Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-12-05
Abstract： Shyness refers to an individual's inhibition in a social situation, which is an obstacle for an individual to participate in social interaction. Recent years, cognitive neuroscience research on shyness has increased. According to the metacognition model, social fitness model, lateralized brain-body emotion model, and differential susceptibility to environmental influences model, researchers have explored the effect of brain structure and function, as well as several ERP components related to sensory perception and attention on shyness. However, the theoretical and empirical research on cognitive and neural mechanisms of shyness is still in its infancy. Based on above, a psychological development model of shyness has been proposed. Future research on shyness should be studied from personality and emotion simultaneously, and continue to develop research paradigm so as to deeply explore the cognitive nervous mechanism.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-07 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To investigate the protective effect of Apelin-13 on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Focal transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced in male SD rats using modified suture occlusion technique. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Sham group, Model group, Apelin-low dose (A) group, Apelin-middle dose (B) group and Apelin-high dose (C) group. Apelin-13 was injected into lateral cerebral ventricle, and the neurological function score, brain edema, infarct volume, apoptosis, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and extracellular regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) protein were measured. Results Neurological function scores, percentage of brain water content, infarct volumes and TUNEL-positive cells in B and C groups were lower than those in Model group (P<0.05). The level of MDA in the tissue bomogenate of brain tissue in the surrounding area of ischemia of B and C groups was lower than that of Model group, while the activity of SOD was higher (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in ERK1/2 protein expression among the groups (P>0.05). P-ERK1/2 increased in Model group and A, B, and C groups compared with Sham group (P<0.05), and that of A, B, and C group was higher than that of Model group (P<0.05). Conclusion Apelin-13 may play an important role by inhibiting oxidative stress to protect against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury; ERK1/2 signaling pathway may be involved in the protective mechanism of Apelin-13.
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