same odor showed more consistent changes, and differential proteins such as low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 and fetuin B, a biomarker of COPD, which are associated with olfactory production, were identified in the sesame oil group, while uteroglobulin, trichothecene factor 3, and visfatin 2 were identified in the essential balm group, which had significant changes and were related to the production of olfactory sensation. It is noteworthy that we identified odor-binding protein 2A again in the essential balm group, simultaneously present in the differential proteins produced by a single before-and-after comparison in four rats, which is consistent with the results presented in the e-cigarette model. This study demonstrates that odor affects the urinary proteome of rats, with different odors affecting it differently. This provides a new approach to explore the biological process of olfaction.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology submitted time 2024-01-09
Abstract： Video game addiction manifests as an escalating enthusiasm and uncontrolled use of digital games, yet there are no objective indicators for gaming addiction. This study employed mass spectrometry proteomics to analyze the proteomic differences in the urine of adolescents addicted to gaming compared to those who do not play video games. The study included 10 adolescents addicted to gaming and 9 non-gaming adolescents as a control group. The results showed that there were 125 significantly different proteins between the two groups. Among these, 11 proteins have been reported to change in the body after the intake of psychotropic drugs and are associated with addiction: Calmodulin, ATP synthase subunit alpha, ATP synthase subunit beta, Acid ceramidase, Tomoregulin-2, Calcitonin, Apolipoprotein E, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Heat shock protein beta-1, CD63 antigen, Ephrin type-B receptor 4, Tomoregulin-2. Additionally, several proteins were found to interact with pathways related to addiction: Dickkopf-related protein 3, Nicastrin, Leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 4, Cerebellin-4. Enriched biological pathways discovered include those related to nitric oxide synthase, amphetamine addiction, and numerous calcium ion pathways, all of which are associated with addiction. Moreover, through the analysis of differentially expressed proteins, we speculated about some proteins not yet fully studied, which might play a significant role in the mechanisms of addiction: Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons protein, Cysteine-rich motor neuron 1 protein, Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2, Immunoglobulin superfamily member 8. In the analysis of urinary proteins in adolescents addicted to online gaming, we identified several proteins that have previously been reported in studies of drug addiction.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Molecular Biology submitted time 2023-05-05
Abstract： Urine proteome can reflect how short-term changes in growth and development of animal organisms and whether short-term developmental effects on urinary protein need to be considered when performing urine marker studies using animal models built with faster growing periods? In this study, urine samples were collected from 10 Wistar rats aged 6-8 weeks 3 and 6 days apart and analyzed using a non-labeled quantitative proteomics technique with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that urine proteome could sensitively reflect the changes of short-term growth and development in rats. For example, comparing the urine proteome of Day0 and Day6, 195 differential proteins could be identified after screening (FC ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 0.67, P < 0.05), and verified by randomization, the average number of randomly generated differential proteins was 17.99, and at least 90.77% of differential proteins were not randomly generated. This demonstrates that the differential proteins identified by the different time points contrast are not randomly generated. According to differential protein GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis, a large number of biological processes and signaling pathways related to growth and development were enriched, which provided the basis for urine proteome to reflect the short-term growth and development of rats, provided a means for in-depth and meticulous study of growth and development, and also provided an interfering factor that needs attention for animal experiments using 6-8-week-old rats to construct models. The results of this study demonstrated that the urinary proteome could see the difference of urinary protein in rats aged 6-8 weeks only 3-6 days apart, which broadened the sensitivity boundary of urinary proteomics and showed the sensitive and precise characterization ability of urinary proteome to body changes.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2023-01-13
Abstract： In this study, we constructed a rat e-cigarette model and collected urine samples before, during, and after e-cigarette smoking in rats, that is, on days 0, 3, 12, 15, and 17, to explore e-cigarettes from the perspective of urine proteomics. In order to exclude the influence of individual differences, the experiment used a single rat before and after control for analysis, while the control group was set up to rule out differences caused by rat growth and development. The results showed that after smoking e-cigarettes under the same conditions, the differential proteins produced by rats had strong individual differences. We found that six experimental rats combined before and after controls identified fetuin-B, a biomarker of COPD, and annexin A2, which is recognized as a multiple tumor marker, among the differential proteins produced by rats on day 3 of e-cigarette smoking. Odorant binding proteins expressed in the olfactory epithelium were also found to be present in the urine proteome and were significantly upregulated in this study. We also found evidence that smoking e-cigarettes affects the immune system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, etc. in both the resulting differential proteins and enriched signaling pathways, providing clues for further exploration of the mechanism of e-cigarettes on the human body.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2022-09-20
Abstract： The fear of startle is generated in the brain, and urine proteomics was used to explore whether this fear can be detected in the urine. The combination of natural enemy odor and sound stimulation were used to establish a rat model of startle. Urine samples were collected before and after startle and proteomic analysis was performed. The results showed that 22 differential proteins were identified after startle, and the biological pathways enriched in these differential proteins were related to neurotransmitter transport and glucose transmembrane transport, which may be the manifestations of nervous tension caused by startle. Before-after study in single rat was performed and found that there was one differential protein identified samely in five rats, in addition, 19 differential proteins were identified samely in four of five rats, and these proteins were associated with the change of nerve, motion, metabolism and blood pressure, which include catalytic subunits and regulatory subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase, which realted to the function of startle. These results laid the foundation for the research of startle mechanism, and to find medicine for the treatment of psychological terror target provides a new method. At the same time, it fully illustrates the sensitivity of urine and opens up a new field for the exploration of urine.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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