Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-07-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance]Based on the current big data environment and the demand for knowledge services in the field of medical intelligence, this paper explores the training objectives and the construction of knowledge ecosystem of medical intelligence talents.[Method/process] First of all, from the perspective of medical intelligence personnel providing medical services, it explores its multi-angle analysis of user needs, multi-level matching of needs and resources, and the ability to provide knowledge services through multiple channels. Then, according to the composition and operation mechanism of the knowledge ecosystem, from three perspectives which include knowledge resources, knowledge service activities and knowledge innovation activities, it constructs a knowledge ecosystem, which includes professional curriculum system, teaching practice platform and knowledge ecosystem of educational incentives for the training of medical intelligence personnel. Finally, taking the reform of the curriculum system of the medical informatics major of Jilin University, the setting of the teaching practice platform and the training program of knowledge innovation activities as an example, this study analyzes the role of the knowledge ecosystem in the training process of medical intelligence talents.[Result/conclusion] The research constructs the goal and the knowledge ecosystem of cultivating medical intelligence talents driven by innovation ability, promoting the application of information science research theories and methods in medical intelligence.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Combining sociological perspective and information science means, the social attributes and external manifestations of public opinion events on microblog are correspondingly integrated, which provides a new perspective for explaining the social problems behind public opinion events.[Method/process] Combing the current research situation related to public opinion, and constructing the social attributes and externalization performance model of public opinion on microblog. Focusing on public opinion and explaining the internal logic between the 3 social attributes of crowd, content and sentiment and the 3 external manifestations of opinion leader, event and emotion. Then taking a vaccine incident as an example for empirical research and visual display.[Result/conclusion] The results of empirical research verify the validity and operability of the social attributes and externalization performance model of microblog public opinion. From the perspective of sociology, using the advantages of quantitative and visual research methods in the field of information science, we can fully understand the externalization of different social attributes of public opinion events and dig deeply into the essential problems behind public opinion events.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Healthy aging is generally associated with a decline in episodic memory. Usually, older adults show more significant declines in associative memory than in item memory. Most previous cognitive aging studies of episodic memory focus on mean changes in memory performance with age and thus assume that older adults are a homogenous group. However, older adults demonstrate notable individual differences in episodic memory. While most older adults show a normal or pathological decline in episodic memory, some indicate successful episodic memory aging. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the neural mechanisms of individual differences in episodic memory aging to demystify the determinants of successful memory aging. This helps reveal the neural basis of human cognitive function and is insightful for developing effective interventions to improve memory function in older adults and delay cognitive aging. To date, four critical theories have been proposed to explain why some older adults exhibit successful memory aging: brain maintenance, neural dedifferentiation, cognitive reserve, and neural compensation. The brain maintenance account claims that the ability of some older adults to demonstrate successful memory aging may be explained by individual differences in brain preservation. In line with this prediction, individuals who demonstrate a relative lack of senescent brain changes and more youth-like brain activation patterns show higher levels of memory performance. The neural dedifferentiation view states that individuals with higher functional specificity of brain regions and networks may have superior episodic memory. The concept of cognitive reserve states that individual differences in cognitive operations or processes shaped by lifetime exposures allow some individuals to maintain cognitive function in the face of brain aging or pathology. The above concepts may reflect the optimization process of the selective optimization with compensation (SOC) model. Specifically, brain maintenance may reflect the results of the optimization, whereas cognitive reserve may reflect the approach for conducting the optimization process. The neural compensation hypothesis, which reflects the compensation process of the SOC model, states that some older adults can compensate for age-related neural decline or pathology to preserve high levels of cognitive and behavioral output. Based on these theories and the SOC model, we speculate that some older adults display successful memory aging because they have higher cognitive reserve shaped by several lifestyle factors throughout their lifespans. These factors include education, occupation, physical activity, cognitively stimulating activities, and other lifestyle aspects. Older adults with higher cognitive reserve can optimize the function of the brain regions and networks related to episodic memory and more successfully compensate for age-related neural decline. Ultimately, the benefits of the optimization and compensation processes are reflected in maintaining a higher level of brain function (e.g., the fidelity of neural representation or functional segregation of brain networks). Nevertheless, there are still debates regarding how to define the concept of cognitive reserve operationally, how cognitive reserve and compensation relate to one another, and how lifestyle factors affect brain maintenance, cognitive reserve, and neural compensation in older adults. Future research should incorporate more longitudinal studies to investigate the relationship between these theories and their impact factors, which would be beneficial for understanding the neural mechanisms of successful memory aging and providing support for improving brain and cognitive health in older adults.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-03-09
Abstract：
Healthy aging is generally associated with a decline in episodic memory. However, older adults demonstrate notable individual differences in episodic memory. While most older adults show a normal or pathological decline in episodic memory, some indicate successful episodic memory aging. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the neural mechanisms of individual differences in episodic memory aging to demystify the determinants of successful memory aging. To date, four critical theories have been proposed to explain why some older adults exhibit successful memory aging: brain maintenance, neural dedifferentiation, cognitive reserve, and neural compensation. Based on these theories and the SOC model, we speculate that some older adults display successful memory aging because they have higher cognitive reserve shaped by several lifestyle factors throughout their lifespans. Older adults with higher cognitive reserve can optimize the function of the brain regions and networks related to episodic memory and more successfully compensate for age-related neural decline. Ultimately, the benefits of the optimization and compensation processes are reflected in maintaining a higher level of brain function (e.g., the fidelity of neural representation or functional segregation of brain networks). Future research should incorporate more longitudinal studies to investigate the relationship between these theories and their impact factors, which would be beneficial for understanding the neural mechanisms of successful memory aging and providing support for improving brain and cognitive health in older adults.
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