Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： As a dominant Zeitgeber (i.e., time giver), ambient light can affect sleep-wake behavior patterns by regulating circadian rhythm through the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which are known as the central circadian pacemaker in human beings. Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been well established to inhibit melatonin secretion, delay circadian rhythm, increase sleep disturbance, and reduce sleep quality. In contrast, field- and laboratory-based empirical studies have revealed beneficial effects of daytime light on sleep, suggesting that exposure to a high-level or larger amount of light exposure during the daytime could advance the sleep onset time, improve sleep efficiency, shorten sleep latency, decrease sleep disturbance, and improve sleep quality. However, such benefits are not always reported and the above-mentioned effects of daytime light on sleep can be governed by the parameters of daytime light (e.g. light level and spectrum), temporal factors (time of day, duration), and the light mode. The magnitude of the effects of daytime light on improving nighttime sleep can be predicted by constructing mathematical equations that couple the variables of light level, duration, and human psychological response threshold. The additional studies are required to further explore the effect of daytime light exposure on sleep. In addition, light affects nighttime sleep through two pathways. On the one hand, light can indirectly influence the sleep-wake cycle by resetting circadian rhythms through the SCN, on the other hand, light can also directly affect sleep through the projection of melanopsin expressed by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) to sleep- and wakefulness-related brain regions. The sleep-wake cycle of the organism is regulated by the interaction of the circadian process and sleep homeostatic process. Whereas whether daytime light exposure could affect nocturnal sleep by regulating sleep homeostatic process remains largely unknown. , it's still necessary to explore the mechanism underlying the effect of light on sleep. Furthermore, in practical life, the de-synchronization between the natural light-dark cycle and human inner rhythms is becoming more and more pronounced, resulting in a higher risk of circadian rhythm disturbances and subsidiary health complaints such as sleep and affective disorders. Therefore, how to create a healthy lighting is still a key and attractive research topic concerned by academia and industry in the modern society where artificial light pollution is everywhere. Future research can integrate the personal physical and psychological requirements, for light and the diversity of working scenarios together to design a “human centric lighting”, which is of important economic and social value for enhancing people's work efficiency, regulating mood, optimizing sleep, and improving well-being. Key words
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2023-03-23
Abstract： As a dominant Zeitgeber, ambient light can regulate sleep-wake patterns in humans. Exposure to higher light levels or more light exposure during the daytime, especially during the morning, positively predict nighttime sleep quality, but this effect is mediated by the light parameters (e.g., light level or spectrum), timing factors (e.g., time of day and duration), and light pattern. On the one hand, light can indirectly influence the sleep-wake cycle by regulating individuals’ circadian rhythms through the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). On the other hand, light can directly affect sleep through the projection of melanopsin expressed by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) to sleep- and wakefulness-related brain regions. However, there is still no clear consensus on whether light can affect sleep via regulation of sleep homeostatic process, which was another process driven the sleep-wake cycle. Future research should pay more attention on how to create “Human centric lighting” for those who work in the absence of daylight or need personal light to support their mental and physical requirement.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2018-05-29 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》
Abstract：树种选择是林下山参护育成败的关键，研究树叶凋落物对人参土壤养分、微生物群落结构组成的影响，旨在为林下山参护育选择适宜林地及农田栽参土壤改良提供科学依据和理论指导。通过盆栽试验，研究添加5.0 g色木槭Acer mono.Maxim.var.mono（A）、赤松Pinus densiflora Sieb.et Zucc.（B）、胡桃楸Juglans mandshurica Maxim.（C）、紫椴Tilia amurensis Rupr.（D）、蒙古栎Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Ledeb.（E）树叶凋落物到土壤中，种植人参（Panax ginseng C.A.meyer）后研究土壤理化性质以及微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明：添加不同树叶处理后人参土壤性质发生改变，土壤pH值显著高于对照土壤5.91（P P P P < 0.05），而真菌Ascomycota是针叶林分解的关键微生物。进一步从不同分类水平上得到特定树叶凋落物的特异细菌和真菌。典型相关分析（CDA）表明细菌Bacteroidetes、Chloroflexi、Actinobacteria及真菌Basidiomycota、Zygomycota、Chytridiomycota及Ascomycota的位置及多样性的改变均与土壤因子SMBN、TN、AP、SOC、AK、C/N、pH有关。综上所述，添加不同树叶后不仅提高土壤微生物量碳氮、改善土壤理化性质，同时改变微生物群落结构组成，不同树叶处理土壤理化性质不同导致人参土壤微生物组成的差异，本结果对于林下参选地和农田栽参土壤微生物改良具有理论指导作用。
Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology submitted time 2018-04-02
Abstract： Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease with unknown etiology but high incidence. The objective biomarkers of ASD are urgently awaited to be developed using neuroimaging method including resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI). However, the majority of current R-fMRI studies only examined the static features of brain activity in ASD patients, but neglected the dynamic aspects especially for regional metrics. Furthermore, the concordance of the dynamic regional indices was reported imbedded in human intrinsic brain activity, while it’s abnormality in ASD is largely unknown. Methods In this study, we analyzed R-fMRI data of 480 ASD male patients and 539 healthy male controls (HC) gathered from ASD public database (ABIDE/ABIDE II). We used sliding window method to calculate the dynamics of mainstream regional indices of R-fMRI (amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC), degree centrality (DC) and the correlation with global signal (GSCorr)) and generated the SD statistic maps of these six dynamic regional indices. We performed z-standardization and smoothing on the SD statistic maps. After that, two-sample t-test between the SD statistic maps of ASD group and HC group was performed. We also calculated the concordance of dynamic regional indices for each time point, which is the Kendall's coefficient of the ALFF, ReHo, DC, GSCorr and VMHC maps across voxels. Two-sample t-test between the SD and mean of concordance time series of ASD group and HC group was performed. Results We found a significant increase in the dynamics of ALFF and DC in the lateral frontal cortices in ASD patients as compared to HCs. Dorsal lateral frontal cortex (dlPFC) is a critical brain area for cognitive control and execution network. The abnormal activities in dlPFC indicate the disruption of control execution system and the impairment of relevant cognitive function. In the visual related brain areas, the dynamics of ALFF, DC and ReHo showed a decrease in fusiform gyrus, calcarine and lingual gyrus in ASD patients. Recent studies have indicated that the abnormal face processing in children with autism may be related with the impairment in social cognition of them. The deficits in face information processing of ASD patients may stem from the inflexible intrinsic brain activity in visual processing brain area (especially in fusiform gyrus). After further examining the concordance among these dynamic indices, the mean and SD of concordance of patients with ASD was found to be significantly lower than that of the HCs, demonstrating that the ASD patients’ inferior integration ability for different aspects of brain functions. Conclusion These findings suggest that there exists abnormality in dynamics of spontaneous brain activity and its integration in ASD patients. Dynamic R-fMRI regional indices and the concordance of them could be efficient neuroimaging biomarkers for ASD.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Hits
YES
Hits
Downloads
Comment