Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-03-01 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： To address the challenges of fresh water shortage and soil quality decline in northern Xinjiang, a field experiment was conducted, investigating the effects of different irrigation water salinity levels and biochar application on the soil hydrothermal conditions, soil salinity, and cotton growth in cotton fields. Four biochar application levels (B0: 0 t·hm- 2, B1:20 t·hm- 2, B2:40 t·hm- 2, B3:60 t·hm- 2) and three irrigation water salinitylevels (S1:1 g·L- 1, S2:3 g·L- 1, S3:5 g·L- 1) were established. A two-factor completely randomized combination test was used to analyze the effects of these treatments on soil water and salt temperature distribution, cotton growth index, dry matter accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency. The findings indicated that increased biochar and irrigation water salinity levels raised soil water and salt content. Higher biochar application increased the average soil temperature, while irrigation water salinity notably influenced the average soil temperature (P <0.01). B2S2 treatment increased the cotton plant height, leaf area index, and aboveground dry matter. Optimal yield and water use efficiency occurred in the B2S2 treatment. In contrast, the B0S3 treatment displayed the lowest values, 18.50% and 26.87% lower in yield and water use efficiency, respectively, compared to the B2S2 treatment. A multiple regression equation, combined with normalization and spatial analysis, was established. The optimal biochar amount and irrigation water salinity range based on cotton yield and water use efficiency were 26-46 t·hm-2 and 2.45-3.04 g·L-1, respectively.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2023-12-16 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： This study used yield and water and fertilizer usage efficiency as targets to explore a magnetized water fertilization system suitable for tomato processing via drip irrigation under film. Four magnetized water samples with an intensity of 0 Gs (M0), 2000 Gs (M1), 3000 Gs (M2), and 4000 Gs (M3) as well as three nitrogen application levels of 200 kg N·hm−2 (N1), 250 kg N·hm−2 (N2), and 300 kg N·hm−2 (N3) were set up, and a split zone test design was adopted. Field experiments were conducted. By monitoring the soil moisture content, plant height, stem diameter, and above- ground biomass during the growth period of processed tomatoes, combined with the final yield index, the effects of magnetic nitrogen combination on the water and fertilizer usage efficiency of processed tomatoes were explored. The results showed that magnetized water drip irrigation significantly increased soil moisture content and soil water storage. Magnetic nitrogen coupling was also shown to significantly increase the soil moisture content in the 20- 40 cm soil layer. When the magnetized water intensity was 2270-3678 Gs and the nitrogen rate was 220-230 kg·hm-2, the growth of processed tomatoes was promoted. However, when the magnetization intensity was greater than 4000 Gs and the nitrogen rate was more than 250 kg · hm- 2, the growth of processed tomatoes could not be further improved. As magnetization was increased, the yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency of processed tomatoes increased before decreasing. As the nitrogen application rate was increased, the yield and water use efficiency increased, but the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer decreased. Among them, the M2N3 treatment had the highest yield and water use efficiency (169.67 t ·hm- 2 and 35.61 kg ·m- 3), while the M2N1 treatment had the highest nitrogen partial productivity (822.54 kg·kg-1). Using regression and spatial analyses, the magnetic nitrogen range of yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen partial productivity was 2270-3678 Gs and 220-230 kg N·hm- 2. This study can provide theoretical support for the scientific application of magnetized water and nitrogen fertilizer in tomato processing in Xinjiang and provide scientific guidance for optimizing the magnetic nitrogen combination configuration to improve the yield of tomato processing.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Soil Science submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Four irrigation water salinity levels, namely, 0.85 g·L-1 (CK, local irrigation water salinity), 3 g·L-1 (S1), 5g ·L- 1 (S2), and 8 g ·L- 1 (S3), were examined to explore the effects of different salinity levels on soil respiration rate in cotton fields. A cotton field experiment with drip irrigation under film was carried out in Xinjiang. During the growth period of cotton, soil respiration rate (Rs) was recorded twice a month, along with soil temperature (ST), water content, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate nitrogen content (NO-3 -N) and ammonium nitrogen content (NH+ 4 -N) . The influence of soil parameters on soil respiration rate under different salinities of irrigation water was studied by path analysis. Results showed that brackish water irrigation (S1 and S2) increased soil moisture content, EC and ammonium nitrogen content to a certain extent. Salt water irrigation (S3) significantly increased soil moisture and salinity, and decreased soil nitrate nitrogen content. The increase in the salinity of irrigation water decreased the soil respiration rate. The correlation between soil moisture and temperature and respiration rate decreased with the increase in the salinity of irrigation water. The quadratic function was used to represent the response of ST in 0-10 cm soil layer to soil respiration rate (R2=0.669, P< 0.001). The optimal ST for soil respiration rate was 26.9 ℃ . Under saline irrigation, the stepped- regression equation containing ST, conductivity, and nitrate nitrogen content could explain 85% of the variation of soil respiration rate. In conclusion, the use of 3 g·L- 1 irrigation water for drip irrigation under film can reduce soil respiration rate and farmland carbon emissions without significantly increasing soil salt content. This work provides theoretical support for the development and utilization of brackish water resources in Xinjiang.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： The event-related potential (ERP) studies have revealed a component (N170) near tempo-occipital electrodes was sensitive to visual words. However, its role in word reading is still controversial. A common view is that the N170 engaged in the visual/orthographic processing, whereas some evidence has shown the N170 involved in phonological and semantic processing. By taking advantage of the Chinese writing system's ideographic property, the current study directly examined whether the N170 was sensitive to the phonological and semantic processing in reading Chinese characters. Two ERP experiments were conducted in a neural adaption paradigm by manipulating the repetition of the sub-lexical phonetic/semantic radical. The ERP data were collected while participants performed a phonological judgment task on the 4th character after silently reading the four characters consecutively. The phonological similarity (Experiment 1) and semantic similarity (Experiment 2) were manipulated among the four characters. Experiment 1 examined the neural adaption of the four characters sharing the phonetic radical (e.g., 敏, 侮, 悔, 莓), the character's pronunciation (e.g., 妹, 枚, 镁, 莓), both of them (e.g., 酶, 梅, 霉, 莓), or neither (e.g., 淮, 崛, 郎, 莓) respectively. Experiment 2 examined the neural adaption of the four characters sharing the semantic radical (e.g., 狡, 狂, 猜, 狒), the character's meaning (e.g., 豹, 鹿, 羚, 狒), both of them (e.g., 狮, 狼, 狐, 狒), or neither (e.g., 淮, 崛, 郎, 狒) respectively. In both experiments, the results showed a significant neural adaption at N170 in all of the four conditions. The amplitude of the N170 observed in the 1st character decreased in the 2nd - 4th characters. In Experiment 1, the N170 neural adaptation at the left PO7 electrode was sensitive to the repetition of the phonetic radical, and the repetition of the character's pronunciation, but not to the repetition of both. These results indicated the left mid-fusiform gyrus might be sensitive to the visual/orthographic and phonological processing but not to the orthography-to-phonology mapping in Chinese character reading. In Experiment 2, the N170 neural adaption at the left PO7 electrode was only sensitive to the repetition of the character’s meaning, which indicated the semantic processing might modulate the left N170 in character reading. The N170 neural adaption at the right PO8 electrode was sensitive to the repetition of the semantic radical and the character's meaning, which suggested that right N170 was involved in visual/orthographic and semantic processing in reading characters. In sum, the findings showed that the N170 was involved in the visual/orthographic processing and engaged in the phonological and semantic processing in Chinese character reading. Furthermore, the left N170 was sensitive to the character's phonological and semantic information, whereas the right N170 was sensitive to the character’s meaning and its semantic radical.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2022-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：非灌溉季节冻融过程中土壤水盐的运动变化特征，直接影响春季作物灌水决策。本文对新疆绿洲灌区6块不同滴灌年限的棉田地块进行田间采样监测，探究冻融过程中土壤水盐运移规律以及不同滴灌年限棉田土壤盐分累积特征。结果表明：（1）随滴灌年限的增加，棉田盐分分布特征由表层聚集转变为向深层累积。（2）在冻融过程中，棉田土壤盐分运动特征存在明显的地块差异，荒地（CK）和滴灌17 a、19 a、23 a地块出现返盐趋势，平均盐分通量为43.61 gm-2d-1、172.57 gm-2d-1、38.18 gm-2d-1和10.53 gm-2d-1。（3）消融期是荒地（CK）、13 a、15 a、17 a、19 a和23 a地块水分和盐分运移最活跃的时期，冻融后所有地块敏感区（0~60 cm）土壤贮水量分别增加了23.43mm、81.26 mm、31.68 mm、62.39 mm、96.98和69.64 mm。研究揭示了冻融过程中土壤水盐运移规律以及不同滴灌年限棉田盐分累积特征，可对新疆非灌溉季冻融条件下和长期滴灌下的土壤管理提供科学指导。
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-03-04
Abstract： The event-related potential (ERP) studies have revealed a component (N170) near tempo-occipital electrodes was sensitive to visual words. However, its role in word reading is still controversial. A common view is that the N170 engaged in the visual/orthographic processing, whereas some evidence has shown the N170 involved in phonological and semantic processing. By taking advantage of the Chinese writing system's ideographic property, the current study directly examined whether the N170 was sensitive to the phonological and semantic processing in reading Chinese characters. Two ERP experiments were conducted in a neural adaption paradigm by manipulating the repetition of the sub-lexical phonetic/semantic radical. The ERP data were collected while participants performed a phonological judgment task on the 4th character after silently reading the four characters consecutively. The phonological similarity (Experiment 1) and semantic similarity (Experiment 2) were manipulated among the four characters. Experiment 1 examined the neural adaption of the four characters sharing the phonetic radical (e.g., 敏, 侮, 悔, 莓), the character's pronunciation (e.g., 妹, 枚, 镁, 莓), both of them (e.g., 酶, 梅, 霉, 莓), or neither (e.g., 淮, 崛, 郎, 莓) respectively. Experiment 2 examined the neural adaption of the four characters sharing the semantic radical (e.g., 狡, 狂, 猜, 狒), the character's meaning (e.g., 豹, 鹿, 羚, 狒), both of them (e.g., 狮, 狼, 狐, 狒), or neither (e.g., 淮, 崛, 郎, 狒) respectively. In both experiments, the results showed a significant neural adaption at N170 in all of the four conditions. The amplitude of the N170 observed in the 1st character decreased in the 2nd – 4th characters. In Experiment 1, the N170 neural adaptation at the left PO7 electrode was sensitive to the repetition of the phonetic radical, and the repetition of the character's pronunciation, but not to the repetition of both. These results indicated the left mid-fusiform gyrus might be sensitive to the visual/orthographic and phonological processing but not to the orthography-to-phonology mapping in Chinese character reading. In Experiment 2, the N170 neural adaption at the left PO7 electrode was only sensitive to the repetition of the character's meaning, which indicated the semantic processing might modulate the left N170 in character reading. The N170 neural adaption at the right PO8 electrode was sensitive to the repetition of the semantic radical and the character's meaning, which suggested that right N170 was involved in visual/orthographic and semantic processing in reading characters. In sum, the findings showed that the N170 was involved in the visual/orthographic processing and engaged in the phonological and semantic processing in Chinese character reading. Furthermore, the left N170 was sensitive to the character's phonological and semantic information, whereas the right N170 was sensitive to the character's meaning and its semantic radical.
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Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为阐明新疆伊犁河南岸灌区不同滴灌应用年限下新开垦耕地土壤水分分布和土壤全氮及有机质分布，进一步了解干旱区荒地引水灌溉开垦过程中土壤养分变化，本文以伊犁河流域连续新开垦地区——伊犁河南岸灌区管理处为研究区，以冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）为研究对象，通过监测不同滴灌应用年限（1 a，2 a，3 a，4 a）以及未开垦荒地（CK）0~60 cm剖面土壤水分、全氮含量和土壤有机质含量，揭示滴灌应用年限对滴灌条件下土壤理化性质以及冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明：新垦土地土壤含水率会随滴灌应用年限延长而增加，种植和灌溉会改善新开荒地的土壤水入渗条件，有利于耕作层水分调蓄；新垦土地各层土壤全氮会随滴灌应用年限增加而增加，且随深度增加分布趋势由开垦前先减少后增加变化为先增加后减少，在0~30 cm土层出现表聚现象；不同滴灌应用年限0~60 cm土壤有机质含量随年限增加而增加，开垦种植增加了0~40 cm土壤有机质含量，并在0~20 cm土层明显富集；根据全国第二次土壤普查养分分级相关标准，研究区荒地开垦后土壤养分全氮及有机质均提高了一级；新开垦耕地灌溉1~4 a，冬小麦产量随滴灌应用年限的增加而增加。养分及产量增加的主要原因在于当地现行的灌溉制度及作物秸秆残留。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2019-01-03 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： In order to solve the problems of the monarch butterfly optimization (MBO) algorithm, such as it is easy to fall into local optimum and the convergence speed is low, this study proposed an improved MBO algorithm with cross migration and sharing adjustment (CSMBO) . Firstly, this paper introduced a dimension-based vertical crossover operation to substitute the original migration operation of MBO, and then generated a cross migration operator. Thus, this operation could improve search ability of MBO algorithm effectively. Secondly, in order to speed up the convergence of MBO algorithm, the sharing adjustment operator with information sharing replaced the original adjustment operator. Finally, this paper utilized the greedy strategy to instead of the elite strategy of MBO, which could reduce one sorting operation and improve the calculation efficiency of MBO algorithm. To evaluate the optimization ability of our CSMBO algorithm, this paper made some experiments on a set of common benchmark functions with 30-dimensions and 50-dimensions, and the results showed that the proposed CSMBO algorithm had good optimization performance, and outperformed currently available three optimization approaches with which it is compared.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究芽孢表面展示鸡白痢沙门氏菌OmpC重组枯草芽孢杆菌SE1对肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和菌群的影响。选择7日龄肉鸡120只，随机分为3组，每组4个重复，每个重复10只鸡。A组（对照组）饲喂基础饲粮，B组和C组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1%（1.0×106 CFU/g）枯草芽孢杆菌168制剂和0.1%（1.0×106 CFU/g）重组枯草芽孢杆菌SE1制剂，试验期35 d。结果显示：1）与A组相比，C组肉鸡的终末体重和平均增重分别增加6.14%和6.76%（P>0.05），料重比降低8.21%（P>0.05）。2）28、42日龄时，B组和C组肉鸡的空肠脂肪酶和回肠蛋白酶活性显著高于A组（P0.05）。3）28、42日龄时，B组和C组肉鸡的回肠、盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著低于A组（P0.05）。结果表明，重组枯草芽孢杆菌SE1具有与枯草芽孢杆菌168相同的效果，能有效促进肉鸡生长，提高肠道脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性，调节肉鸡肠道菌群，提高肠道菌群稳定性和多样性。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究芽孢表面展示鸡白痢沙门氏菌OmpC重组枯草芽孢杆菌SE1对肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和菌群的影响。选择7日龄肉鸡120只，随机分为3组，每组4个重复，每个重复10只鸡。A组（对照组）饲喂基础饲粮，B组和C组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1%（1.0×106 CFU/g）枯草芽孢杆菌168制剂和0.1%（1.0×106 CFU/g）重组枯草芽孢杆菌SE1制剂，试验期35 d。结果显示：1）与A组相比，C组肉鸡的终末体重和平均增重分别增加6.14%和6.76%（P>0.05），料重比降低8.21%（P>0.05）。2）28、42日龄时，B组和C组肉鸡的空肠脂肪酶和回肠蛋白酶活性显著高于A组（P0.05）。3）28、42日龄时，B组和C组肉鸡的回肠、盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著低于A组（P0.05）。结果表明，重组枯草芽孢杆菌SE1具有与枯草芽孢杆菌168相同的效果，能有效促进肉鸡生长，提高肠道脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性，调节肉鸡肠道菌群，提高肠道菌群稳定性和多样性。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2018-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为探寻棉田土壤中残膜污染状况以及覆膜30 a棉田土壤中的残膜分布趋势，对试验区121团覆膜年限分别为5 a，9 a，11 a，13 a，15 a和19 a共6块棉田进行取样研究。运用Matlab程序构建BP神经网络模型，对取样数据进行分层预测和整体预测，结果表明：运用模型对残膜面积和质量数据进行整体预测，能够更好地反映实际情况下残膜在棉田土壤中的分布趋势，能够精准地预测本地区覆膜30 a棉田土壤中地膜残留状况；同时随着覆膜年限的增加，土壤表层大面积残膜在耕地作业下逐年碎裂，并向深层土壤移动，在30～40 cm深度的土壤中逐年残留。通过预测得到覆膜30 a棉田残膜密度达到419.19 kg·hm-2，超出国家标准限值75.0 kg·hm-2近6倍，为解决此问题可以覆盖厚度大于0.010 mm的农用地膜，并提高地膜回收率来保证棉田的可持续发展。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：枯草芽孢杆菌是一种好氧的可直接用于人和动物的益生菌菌种，在不利条件下可以被诱导产生芽孢。芽孢具有特殊的构造及独特的生理特征，研究者们发现枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢是酶和免疫原等外源性功能蛋白的理想的锚定载体，以枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢衣壳蛋白作为分子载体，直接利用芽孢吸附作用和共价固定等方法使外源蛋白锚定在芽孢表面。目前已有多种酶蛋白、抗原蛋白和其他功能蛋白成功展示在枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢表面。本文主要对枯草芽孢杆菌芽孢结构及芽孢表面展示外源蛋白技术的策略和应用前景进行阐述。
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