Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Impulsivity is referred as a predisposition to act rashly on one’s first thoughts, which is usually characterized by little forethought, reflection, or consideration of the consequences of an action. According to the dual-process framework, components of impulsivity can be classified into affective impulsivity and action/cognitive impulsivity which then integrate into what is called a drive - control construct. These two types of impulsivities are dominated by the socioemotional system (driving force) and the cognitive control system (controlling force) respectively. The dual-process theories offer a novel explanation for the underlying mechanisms of impulsivity, and Mindfulness practices is a type of method that can effectively regulate impulsivity and be well explained by this theory framework. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) emphasize the intentional awareness of individual’s physical and mental experience with a non-judgmental attitude. MBIs comprise both traditional contemplative practices from a few religions and the contemporary mindfulness approaches that form some cognitive-oriented psychotherapies. In recent years, clinical practitioners have proposed and developed a number of MBIs targeting impulsive individuals’ problematical behaviors. Researches into the effectiveness of these MBIs show significant outcomes among different populations, including attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, substance abusers, adolescents with behavioral problems, and obese people with eating disorder. From the dual-processing approach, the positive impact of MBIs on impulsivity has two reasons: one is that MBIs can mitigate the action/cognitive impulsivity triggered by the cognitive control system, and the other is that MBIs can lower the affective impulsivity caused by the socioemotional system. More specifically, MBIs attempts to train individuals to be fully "exposed" to their immediate self-experience with positive attitudes, so as to reduce their reward expectation whilst improving the responsiveness to natural reward, and then realizing the adjustment and reshaping of their reward effects. Meanwhile, MBIs can enhance individual’s ability of “decentering” the feeling of stress and negative affect, thus reducing the perception of distress feeling and providing a necessary buffer to avoid impulsive behaviors. More essentially, MBIs-trained individuals are more sensitive to their own introspection and habitual responses, which helps to weaken the automatic driving force in impulsive behaviors. In addition, MBIs strengthen individuals’ cognitive control and inhibitory control, leading to decreases in the relevant impulsive performance in waiting impulsivity and action impulsivity. Due to differences in processing time and varied directionality between factors driving and controlling impulsivity, MBIs expand the buffer zone between receiving and responding to stimuli, with repeated practice focused on attention and positive attitudes including acceptance and non-response. MBIs not only weaken the motivation of driving factors, but also promotes the effective implementation and participation of controlling factors, thus reducing the confrontation between these two types of components and the interaction of these two factors could then make individual's underlying dynamic system more balanced. To sum up, supported by the dual-processing model and empirical evidence, MBIs can be considered as an effective intervention approach to reduce individual impulsivity.
Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2022-08-24
Abstract：
Mindfulness can be defined as the intentional awareness of individual’s physical and mental experiences with a non-judgmental attitude. From the perspective of dual-process theories, Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) show observable effects on the different components of impulsivity. On the one hand, MBIs help to diminish the driving forces caused by the socioemotional system: by reducing individual reward evaluation and expectation, alleviating the distress and negative emotion, and weakening the connection and intensity of automatic responses. On the other hand, MBIs enhance the controlling force of impulsivity and mitigate the action/cognitive impulsivity regulated by the cognitive control system: by enhancing individual's capabilities of cognitive control and inhibitory control, and diminishing waiting impulsivity. Due to different processing sequence and intensity of the two components of impulsivity, MBIs facilitate the positive interactions between the two components, minimize the imbalance between the driving forces and the controlling force, providing a favorable buffer for individuals to better respond to their own and external stimuli. In sum, MBIs are effective intervention means to reduce individual’s impulsivity.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2021-11-19
Abstract： " Substance addicts show significant impulsivity, which manifests as substance abuse and difficulty in withdrawing. In addition to the problems of inhibition and executive control, driving force from multiple psychological dimensions is also an important reason for impulsive substance use. This drive stems from a variety of sources, including reward effect, S-R related cue response through conditioning and sensation-seeking personality trait. Low levels of inhibition are insufficient to resist the effects of the drive. Consequently, this unbalanced state will lead to a habitual tendency in behaviour or compulsion to use substances under addicts’ craving. These two types of behavior are the manifestation of addictive impulsivity. "
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