Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Empathy is a usual intervention in counseling and psychotherapy. In the field of dance/movement therapy (D/MT) field, empathy mainly refers to kinesthetic empathy. It is a core concept that has long been stated in dance/movement therapy literature and applied in dance/movement therapy practice. According to the literature and techniques of kinesthetic empathy, it consists of mirroring, witnessing, and leaderless dance. Mirroring is a popular technique in dance/movement therapy studies. Researchers considered the reason of effectiveness of kinesthetic empathy in three main perspectives. Examining previous studies, we find that there are still some existing questions in this field need to be explored in future: 1) clarifying a precise definition of kinesthetic empathy, 2) developing an assessment tool directed to kinesthetic empathy, 3) carrying out more empirical studies about dance/movement therapeutic process and outcome.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： According to terror management theory (TMT), individuals assuage the death anxiety that is rooted in their awareness of mortality mainly through three defense mechanisms: worldview, self-esteem and close relationship. Previous studies supported the view that the three defense mechanisms functioned equally when individuals managed death anxiety, which was described as fluid compensation. In this paper, we will discuss the basis and limitations of fluid compensation. Based on related opinions and research, a new viewpoint, priority hypothesis, is proposed to describe the relationship of death anxiety defense mechanisms. We believe that the three defense mechanisms do not function equally when individuals manage death anxiety. Instead, close relationship defense takes priority, then worldview defense, and lastly self-esteem. This priority may be rooted in the developmental sequence and derivative relation of the three defense mechanisms. Further directions will also be discussed.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-01-15
Abstract：
People usually eat with others in their daily life, which is referred to as eating together. There are overlaps and differences between the concepts of eating together and joint consumption as well as co-experiencing from the psychological perspective, and eating together can be categorized into different types along different dimensions. Moreover, the influence of eating together on food consumption can be integrated into a “double-edged sword” effect, and a theoretical model is developed based on this effect and the differences in eating behaviors between different types of eating together. According to this model, eating together may promote healthy eating (positive effect) or lead to unhealthy eating behaviors (negative effect) under different theoretical perspectives. Future research should further investigate how to attenuate the negative effects of eating together on food consumption via the Nudge Theory, explore multiple interactions of eating together by utilizing cutting-edge technologies, and explore the influence of eating together on emotions to integrate the strengths of eating together and other eating behaviors.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2022-07-30
Abstract： Meta-analysis is a crucial tool for accumulating evidence in basic and applied research. In the open science era, meta-analysis becomes an important way for integrating open data from different sources. Meanwhile, because of the great researchers’ degree introduced by multiple-step and multiple-choices in each step of meta-analysis, the openness and transparency are crucial for reproducing results of meta-analysis. To (1) understand the transparency and openness of meta-analysis reports published in Chinese journals and (2) improve the transparency and openness of future meta-analysis by Chinese researchers, we developed a Chinese version of checklist for meta-analysis, which was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocols (PRISMA) and the principle of openness and transparency, and then surveyed the methods and results of 68 meta-analysis papers in mainstream Chinese psychological journals in last five years. Our results revealed that openness and transparency of Chinese meta-analysis reports need to be improved, especially in the following aspects: the date/time and limitation of literature search, the details of screening and data collection, the flow chart of article screening, the details of effect size transformation, and the evaluation of individual research bias. The checklist we present, which lists almost all aspects that an open meta-analysis should include, can be used as a guide for future meta-analysis.
Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology submitted time 2022-06-17
Abstract：
People are influenced by their emotional state and confused by environmental stimuli in anxiety, which leads to the deviation of time duration judgment. In this article, three experiments were conducted to explore the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment, and the moderated mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and memory bias.
Experiment 1 investigated the effect of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment. Sixty college students participated and were randomly assigned to a high state anxiety group (n=30, completed a procedure of anxious state induction) and a low state anxiety group (n=30, completed a procedure of calm state induction). Then，the verbal estimation task was used to measure the retrospective time duration judgment. Experiment 2 investigated the mediating role of memory bias in the effect of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment through measuring memory by the free recall task. Experiment 3 investigated the moderated mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and memory bias through measuring cognitive appraisal by the visual analogue mood scales.
The results showed that (1) State anxiety had an effect on retrospective time duration judgment, namely, the high state anxiety individuals overestimate the duration than the low state anxiety individuals. (2) Memory bias played a mediating role in the relationship between state anxiety and retrospective time duration judgment. (3) Cognitive appraisal moderated the mediation effect of memory bias on the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment. Specifically, when the score of cognitive appraisal was low, memory bias played a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment, while when the score of cognitive appraisal was high, memory bias did not play a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on retrospective time duration judgment.
Therefore, the effect of state anxiety on college students’ retrospective time duration judgment was a moderated mediating effect. The results reveal the internal process of the retrospective time duration judgment of anxious individuals, which can verify the attention gate model and enrich the explanatory perspective of anxiety influencing the retrospective time duration judgment through memory bias, and provide an important reference for improving the time deviation of anxious individuals through the adjustment of cognitive appraisal.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-03-02
Abstract：
"
People tend to associate colors with specific flavors, establishing color–flavor associations, and people can generate flavor expectations about foods and beverages based on color. Recent research has shown that participants can generate color expectations about packaged food based on a flavor label to guide the visual search for this flavor. However, it remains unclear how flavors modulate color processing. Here, we conducted two visual search experiments to address this issue.
In Experiment 1, we used a peristaltic pump to deliver a dose of fruit-flavored beverage or flavorless purified water to the participants’ mouths, followed by a shaped-based visual search task. Half of the participants were informed that the strawberry and pineapple flavors were always followed by targets in the associated colors, while the rest of them were informed that the strawberry and pineapple flavors were always followed by targets in the non-associated colors. The flavorless water was not predictive of the color of the target. Their visual searches were faster when the target appeared in a flavor-associated color or when the target appeared in a non-associated color but the flavor-associated color was absent from the display. By contrast, the flavor cue did not facilitate visual search if the distractor was presented in the flavor-associated color, thus indicative of prioritized attention to this associated color.
Considering that the participants were exposed to the flavor labels when they received their instructions at the beginning of Experiment 1, we conducted Experiment 2 to rule out the possible influence of flavor labels. Experiment 2 was performed with the same methods as in Experiment 1 except for one important difference. The participants were not given information regarding the specific flavors. They were only informed that flavors A and B were always followed by red- and yellow-colored targets, respectively. The flavors were always followed by targets in the associated colors for half of the participants and by non-associated colors for the rest of the participants. We obtained similar result patterns as in Experiment 1.
The results of these two experiments consistently revealed an attentional bias toward flavor-associated colors in the shape-based visual search. These findings show how flavor cues could modulate visual information processing. Our findings provide empirical evidence regarding color-flavor interactions by showing the influence of gustatory cues on visual attention, which allows us to further investigate the underlying mechanisms and neural basis of crossmodal influence in future research.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2021-09-26
Abstract： " Shame is a core hidden negative emotion, which plays an important role in the process of substance abuse and withdrawal. The concept of shame is complex with plenty of measurements, whose influence on substance abuse is modulated by sex, emotion, culture, and the controllability of self-image. Substance abuse groups intervention based on shame include Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Acceptance and Commitment Treatment, and Cognitive Behavior Treatment. Under the Chinese Culture, the substance abuse group intervention model based on shame needs further investigation. " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-02-08
Abstract： Returnees usually face problems of re-adaptation when returning to their home country after living abroad for a period of time. One of the significant issues is the reverse culture shock. This latter may have severe consequential impacts on returnee’s mental health, emotional stress, interpersonal relationships and sociocultural adaptation. Our current work sorts out the psychological and behavioral consequences of the reverse cultural shock, and analyzes the conceptual framework and its underlying mental processes. It is our hope that this work would provide scientific evidence and empirical support to better inform the government and higher education institutions regarding policy making. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-02-08
Abstract： This article reviews and synthesizes differing aspects of the psychology of globalization, including the developmental trajectories, core issues, individual responses, reflections and future prospects, with special emphasis on the folk theories of globalization, the double-edged sword effects of multicultural experiences, identifications with global culture and all humanity, psychological responses to globalization, and the moral reflections on globalization. This article also attempts to provide cultural psychological interpretations of the globalization paradox and summarizes the contributions and limitations of previous work. It is our hope that our current work would promote more research to further explore how the macro-process of globalization and the micro-process of human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors dynamically (re)shape each other.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2021-01-15
Abstract： [Objective] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of scarcity on panic buying as well as the uderlying psychological path and its boundary. [Methods] Study 1 explored the impact of scarcity through objective indicators using bigdata.Study 2 implemented a nationwide online survey with high ecological validity during the outbreak period. Study 3 conducted three experiments by priming scarcity in different public emergencies. [Results] Scarcity intensified panic buying (study1-3), and the sense of control and panic serially mediated this strengthening effect (study 2-3). However, this serial mediation effect was only supported in the emergent public crisis with high-risk (study 3a, 3C), but was not supported in the emergent public crisis with lower-risk (study 3b). [Limitations] The chained mediation model between sense of control and panic cannot explain the psychological mechanism of scarcity caused by panic buying in the emergent public crisis with low risk perception. Future research needed continue to explore. More objective indicators of scarcity and panic buying are worthy of further investigation. [Conclusions] In the high-risk emergent public crisis, scarcity aggravates panic buying through reducing the sense of control and then increasing panic. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-10-19
Abstract： This article systematically sorts out the influencing factors of the mental health problems of Chinese International students. We point out that the impacts of Confucian culture, language barrier, academic stress, social relations and discrimination on the mental health of Chinese International students. Moreover, we synthesize intervention techniques for mental health problems based on three aspects: social relations, cognitive and behavior, and Internet social media, which may inspire new and effective interventions for Chinese International students in the future. We hope that this integrated review can better inform international educators, cultural psychology researchers, psychological counselors and other relevant groups to gain a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the acculturation difficulties and mental issues faced by Chinese International students, which will ultimately facilitate the development of effective psychological interventions. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-08-15
Abstract： Binocular disparity, a critical cue to stereopsis, is defined as the small horizontal displacement between the two corresponding images projected onto the retina of the two eyes. The study of binocular disparity can be dated back to the early 18th century. Recent studies on binocular disparity have advanced our understanding in two aspects. The first is using electrophysiological and brain imaging technique to investigate the functional specialization in disparity processing in the dorsal and ventral visual pathways, which reveals hierarchical and parallel processing principles in the visual system. The second is about learning-induced plasticity. Future research needs to combine brain imaging, neuromodulation and other cutting-edge techniques to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying binocular disparity, its learning effect, and the interaction between binocular disparity and other depth clues. On the application side, future research needs to optimize training paradigms (e.g., with virtual reality technique) for rehabilitation and enhancement in the binocular disparity performance. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-09-16
Abstract： When asked questions that are framed by moral action rather than by moral judgment, dual-process moral theory posits that people will tend to be more deontological or more sensitive to norms because of a stronger moral-disgust arousal to a sacrificing proposal (e.g., sacrifice one innocent life to save five or more others). However, the action-based model of cognitive dissonance predicts that the decision-maker will be less deontological or less sensitive to norms because of the stronger motivation to reduce the dissonance state. In the present research, three studies (N = 960) were conducted to clarify this moral-question framing effect. Study 1 utilized a classic moral dilemma paradigm to preliminarily assess the moral-question framing effect. Study 2 applied a 2 (norm: proscriptive/prescriptive) × 2 (consequence: benefits greater than/smaller than costs) × 2 (frame: moral judgment/moral action) within-subject design and a new algorithm to further define the boundary conditions of the moral-question framing effect. Study 3 adopted a consequences–norms–generalized inaction/action preferences (CNI) model to validate the new algorithm and the results of Study 2. Together, the results show that participants were less sensitive to norms, were more sensitive to consequences, and transitioned from a generalized action preference to a generalized inaction preference when they were asked moral action- versus moral judgment-framed questions. Thus, the present research supports the action-based model of cognitive dissonance and reveals that moral decision-making is affected by the motivation process. Theoretical and methodological implications are also discussed."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-05-29
Abstract： Loss of control in substance seeking and use of addicts is closely related to response inhibition. Many studies have explored this relationship in context of substance-related cues. Substance cues can be automatically captured by attention and also induce non-automatic approach-motivated state. As a consequence, these cues may consume limited cognitive resources through a stimulus-driven and a state-dependent manner in order to influence addicts' response inhibition. And these effects also play important roles in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. Further research should be carried out to reveal the neural mechanisms of both manners, clarify how motivations and attitudes towards substance use modulate these effects, conduct research in real situations, and discover more effective interventions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-04-06
Abstract： Anxiety is associated with high levels of arousal. Both theoretical and empirical work have determined that when an individual experiences anxiety, he/she shows attentional bias toward negative stimuli. High arousal and negative attentional bias, as the two key characteristics of anxiety, are associated with a series of subjective feelings and experiences of individuals with state anxiety, among which time perception is significant. However, how this process operates remains an open question. In this article, we investigate how state anxious individuals perceive time, especially the roles of attention bias and cognitive appraisal in this process. Sixty college students participated in the study and were randomly assigned to a high state anxiety group (n=30, completed a procedure of anxious state induction) and a low state anxiety group (n=30, completed a procedure of calm state induction). Then，a 2 (high state anxiety group vs. low state anxiety group) × 2 (negative stimuli vs. neutral stimuli) × 3 (2000 ms vs. 4000 ms vs. 8000 ms) mixed-design experiment was conducted with the attentional bias as the mediator, the cognitive appraisal as the moderator and the time perception as the dependent variable. State anxiety was manipulated by an induction process, time perception was measured by the time reproduction task, attentional bias was measured by the dot-probe task and cognitive appraisal was assessed by the visual analogue mood scales. The results showed that (1) State anxiety had an effect on time perception, namely, individuals with high state anxiety overestimated the 2-second interval of the negative stimuli. (2) Attentional bias played a partial mediating role in the relationship between state anxiety and time perception of 2000 ms. (3) Cognitive appraisal moderated the mediation effect of attentional bias on the influence of state anxiety on time perception of 2000 ms. Specifically, when the score of cognitive appraisal was high, attentional bias played a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on time perception, while when the score of cognitive appraisal was low, attentional bias did not play a mediating role in the influence of state anxiety on time perception. Therefore, the effect of state anxiety on college students’ time perception was a moderated mediating effect. The moderated mediating model significantly revealed the effect mechanism of state anxiety on college students’ time perception, which can contribute to a better understanding of how individuals in an anxious state perceive time. Furthermore, it suggests that the adjustment of cognitive appraisal or attentional bias is an important way to alleviate the time distortion of anxious individuals.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2018-11-16
Abstract： The relationship of Socioeconomic status (SES) and human brain structure/function, has great significance of understanding the effects of socioeconomic factors on the psychology and behavior and preventing the brain/mental illness. Over the past decade, researchers have used cognitive neuroscience to explore the relationship between SES and the brain, finding that SES indicators are related to brain structure and function, but it remains unclear whether the conclusions of different studies are consistent. This paper reviews the researches on SES and brain, from the perspective of brain structure and function, and from the perspectives of cognition and emotion. It was found that (1) structurally, SES level may be related to the hippocampus and frontal lobe, which are considered responsible for memory and executive function, as well as the limbic system involved in emotional processing.(2) functionally, the brain regions related to executive function, learning and memory may differ in activity patterns in individuals with different SES levels. and SES is also related to the brain activity induced by emotions and rewards. It is worth noting that due to challenges such as the complexity of SES, the dynamic nature of brain development, the multi-layered influence of SES on the brain and methodological rigor, stable conclusions cannot be drawn from the current research. Therefore, this paper further points out that future research should not only tackle the above challenges, but also consider the impact of cultural differences, so as to turther understand the relationship between SES and brain and provide guidance for social policies."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2018-10-16
Abstract： Recently, previously established embodiment effects (e.g. power pose effects) have partly failed to replicate, calling into question whether embodiment is in fact a true effect. Based on an analysis of the concepts of “conceptualization”, “alternative” and “construction” of embodiment cognition, this present article proposed a way out of the dilemma by specifying four characteristics of this effect: embodied generating level, strength degree, constructing direction and experimental task. Clarifying these four aspects could be helpful to accurately understand the embodiment effect and address the replication crisis. Future studies could conduct by differentiating and synthesizing the embodied generating levels, distinguishing different conditions for embodied strength, discovering the mediating or moderating role of embodied variables, and creating new specific experimental paradigms.
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