Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Intertemporal decision-making refers to the phenomena that people always give less weight to future gains and losses than recent gains and losses. Although controversial, Mischel and colleagues had demonstrated that children with higher delay gratification ability had higher academic achievement later in life through the famous “Marshmallow Experiment”. Both delay gratification and inter-temporal choice deal with the decision-making behavior over time. Previous studies had discovered three neural network systems that support intertemporal decision making in the adult brain, but few evidences had been reported in children. These brain network systems were mainly located in the frontal cortex, which developed rapidly in children and adolescents. The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive survey for understanding the dynamic development of inter-temporal decision-making in children and adolescents in mainland China within the critical period of the inter-temporal decision-making by cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Neuroimaging data will also be collected to examine the relationship between intertemporal decision-making development and brain mutation, with a special focus on the prefrontal-striatum neural network. Finally, a model with multimodal neuroimaging and behavioral fusion would be proposed to predict the inter-temporal decision-making ability. These evidences would provide services for parents, schools, as well as the society to cultivate and improve the intertemporal decision-making ability in children and adolescents.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-03-02
Abstract： Located deep in the lateral sulcus, the insula has a wide range of functions. Existing literature has revealed that structural changes and functional connectivity abnormalities in the insula are associated with addictive behaviors. Therefore, how stimulations in the insula could lead to changes in addictive behaviors becomes the focus of ongoing research. The current paper reviews findings on the structural changes and abnormal functional connections of the insula associated with addiction and summarizes the related studies on insula treatment through brain stimulation intervention. Future studies should investigate the specific roles of subdivisions of the insula in addiction with a combination of multiple methods, further explore the commonality and characteristics of different types of addiction, and eventually lead to more effective intervention programs."
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： 决策是每个人每天都会进行的活动。二择一时, 有人择一而终, 有人变换不定。这种个体差异可能与坚持性人格和认知灵活性有关。本研究旨在探讨这种行为特征背后的认知神经机制, 以便进一步理解决策变换中存在的个体差异。本研究采用了单变量和多变量体素形态学分析的方法分析了350名大学生(其中女性194人, 平均年龄19.97岁)在随机猜牌任务中的换牌频率与大脑灰质体积的相关情况, 探讨了坚持性人格特质和认知灵活性与换牌频率的关系, 并考察了两者在大脑灰质体积与换牌频率中的中介作用。单变量和多变量体素形态学分析结果都表明, 左侧后扣带回、右侧额中回、右侧额极和右侧脑岛区域的灰质体积可以预测被试的换牌频率; 坚持性人格和认知灵活性在其中起到了中介作用。这些结果阐释了换牌频率个体差异的认知机制和神经基础, 对理解为何有的人一味坚持, 而有的人灵活变换背后的原因提供了理论基础, 同时为开发改善非理性决策行为的方法提供了重要的参考价值。
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