Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： The sensory dominance is a phenomenon in which the brain selectively processes specificsensory information when presented with multisensory inputs, thereby enhancing humanperception of external stimuli. Previous studies have discussed the sensory dominance atperceptual and response levels. However, how the intermediate processing level betweenperceptual and response levels affects the sensory dominance remains unknown. Therefore, thepresent study adopted the cross-modal 2-1 mapping paradigm and manipulated object categoriesthrough three studies to investigate the role of the intermediate processing level on sensorydominance in cross-modal conflict. In this paradigm, based on key mapping, cognitive processing levels can be defined intopreresponse level (included perceptual and semantic levels) and response level. The differencebetween the audiovisual incongruent condition and the audiovisual congruent condition was calledthe conflict effect, and the sensory dominance can be obtained by comparing the conflict effect ofattention to vision and auditory. Experiment 1 manipulated the degree of difference in objectcategories to explore its impact on sensory dominance. Experiments 1a~c involved animal objects(small differences), tool objects (moderate differences), and animal and musical instrument objects(large differences), 30 participants were recruited for each experiment. Because visual picturesreach perceptual representation earlier, while auditory sounds reach semantic representation earlier. Therefore, Experiment 2 (34 participants) changed visual pictures into visual words on the basis ofExperiment 1c to explore effects of visual presentation way of object categories on sensorydominance. In Experiment 3 (20 participants), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) wasused on the left anterior temporal lobe, an important brain region responsible for processing objectcategories to further causally study effects of object category on the sensory dominance of theresponse level. The results of Experiment 1 showed that, no matter what the difference of object categories, at the preresponse level, the conflict effect of attention to auditory was significantly greater thanthat of attention to vision, that is, visual dominance. However, at the response level, visualdominance appeared when the object category difference was small (Experiment 1a), no sensorydominance was observed when the object category difference was moderate (Experiment 1b), auditory dominance appeared when the object category difference was large (Experiment 1c). Itwas found that the results of Experiment 2 and Experiment 1c were consistent, that is, auditorydominance, indicating that this behavior pattern was not affected by the bottom-up visualpresentation way. The results of Experiment 3 showed that under cathodal tDCS condition, thepreresponse level still showed visual dominance, but the response level no longer showed sensorydominance. This result showed that effects of object categories on the sensory dominance of theresponse level from the causal level. The mechanism of sensory dominance is still under investigation. The present study was firstto find that object categories affected the sensory dominance of the response level. Fromtheperspective of cognitive processing level, intermediate processing level played a regulating role inthe sensory dominance of the response level, enriching the explanatory theory of sensorydominance and providing a new perspective for the study of sensory dominance in cross-modalconflict.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： In recent years, mindfulness interventions have been applied across various fields and have achieved significant efficacy. With the widespread adoption of mobile Internet, online mindfulness interventions are flourishing, thus holding tremendous potential. However, a prominent issue is the generally low adherence of participants in such online mindfulness interventions. Concurrently, previous studies have demonstrated that poetry is also regarded as an important supplement to psychotherapy and mindfulness intervention therapy. Yet, no research has been conducted on the integration of Chinese classical poetry and mindfulness interventions—a topic that warrants further exploration. Moreover, Chinese classical poetry possesses distinct Chinese characteristics and is a highly appreciated literary art form among the local population. Therefore, based on the above propositions, this study considers the feasibility of integrating Chinese classical poetry into mindfulness intervention and whether it can enhance participants’ adherence.
In Study 1, a 49-day online self-help mindfulness intervention incorporating Chinese classical poetry was developed based on Mindfulness Intervention for Emotional Distress (MIED) and poetry therapy. A total of 54 participants were recruited online who completed the pre- and postintervention assessments, including measures of mindfulness, perceived stress, and general well-being. The participants were required to answer additional questions regarding the feasibility of the intervention within one week postintervention. Then, the effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed using paired samples t-tests, whereas its feasibility was evaluated across five dimensions: Acceptability, Demand, Implementation, Practicality, and Limited-efficacy testing. In Study 2, 258 participants were recruited online and randomly assigned to Group A or Group B. Group A attended a mindfulness intervention program that integrated Chinese classical poetry, while Group B attended the same program without poetry. In the end, a total of 245 participants joined the study (118 in Group A and 127 in Group B). All participants were required to complete pre-, mid-, and postintervention assessments measuring mindfulness, perceived stress, and general well-being levels. Furthermore, the intervention’s effectiveness was examined using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), whereas the impact of the presence or absence of Chinese classical poetry on participants’ adherence was analyzed using chi-square tests.
The results confirmed the feasibility of the developed online self-help mindfulness intervention integrating Chinese classical poetry in terms of Acceptability, Demand, Implementation, Practicality and Limited-efficacy testing, with participants perceiving the intervention as effective. The results of Study 2 demonstrated that both programs with and without poetry significantly improved participants’ mindfulness, perceived stress, and general well-being levels. However, the former significantly enhanced participants’ adherence. In addition, compared with the overall adherence levels of current online mindfulness interventions (ranging from 35% to 92%), the participants’ adherence to the proposed online intervention with Chinese classical poetry (84.75%) is relatively high. Finally, the study also found that integrating poetry into mindfulness interventions enhanced the majority of Chinese individuals’ engagement and completion rates, regardless of their personal preferences for Chinese classical poetry at baseline.
This study represents the first integration of Chinese classical poetry into mindfulness intervention, resulting in a program enriched by Chinese cultural elements. The program facilitates the combination of outstanding traditional Chinese culture with modern psychological theories and practices, fostering their creative transformation and innovative development. Furthermore, the purely online self-help program employed in this study reduces reliance on therapists while simultaneously enhancing participants’ adherence. At the same time, this study provides more possibilities for the widespread application of mindfulness intervention and provides individuals with more choices for mental health treatment. Overall, these contributions hold significant practical significance and social value.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： People often use the phrase different paths, no conspiracy to describe the difficulty of reaching a consensus after an interpersonal value conflict occurs. Due to the conflict, people will not only experience a series of negative subjective feelings, but also develop prejudice and hostility toward their opponents. Together, these feelings make it very difficult to resolve interpersonal conflicts based on value differences. Values are represented and constructed in such a way that people are prone to two cognitive biases in the face of interpersonal value conflicts: self-threat and the illusion of personal objectivity. Currently, researchers have focused on two interpersonal values conflict mediation strategies: self-affirmation and other-affirmation. Future research needs to enrich the relevant theoretical explanations, focus on the influencing factors and their effects in interpersonal value conflicts, and expand their mediation strategies and related application practices.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： In the 21st century, human society is highly prosperous, but it is still facing a happiness crisis. Since the birth of scientific psychology, psychologists have been committed to understanding and improving human happiness and well-being. With the rapid development of human society and the continuous advancement of science and technology, scientific research on happiness and well-being in scientific psychology has become more comprehensive and diverse, and has gradually transformed from an abstract concept to an interdisciplinary research field that is quantifiable, operational and improvable. Based on the theoretical framework, research paradigm and research conclusions of scientific psychology, this article sorts out and comments on how factors at the individual, interpersonal and social levels affect human happiness and well-being, and explores the great potential and future prospects of scientific psychology in improving human happiness and well-being.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> History of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： In the English literature of the 1840s-1860s, “mental philosophy” and “psychology” were used interchangeably, gradually transitioning to the term “psychology” after 1860. In Chinese, “mental philosophy” is generally translated as Xin Ling Xue心灵学, which later came to be considered psychology. In the process of examining the proposition that the first mental philosophy course in the history of Chinese psychology, analysis of Dengchow College diplomas from 1885 and 1889, the 1891 diploma style, and other historical data, supplemented by biographical information on C. W. Mateer about the early courses offered at the Dengchow College, revealed no evidence of a psychology program at Dengchow College in 1877. A curriculum from 1891 showing a course in Xin Ling Xue心灵学 in the sixth year suggests that Dengchow College may have offered psychology classes in 1896 or after 1897. The curriculum noted that “Several desirable branches, e.g., Mental Science and Physical Geography have been omitted for want of suitable textbooks.” There remains a lack of information about who taught these courses and what materials were used. Dengchow College offered psychology courses significantly later than Y. K. Yen at St. John’s College in 1880 and D. Z. Sheffield at Luhe Academy in Tungchow around 1892. Relevant information supports the teachers and teaching materials in these two schools.
Mateer’s contribution to the spread of Western psychology during the late Qing dynasty is notable for his efforts in unifying psychological terminology and his attention to W. A. P. Martin’s plan to write a textbook on Mental Philosophy, and his monograph, Xing Xue Ju Yu性学举隅. Among these efforts, his recognition of the term Xing Xue性学 as a translation for psychology were particularly significant. Mateer began his term on the School and Textbook Series Committee in May 1877, during which the Committee planned to develop a Chinese textbook on Mental Philosophy, with Martin taking responsibility. Both Mateer and Martin were members of the commission and maintained a close association. In October 1877, Mateer used the term “psychology” in an English article, providing commentary on its Chinese translation. Mateer’s interest in psychology was evident in his role as chair of the Publication Committee, established in 1890 to organize terminology. The responsibility for mental science terminology fell to Sheffield. Progress in the harmonization of terminology was slow until the establishment of the Scientific Terminology Committee in 1896, which significantly advanced this work. In his 1896 diary, Mateer noted that he had collected terminological work in fifteen disciplines, including psychology. In 1898, Martin published his monograph, Xing Xue Ju Yu性学举隅, which was followed by a critical essay from Mateer. Mateer highly praised the monograph, particularly its use of the term Xing Xue性学. Mateer’s involvement in the publication of Technical Terms, English and Chinese in 1904, where he served as editor, further highlights his contribution to the development of psychological terminology in China. Many of the psychological terms included in the book were derived from Sheffield’s unpublished teaching material on mental philosophy (around 1892), Yen’s book Xin Ling Xue (1889), and Martin’s monograph Xing Xue Ju Yu (1898).
Mateer’s transition from opposing the original meaning of psychology in Chinese translation to adopting the term Xing Xue性学 illustrates his recognition of the contributions of traditional Chinese culture in creating Chinese terminology for psychology. This shift underscores his effort to draw nourishment from Chinese culture to facilitate the translation of Western studies.
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2024-06-05
Abstract： The brand-new interaction context constructed by the Internet provides a brand-new channel for people to pursue the proposition of love , and people devote themselves to the digital world, creating similar-to-me digitized bodies for presentations and performances, while the real body gradually fades out of the field of vision. Through in-depth interviews and questionnaires, this paper focuses on the practice of online romantic relationships in which digital bodies are present and real bodies are absent in MMORPGs, so as to study the temporal changes of the spatial, physical, and emotional dimensions of the real and virtual relationships between the two parties of romantic relationships in MMORPGs. It is found that in the virtual space constructed by MMORPGs, the digital body initially occupies a highly dominant position, and with the development of the romantic relationship, the real body gradually emerges from the hidden background and intermingles with the digital body, and eventually, when the relationship turns to reality, the real body replaces the digital body and becomes the main body of the relationship again.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-06-05
Abstract： With the expansion of urban scale and the increase of urban road network density, pedestrians need to find their way in different route environments, especially in complex routes. The use of modern assisted navigation devices may help pedestrians better find their way, but the interaction between humans and navigation devices and the presentation of information on different navigation maps may affect actual wayfinding behavior. Therefore, in the face of increasingly complex road traffic, this paper explores how to improve pedestrian wayfinding behavior performance from the perspective of pedestrians. According to embodied cognition and the factors affecting pedestrian wayfinding, this paper uses virtual reality (VR) technology and psychophysical experiments to explore the optimal navigation scheme of pedestrian wayfinding behavior in different routes./t/nIn Experiment 1, a two-factor design was employed: 2 (route difficulty: simple route, complex route) ×2 (interaction mode: active interaction, passive interaction). Firstly, the impact of route difficulty and human-computer interaction mode on pedestrian wayfinding performance was examined. In Experiment 2, a 2 (interaction mode: active interaction, passive interaction) ×2 (map type: fixed map, rotating map) design was implemented across subjects to investigate further methods for enhancing pathfinding performance under different interaction modes in complex routes. Ultimately, the findings from Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 were collectively analyzed, and a navigation strategy aimed at improving wayfinding performance from the perspective of map types was proposed./t/nThe study revealed that the performance of wayfinding and acquisition of spatial knowledge in simple routes surpasses that in complex routes. However, there is no significant difference in route knowledge acquisition between the two types of routes. In the active interaction mode, the performance of wayfinding and acquisition of landmark knowledge in simple routes is significantly higher than that in complex routes. Conversely, in the passive interaction mode, there is no significant difference between the two types of wayfinding performance and route knowledge acquisition. Within complex routes, the passive interaction method can yield better landmark knowledge compared to the active interaction method. On the other hand, within complex routes, the use of a fixed map significantly outperforms a rotating map in terms of wayfinding performance and route knowledge acquisition; however, there is no significant difference between them regarding landmark knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, within complex routes and using passive interaction mode, utilizing fixed maps can notably enhance wayfinding performance and landmark knowledge acquisition compared to unassisted maps./t/nIn summary, this article concludes that route difficulty and interaction mode in the spatial environment significantly impact pedestrians’ pathfinding performance. In simple routes, individuals actively utilize navigation devices to effectively enhance their pathfinding performance, while in complex routes, passive interaction between individuals and navigation devices with the assistance of fixed maps can effectively improve their pathfinding performance. Therefore, incorporating passive interaction with auxiliary fixed maps into complex routes is the optimal navigation strategy for effectively enhancing wayfinding performance.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2024-06-05
Abstract： Family and work are essential domains of most adults’ daily lives in the modern era. Family-work conflict is “a form of inter-role conflict in which role pressures from the work and family domains are mutually incompatible in some respects.” Although the negative consequences of family-work conflict have featured prominently in the literature, scholars have insinuated that it may yield positive work behaviors. However, there is little empirical evidence demonstrating the positive results of family-work conflicts and the mechanisms for such functional consequences. To address this theoretical gap, we drew upon the identity maintenance perspective and hypothesized that employees who experience family-work conflict perceive a loss of job performance and desire to maintain work identity, which, in turn, facilitates employees’ work effort and considers reducing family hours.
We conducted three studies to test our hypotheses. In Study 1, a recall experiment was conducted to test the causal effect between family-work conflict and perceived job-performance loss. We recruited 200 participants through Credamo platform. Family-work conflict was manipulated by asking participants to recall their experiences. The results support the causal relationship between family-work conflict and perceived job-performance loss. In Study 2, we confirmed the conclusion through a between-participant scenario experiment. We recruited 232 full-time employees from southern China. When the test was administered, the participants were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental conditions: a high family-work conflict (N = 120) and a low family-work conflict (N = 112). Subsequently, the participants were required to read and describe the scenario and its content, respectively. They then completed the manipulation check of family-work conflict, reported their perceived job-performance loss and work-effort intention, and considered reducing family conflict. In Study 3, we conducted a multi-wave field study with 786 dyadic data points from 100 employees. At Time 1, the employees were asked to report their demographic information. At Time 2, the employees completed three reports daily for 10 consecutive days. In the first report, the employees rated their affectivity, overnight sleep quality, and family-work conflict. The second and third reports focused on perceived job-performance loss, work effort, and reducing family hours.
Confirmatory factor analysis, regression analysis, bootstrapping, and Monte Carlo methods were used for data analysis. The results showed that family-work conflict was positively associated with perceived job-performance loss. Employees’ perceived job-performance loss increases their work efforts and reduces family hours. Gender also moderated the positive effects between family-work conflict and perceived job-performance loss; this relationship was stronger for male employees. Furthermore, family-work conflict has a conditional, positive indirect effect on work effort and considers reduced family hours through perceived job-performance loss, such that the indirect effects are stronger for male employees than for female employees.
This study extends the theory and research on family-work conflict in three ways. First, we complement and extend the family-work conflict research by revealing the positive effects of family-work conflict on employee work behaviors. The existing literature generally emphasizes that family-work conflict is detrimental to work. This study challenged conventional wisdom and provided a more balanced and dialectical understanding of the relationship between family-work conflict and work behavior. Second, we enrich the empirical research on the conditional effect of identity maintenance by providing evidence that gender is a significant factor influencing the process of identity maintenance. Third, we draw upon identity maintenance theory to explore the mechanism of family-work conflict to stimulate employees’ identity maintenance process. We further revealed a new explanatory mechanism of the relationship between employees’ family-work conflict and behavioral outcomes.
Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2024-06-05
Abstract： Health anxiety, characterized by excessive fear and worry about one’s health, is closely linked to interpretation bias as outlined in the comprehensive model of health anxiety. Research suggests that individuals with health anxiety often exhibit catastrophizing interpretations, and mitigating these interpretations can alleviate health anxiety symptoms. This study aims to examine the effects of internet-based cognitive bias modification of interpretation (iCBM-I) training on health anxiety, catastrophizing interpretation, anxiety, and depression symptoms. It also explores the longitudinal mediating mechanism of catastrophizing interpretation, providing insights for internet-based interventions for health anxiety.
In this randomized controlled trial, 228 participants with health anxiety (Short Health Anxiety Inventory SHAI scores ≥ 15) were randomly assigned to an iCBM-I group (100% positive feedback, N = 76), an attention control group (50% positive and 50% negative feedback, N = 76), or a wait-list control group (N = 76). Participants in the iCBM-I and attention control groups completed internet-based tasks over 12 days (one session every three days, totaling four sessions). Health anxiety, catastrophizing interpretation, anxiety, and depression were measured at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and a one-month follow-up to assess the immediate and long-term effects of the iCBM-I program.
The intent-to-treat principle was employed, and the generalized linear mixed model analyzed the intervention effects. Two-factor analysis of variance and hierarchical regression examined the moderating effects of demographic and baseline symptom variables. Additionally, the parallel development latent growth curve model analyzed the longitudinal mediating effect of catastrophizing interpretation.
Results indicated that the iCBM-I group with 100% positive feedback showed significant immediate effects on reducing catastrophizing interpretation, anxiety, and depression symptoms compared to the wait-list group. One-month follow-up results revealed significant effects on health anxiety, catastrophizing interpretation, anxiety, and depression. Marital status, baseline health anxiety symptoms, and catastrophizing interpretation moderated the iCBM-I intervention effects, with catastrophizing interpretation serving as a longitudinal mediator.
This study developed an iCBM-I self-help intervention mini-program for health anxiety, demonstrating its feasibility, efficacy, and psychological mechanisms. The findings provide empirical support for cognitive theories of emotion and offer a novel perspective for networked interventions in health anxiety. Future research should consider integrating top-down and bottom-up combined intervention therapies to further investigate their effects and mechanisms in health-anxious individuals.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-06-05
Abstract： According to the dual-system theory of addiction, both substance and behavioral addictions are caused by the interaction between the reflective system represented by the prefrontal cortex and the impulsive system represented by the striatum. However, while most current studies examine the changes in the reflective and impulsive systems of substance and behavioral addictions separately, the overall understanding of these under different tasks remains incomplete. There is a need for further exploration of the commonalities and differences in the neural mechanisms between different types of addictions. Therefore, the current study used meta-analysis to investigate the neural activation patterns of substance and behavioral addictions in three types of tasks: inhibition control, reward processing, and craving induction. Then, contrast analysis was used to evaluate the similarities and differences in neural activation patterns of substance and behavioral addictions in these three tasks. The current study used activation likelihood estimation (ALE) to conduct a meta-analysis of neuroimaging data. The substance addiction included 22 inhibition control tasks, 9 reward processing tasks, and 17 craving induction tasks. The behavioral addiction included 15 inhibition control tasks, 22 reward processing tasks, and 12 craving induction tasks. The meta-analysis was conducted in the standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space, and GingerALE (3.0.2) was used to convert the Talairach coordinates obtained in the studies to MNI coordinates. The probability maps used p < 0.001 (Uncorrected) as threshold. The minimum cluster size was set at 250 mm3. Finally, under the three different tasks, contrast analysis was performed on substance and behavioral addictions. Group similarities and differences were examined using contrast analyses. The threshold for group-contrasts was set to p < 0.01 uncorrected for multiple comparisons with 10000 permutations, and the minimum cluster size was greater than 50mm3. The results found that: (1) In inhibition control tasks, substance addictions and behavioral addictions do not have the same activated brain areas; however, substance addictions exhibit decreased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while behavioral addictions show increased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. (2) In cue-induced craving tasks, both substance addictions and behavioral addictions showed increased activation in the inferior frontal gyrus. (3) In reward processing tasks, substance addictions exhibit stronger activation in the striatum than behavioral addictions. In summary, the current meta-analysis shows that substance addictions and behavioral addictions exhibit differences and similarities in neural mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex and striatum in inhibition control, cue-induced craving, and reward processing tasks. In the striatum system, although substance addiction showed stronger activation increase than behavioral addiction in reward-related tasks, both substance and behavioral addictions showed abnormal activation increase. However, in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, behavioral addiction only showed a substance addiction-like response when induced by addictive cues; in inhibition control, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation decreased in substance addiction, while it increased in behavioral addiction, allowing behavioral addiction to meet task requirements through compensatory activation.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-04
Abstract： This study explores the relationship between the content of anxiety dreams and emotional states, analyzing the connection between dream content characteristics and individual emotional states. A purposive and snowball sampling method was used to recruit 120 participants aged 18 to 35. Data were collected through dream diaries and the DASS-21 scale, and dream variables were assessed using the Mannheim Dream Questionnaire. The results showed that the frequency of anxiety dreams was significantly related to the participants’ daily emotional states, and dream tone and emotional intensity were also closely related to emotional states. High-frequency anxiety dreams and negative dream content may reflect individual emotional problems and potentially exacerbate anxiety and depressive symptoms. This systematic exploration of the relationship between anxiety dream content and emotional states provides new perspectives and foundations for understanding and improving individual mental health.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Management Science >> Management Theory submitted time 2024-06-04
Abstract： There is no society without interaction, and only when there is interaction can it be called a society. In the definition of society, overemphasizing identity and belonging, and placing the importance of identity and belonging above interaction, is a narrowing of society and is not in line with reality. There is not only mutual recognition and cooperation, but also contradictions and disputes, which is the normal state of society. Although there can be close relationships between different species of animals, this relationship is often not an equal relationship, and the content is usually incomplete, and only some aspects are similar to society. It is necessary to define the category of society strictly between the same species. As for whether a society can be passed on from generation to generation, this should only be the result of the development and evolution of the society, not whether the society is a necessary prerequisite of a society. A social group that has existed in history but has become extinct is also a form of society, and it cannot be assumed that it is not a society just because it has become extinct.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-03
Abstract： According to China’s Internet development statistics report, young Internet users account for 28.4% among the 1.092 billion Internet users. Meanwhile, adolescent cyberbullying has also emerged, who are victims of cyberbullying at risk for depression, anxiety, and non-suicidal self-injury,In order to find intervention methods, researchers urgently need to broaden and deepen the understanding of adolescent cyberbullying./t/nBased on the general attack model, this study used network analysis to explore the network structure and gender differences of 3240 adolescents’ cyberbullying. At the same time, this study also explored the gender differences in the network structure between cyberbullying and trait anger of 1753 middle school students./t/nThe research results show that the network of adolescent cyberbullying contains 15 nodes, 75 non-0 edges, and the average weight is 0.06. Among them, “I often abuse others when playing online games” is the core symptom of adolescent cyberbullying. Besides, there are also gender differences in adolescent cyberbullying. The specific values of boys’ and girls’ networks in terms of overall intensity are 48.62 and 29.24 respectively, and boys are more inclined to direct aggression, while girls’ core symptom are more likely to relational aggression and indirect aggression. However, in both boys’ and girls’ network structures, I often abuse others when playing online games ranked first in the expected influence index./t/nThere are also gender differences in the network structure of adolescents’ cyberbullying and trait anger. In the network structure of girls, the expected influence index of I exclude some people on forum posts or social networking sites is the highest, while in the network structure of boys, the expected impact index of I intentionally divulge private information of others online is the highest. In addition, we found that the items of temperamental anger were more segmented from the overall network, while the items of reactive anger were more closely connected with the overall network.These findings expand our understanding of adolescent cyberbullying and the influence of trait anger on it as well as they provide suggestions for intervention of adolescent cyberbullying.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-03
Abstract： Interpersonal invisibility refers to the intentional or unintentional disregard of individuals in social interactions, resulting in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disengagement or reduced engagement. Essentially, it represents an implicit form of interpersonal devaluation and exclusion. Interpersonal invisibility is closely linked to social hierarchy, with individuals of lower social hierarchy being more susceptible to experiencing it. Theoretical frameworks such as sociocultural mechanisms, the status hypothesis, affordance-management theory, and intersectional invisibility theory serve as crucial perspectives for explaining this phenomenon. Future research should further refine the conceptualization and measurement of interpersonal invisibility, deepen theoretical investigations into its effects on individuals of lower social hierarchy, explore the interaction between the social hierarchy of both interactants, address and mitigate the negative consequences of interpersonal invisibility, and examine its unique effects within the context of Chinese culture.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-02
Abstract： The relations of music and language pitch processing have been extensively investigated during these years. Based on the similarity of resource invocation of language and music processing, researchers believe that language and music processing have a common neurophysiological basis and the experience of the two fields can be transferred to each other. The transfer effect of the domain-general acoustical experience of processing has been validated by a large number of studies. However, in addition to domain-general acoustic resources, language processing also involves phonological resources specific to the language domain, such as the categorical perception of tones. Researchers pointed out that experience in language and music can also transfer at the level of domain-specific competence, revealing the transfer of training effect. To date, whether this kind of transfer effect in terms of the categorical perception of tones happens remains unclear. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the transfer of language and music experience in native Mandarin-speaking musicians in a bi-directional fashion./t/nThe present study used a 2 (group: musicians vs. non-musicians) × 2 (stimulus type: music vs. speech) between-and-within-subjects design. Sixty participants were involved in the current study, including thirty native Mandarin-speaking musicians and thirty native Mandarin-speaking non-musicians. The identification and discrimination tasks in the traditional categorical perception paradigm were adopted, in which the Mandarin T1-T2 tonal continuum from i ˥ to i˧˥ and its musical counterpart were constructed. The identification task required the participants to judge whether the stimulus in the continuum was T1 or T2, and the discrimination task asked participants to decide whether the two stimuli crossing two steps were the same or different./t/nSeen from the identification curve, musicians showed sharper and narrower categorical boundary compared to non-musicians. Both curves of musical stimuli and language stimuli yielded the typical pattern of categorical perception, i.e., the difference in identification rate between the two adjacent stimuli across the boundary was much larger than that between the two adjacent stimuli on both sides of the boundary. In the discrimination task, musicians showed enhanced within-category discrimination accuracy, between-category discrimination accuracy, and discrimination peakedness. Also, the discrimination accuracy of between-category stimuli units could be seen higher than that of within-category stimuli units, which could be interpreted as a typical pattern of categorical perception./t/nThe results showed that music experience could significantly enhance the phonological ability of native Chinese musicians, and their linguistic categorical perception pattern was transferred to musical perception. The conclusion could be drawn that there was a bi-directional transfer effect between the language and music experience of native Mandarin-speaking musicians on the categorical perception of tones, which provides empirical support for the “training transfer effect”. The “shared domain-general view” of language and music processing, i.e., language and music processing share a common neurophysiological basis, could also be validated in terms of the phonological processing ability specific to the language domain.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-02
Abstract： Spatial communication refers to the process of exchanging spatial information among collaborators in spatial cooperation tasks. Previous research has shown that social-spatial cues, environmental cues, and layout cues can influence spatial communication. However, the exploration of their multi-cue impact mechanisms has been insufficient. Additionally, factors like perspective and field cognitive style are worthy of investigation as they may affect spatial communication through their influence on spatial perspective-taking processes and spatial cue extraction. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of consistency in multiple spatial cues, spatial perspective-taking ability, and field cognitive style on spatial communication under different perspectives. Building upon the classical paradigm of spatial communication, this study investigated the multi-cue impact mechanisms by constructing more realistic small-scale indoor virtual environments. Study 1 examined the multi-cue effects on the expression process from the first-person perspective (Experiment 1) and the third-person perspective (Experiment 2). Study 2 explored the multi-cue effects on the reception process from the first-person perspective (Experiment 3) and the third-person perspective (Experiment 4). Study 1 employed a three-factor mixed design, with the core within-subject independent variable being the consistency of spatial cues, derived from social-spatial, environmental, and layout cues. The remaining between-subject variables were spatial perspective-taking ability and field cognitive style. Dependent variables included the ratio of choosing self or other-centric reference frames,duration of language organization and expression. Study 2 utilized a four-factor mixed design, introducing an additional within-subject independent variable, the reference frame of expression statement. Dependent variables comprised accuracy and time taken for understanding expression statements. All data were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. Findings revealed that, in the first-person perspective, greater support for spatial reference frames led to a higher likelihood of expresser using them for spatial information, shorter language organization duration, and faster comprehension and higher comprehension correctness of corresponding spatial statements by receiver. Moreover, layout cues had a greater support effect than environmental cues. The higher the spatial perspective-taking ability, the more inclined the expresser is to choose to express spatial language using other-centric reference frame, and the more correct and time-consuming it is for the receiver to understand the spatial utterance. Field-independent expresser showed a more pronounced effect of spatial cue support in choosing reference frames compared to field-dependent expresser. In spatial communication from a third-person perspective, layout cues continued to have a support effect, while environmental cues did not. In both perspectives, receiver comprehended spatial language expressed using receiver-centric frame more quickly. The results indicate that: First, in the first-person spatial communication, there is a presence of spatial cue support effects, with the support effect of layout cues significantly outweighing that of environmental cues; regarding reference frame selection, the consistency of spatial cues has a greater impact on field-independent expresser; the higher the spatial perspective-tasking ability, the more the expresser tends to take on a higher cognitive load and the higher the efficiency of the receiver’s comprehension. Second, the third-person perspective not only diminishes the supportive effects of spatial cues and the influence of spatial perspective-taking ability on spatial communication, but it also complicates the process of representation to varying degrees for the two types of field cognitive style expressers. But the use of a receiver’s frame of reference for linguistic representation is the optimal method for improving comprehension efficiency regardless of perspective.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-01
Abstract： Body dissatisfaction is common among adolescents, and the use of social networking sites is a risk factor. Conducting a systematic review of the manifestations, pathways, and moderators of how social networking site use affects adolescents’ body dissatisfaction is crucial for preventing and addressing this issue. The use of social networking sites can impact adolescents’ body dissatisfaction in several ways. This influence occurs through three main pathways: comparison and internalization of the ideal body, self-objectification and body surveillance, and appearance self-schema and appearance self-discrepancy. Furthermore, this effect is moderated by personality factors, including the Big Five personality traits, narcissism and perfectionism; self-cognitive factors, such as self-compassion and self-concept clarity; and media-cognitive factors, including social media literacy and appearance-related social media consciousness. Future research should focus on exploring the relationship between social networking site use and body dissatisfaction in China, expanding the scope to include various aspects such as research subjects, methods, and content, and further validating and simplifying the theoretical framework. This will help develop more effective online intervention programs to address adolescents’ body dissatisfaction.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2024-06-01
Abstract： Against the background of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, enterprises are facing severe pressure related to green development. Green creativity, which refers to the development of new ideas about green products, green services, green processes, or green practices that are judged to be original, novel, and useful, is the key way to realize the low-carbon development of enterprises. However, there is still a lack of systematic understanding of the stimulating factors and mechanisms of green creativity. Individual factors (motivation, cognition, emotion, attitude, ability, and behavior) and contextual factors (leadership, vision and strategy, management practice, and comprehensive strength) constitute the antecedent variables that influence employee green creativity. On this basis, the functions of the above factors can be divided into two categories: (1) the situation → individual driving path model, where self-determination theory, social cognition theory, affective events theory, and attitude change theory are the patterns of explanation perspectives; and (2) the interaction model of individual and situation, in which competency activation model and motivated information processing theory are the patterns of explanation perspectives. Future research can start from concept definition, traditional influence, team level, dynamic attributes, persistence and the price that needs to be paid to enrich the green creativity theory system.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-05-31
Abstract： The development of attentional functions is a fundamental issue of human cognitive development, but the available evidence for its developmental trajectory is inconsistent due to the diversity and low reliability of measurement paradigms. The study examined the development of attentional functions and attentional collaborations in 281 Chinese primary school children (109 girls, 5.98-13.24 years old) using the self-designed High Reliability-Composite Attention Test. Results showed that the executive control continued to develop prior to the age of 10. It further contributed to the linear development of attentional collaborations. Each of these scores exhibited a split-half reliability exceeding 0.82. Therefore, we effectively demonstrated a mechanism for attentional development that revolves around executive control.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-05-29
Abstract： Prosocial behavior is a major aspect of social functioning in childhood and adolescence. Research has indicated relations between parental warmth and children’s prosocial behavior. However, the meachanims for the relations remain unclear, especially in non-Western countries. The primary purpose of the present longitudinal study was to explore the role of children’s group orientation in linking parental warmth and children’s prosocial behavior. Group orientation, characterized as concern for group welfare and interpersonal harmony, has been particularly emphasized in socialization and believed to regulate children’s behaviors in social interaction in Chinese collectivistic society. To address the gap in the literature, this study examined the transactional relations among perceived parental warmth, child group orientation, and child prosocial behavior with a focus on the mediating effects of group orientation.
Multi-wave longitudinal data were collected each year from Grade 4 to Grade 6 in a sample of five randomly selected regular public elementary schools in China (initial N = 1033; 49.5% girls; initial Mage = 10.28 years, SD = 0.69). Data on parental warmth, group orientation, and prosocial behavior were obtained from multiple sources including self-reports and teacher ratings. Measurement invariance tests were first conducted for the measures with multiple indicators across three times of measurement. Next, latent cross-lagged panel models were constructed to examine the relations among maternal/paternal warmth, group orientation, and prosocial behavior controlling children’s gender and parental educational level. Multigroup analyses were also conducted to examine gender differences in the models.
The results showed that maternal warmth positively predicted later prosocial behavior, and child prosocial behavior positively predicted later paternal warmth. Both paternal and maternal warmth positively predicted child group orientation, which in turn positively predicted child prosocial behavior; group orientation was a mediator of the contributions of parental warmth to prosocial behavior. Multigroup analyses showed no significant gender differences in the cross-lagged paths.
The findings highlight the crucial role that group orientation plays in the link between parental warmth and children’s prosocial behavior. The study has significant implications for early intervention to promote children’s prosocial behavior.
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment
YES