Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-27 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] The paper aims to learn about the progress of the studies on evidence-based science in library and information science (LIS) discipline from the literature content, with a focus on the major research themes and research directions in recent years, and the domestic and international research progress is compared.[Method/process] From the core collection of Web of Science and Chinese core journals from CNKI and Wanfang database, a search for the evidence-based science research in the field of LIS is performed. Utilizing content analysis method, the paper makes statistical analysis on the target literature from the year of publication and the subject area; then the paper puts its focus on the research theme analysis and hot topics in the past five years from two perspectives of interdisciplinary research, and the subject function of LIS and the objects.[Result/conclusion] Researches on evidence-based science in the field of LIS involve a number of subject areas including medicine, nursing and health care, policy science, information systems and education. The main research themes on evidence-based science in LIS are summarized into 10 categories in the end, of which "Services of LIS Institutions and Librarians' Professional Development" and "Evidence Sources and Its Access Methods or Technologies" are viewed as the core topics. China is relatively weak whether in terms of the breadth of subject areas and themes covered or the depth of research on each theme.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-08-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The main responsibility of the national strategic scientific and technological force is to focus on national strategic needs, refine key scientific problems in basic research, and gather resources to conduct original and leading scientific and technological research. The dual carbon goal is an internal requirement to implement the new development concept, construct a new development pattern, and promote high-quality development. It is a major strategic decision made by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in current domestic and international situations. We take the carbon neutrality major consulting project, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), as a specific case, summarize the methods and experiences of refining the key scientific issues of dual carbon oriented towards national strategic needs. We focus on the key technology demands of dual carbon, organize a multidisciplinary and collaborative team of experts, conduct systematic organization and in-depth research, widely absorb expert opinions and previous achievements, adhere to a problem-oriented approach, strengthen data support, ensure comprehensive and objective consultation views with strong pertinence, emphasize the decision support objectives, and adopt multiple measures to expand the application of consulting research results, providing reference for the practical application of carbon neutrality technology research and scientific organization and management in China.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-08-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Based on full investigation of the field of open publishing at home and abroad, this study expounds the role of open science in promoting the evolution of academic exchange system and mechanism, focuses on analyzing and summarizing the historical evolution, development change, and evolution law of academic publishing mode, and puts forward the meta-publishing concept that meets the needs of the open science era, so as to adapt to the development evolution and mode transformation of academic publishing. Based on the concept of “meta-publishing”, the idea of building a meta-publishing platform is proposed to promote the construction of a new paradigm of open science academic publishing led by the scientific community, integrating diversified publishing content, realizing multi-dimensional content association, aggregating multiple participants, and supporting the re-integration of scientific achievements. According to the design idea of the meta-publishing platform, MetaPub, a meta-publishing platform consisting of five modules, including structured publication engine, peer review subsystem, open publishing subsystem, knowledge discovery subsystem, and academic exchange community subsystem, has been built. The meta-publishing platform is a specific practice that is compatible with the development trend of open science and will play an active supporting role in the process of academic exchanges in the scientific community.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Other Disciplines of Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science submitted time 2023-05-08 Cooperative journals: 《农业图书情报学报》
Abstract： [Pupose/Significance] Evidence-informed decision-making is a means to bridge the gap between research and policy andevidence synthesis has become an important tool for evidence-based decision-making in many fields. However, evidence synthesis isresource-intensive, especially when it comes to scientific knowledge on complex issues.The efficiency of evidence synthesis cunrentlycannot meet the needs of decision makers.Crowdsourcing is seen as a potential way to improve the productivity of evidence synthesis.At present, the research and practice on the applications of crowdsourcing in evidence synthesis is still in its infancy.This study takes theapplication of crowdsourcing in the Cochrane Crowd citizen science project as an example to summarize the practical applications ofcrowdsourcing in evidence synthesis. The comprehensive analysis of the application mechanism of crowdsoucing in Coctrane Crowdproject will provide certain reference and inspiration for the use of crowdsourcing in evidence synthesis, so as to improve the productionefficiency of evidence synthesis and provide timely and powerful scientific informaticn for evidence-based decision-making.[MethodProcess]The application mechanism of crowdsourcing in the Cochrane Crowd citizen science project was analyzed from fivedimensions: crowdsourcer,vounteers, crowdsourcing task, Cochrane Crowd platform and effectiveness evaluation,using literatureresearch, network investigation, case analysis and other methods. Cochrane Crowd provides an easy-to-use interface for contributors toengage volunteers to participate and design , in addition to task-focused learming activities,diverse ways of accessing tasks, interactive online training modules and feedback mechanisms to improve the likelihood of volunteers' perfoming tasks corecty. At the same time,an agreement algorithm is provided at the platform level to ageregate the crowd classification results, which further improves thepossibility of correct classification of records. In addition, the platform has used the records identified by the crowd to build amachine-leaming model called as RCT classifier which can predct how likely a new citation is to be described an RCT to reduce themanual burden.[Resuts/Conclusions]Crowdsourcing is aneffective method to improve the efficiency of evidence synthesis and shortenthe production cycle. With comprehensive paticipant training and appropriate quality control mechanisms, it is possible to produce lighquality crowdsourcing results that meet the "gold standard" of evidence synthesis. In crder to motivate voluteers to paticipate andpromnote contnued engagement,participants are suggested to be provided with clear goals, clear tasks, and timely feedback or rewards.Interest and activity in introducing crowdsourcing into evidence synthesis is growing rapidly, and new tools and platfoms to faclitatecrowdsourcing also need to be further developed as researchers from different disciplines use crowdsourcing in the evidence synthesisprojects. In the future, the application of crowdsoucing in evidence synthesis in different fields and in different stages of evidencesynthesis should be further studied.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals is a major strategic decision made by the Chinese government, which will bring extensive and profound systemic changes for the economy and society. S&T is the core driving force that supports the goal of carbon neutrality. On the basis of the related concepts of carbon neutrality, this study analyzes the strategic actions and the characteristics of technological layout of carbon neutrality in developed countries/regions and international organizations. Major countries have promoted carbon neutrality through legislative regulation, energy strategies, technology roadmaps, carbon markets and other policy actions. They focus on deploying transformative green low-carbon technologies, such as hydrogen, CCUS, renewable energy, energy storage, nuclear energy, and clean power, to seize the technological commanding heights of the future green industrial revolution. Based on the two fundamental paths of achieving carbon neutrality — “emission reduction”, “increasing sinks”, and three research directions—“building a zero-carbon energy system”, “rebuilding low-carbon industrial processes”, and “ecological carbon sequestration and increasing sinks/negative emissions”, this study puts forward 14 important scientific issues aiming to guide more than 70 key technological breakthroughs. On the basis of all findings, 6 suggestions are proposed for China’s carbon neutrality strategy and technological layout as they are (1) strengthen the top-level design and scientific planning of the action plan for carbon neutrality; (2) accelerate the construction of the technology supporting system for carbon neutrality; (3) establish a zero#2;carbon energy system and a new power system; (4) accelerate the construction of the low-carbon industrial system; (5) promote the prospective applications of negative carbon emission technologies and the ecological carbon sequestrations; (6) Enhance the application of systematic solutions in carbon neutral strategic actions.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Carbon neutrality is a redefinition of human development mode, and a “self-reform” of the production paradigm. It not only affects the economic development of various countries, but also rebuilds the global geopolitical pattern. Since 2060 carbon neutrality target was proposed in September 2020, China has been working hard on exploring how to establish a system of the carbon neutral policy. By considering the system of carbon neutral policy in European Union that is relatively mature, this study comprehensively reviews and analyzes the EU’s system of carbon neutral policy from policy framework, key industry measures, R&D deployment support, and fiscal and financial measures, thus to provide the recommendations on the construction of the system of carbon neutral policy in China.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2019-09-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：我国西北地区经济发展、居民生活水平和碳排放均低于全国平均水平，随着国家政策倾斜，居民生活条件逐步改善，居民生活碳排放量提升空间较大，排放格局将受影响，这对西北地区本就脆弱的生态环境更加不利。目前有关居民碳排放的研究多集中在人类活动频繁、碳排放量大的我国东、南部地区，较少关注西北地区，但碳排放增加、环境成本加重对于欠发达地区的影响更加深远。其次，研究者关注居民碳排放预测时，通常着眼于数量预测，忽视了空间格局预测，不利于区域间协同发展。基于1997—2016年西北五省居民能源消耗和消费支出数据，首先利用直接系数法和投入产出法测算了1997—2016年西北地区居民生活碳排放，对其现状进行分析；第二，基于标准差椭圆和ARIMA模型从数量和空间格局上对2017—2021年西北居民生活碳排放进行预测。结果表明：1997—2016年，西北居民生活碳排放呈先缓慢后快速的上升趋势。直接碳排放稳定在0.3～0.4×108 t；间接碳排放达到2.38×108 t；空间分布总体稳定，呈西北—东南分布，移动趋势为西北—东南—西北，标准差椭圆中心在（99.07°E,38.19°N）附近移动。2017—2021年，直接碳排放达到0.543×108 t；间接碳排放为3.631×108 t；主体区域沿X轴发散，Y轴收敛，旋转轴变化小，随着西部大开发和脱贫的推进，新疆排放量次于陕西，增速较快，推动碳排放主体区域向西北移动。旨在为实现西北地区人口、消费、环境协调发展、引导居民树立低碳消费的价值理念建言献策。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2018-06-24 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：中亚的哈萨克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦是全球铀矿资源富集区之一，具有铀矿资源储量大、分布集中、开采条件较好等特点。自2009年以来，中亚铀矿开采量长期居世界首位，2016年占世界铀矿总开采量的43.5%（其中91%分布于哈萨克斯坦）。中国与中亚铀矿合作始于2005年，自2010年以来发展较快。文章分析了中国与中亚铀矿合作开发的必要性和可行性，阐述了合作开发模式从铀矿贸易、铀矿勘探开发发展到核燃料组件加工，并对合作开发的前景作了预测。主要结论为： 2030年以前中亚铀矿可满足中国核电发展对进口天然铀需求量的70%—75%；其后，随着中亚铀矿资源的快速消耗，2035年保障程度降至40%—50%。最后，文章提出了加强和深化中国与中亚铀矿合作的对策建议：以“五通”理念引领合作开发，尽快编制《中国与中亚铀矿合作开发规划纲要》，明确未来合作开发的重点，不断提高中资企业在合作开发中的地位作用，重视防范和化解合作开发的风险。
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2018-04-11 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：为了研究纤维素预处理技术成熟度情况，本文基于多源文献数据利用Fisher-Pry模型对蒸汽爆破法、酸处理法、碱处理法和生物法等主要预处理技术成熟度进行了研究。结果表明，蒸汽爆破法、酸预处理法及碱预处理法从2005年之后快速发展，目前基本处于成熟阶段，但由于这些方法本身存在水解产生抑制性产物、腐蚀性、成本高等缺陷，很难取得进一步的突破。而生物法目前还正处于快速成长阶段，具有很大的前景，经过Fisher-Pry曲线拟合，预计生物法到2043年左右达到成熟。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《数据分析与知识发现》
Abstract：【目的】研判Meta 分析的未来发展趋势, 为基于Meta 分析的领域知识发现提供借鉴。【方法】梳理对比国际常用的Meta 分析软件的特点及其计算、绘图等功能的差异, 并以资源环境学科领域为例, 提出适合具体领域知识发现的Meta 分析工具应具有的基本特点。【结果】通过对具体领域分析, 开发一套操作界面规范、运算步骤简单、分析结果准确、面向对象大众的文献综合集成工具的基本构想。【局限】并未通过构建平台系统地实施, 充分验证设想的可行性; Meta 分析固有的一些弱点如“苹果”、“橘子”问题, 无法在基于Meta 分析的领域知识发现中有效解决。【结论】需基于Meta 分析构建领域知识发现的平台, 以指导领域文献知识发现的拓展应用。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2017-09-08 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] The resource and environment think tanks of the USA play an important role in global affairs. Its operation mechanism, think tank product systems and influence development mode are of great significance to our country’s think tank construction. [Method/process] This paper analyzed and summarized the characteristics and operation mechanism of American think tanks from various aspects based on the site inspection of several resources and environment think tanks in the United States. Given the demand and current situation of the resource and environment think tank construction in China, we put forward some recommendations for China’s construction of high-level think tanks of resources and environment. [Result/conclusion] The article argues that the construction of resource and environment think tanks in our country should gradually establish an influential think tank system, expand the channel of fund raising actively, raise the output of special field achievements and enhance the product influence.
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