分类: 农、林、牧、渔 >> 农、林、牧、渔业科学其他学科 提交时间: 2024-06-17 合作期刊: 《智慧农业(中英文)》
摘要: [目的/意义]传统的小麦倒伏检测方法需要人工进行田间观测和记录,这种方法存在主观、效率低、劳 动强度大等问题,难以满足大规模的小麦倒伏检测的需求。基于深度学习的小麦倒伏检测技术虽已在一定程度上 得到应用,但普遍局限于对小麦单一发育阶段的倒伏识别,而倒伏可能发生在小麦生长的各个时期,不同时期倒 伏特征变化复杂,这给模型特征捕捉能力带来考验。本研究旨在探索一种基于深度学习技术的多生育期小麦倒伏 区域检测方法。[方法]用无人机采集小麦灌浆期、早熟期、晚熟期这三个关键生长阶段的RGB图像,通过数据 增强等技术构建出多生育期小麦倒伏数据集。提出一种小麦倒伏提取模型Lodging2Former,该模型在Mask2Former 的基础上加以改进,引入分层交互式特征金字塔网络(Hierarchical Interactive Feature Pyramid Network, HI-FPN ), 用于提高模型在复杂田间背景干扰下对于多个生长阶段小麦倒伏特征的捕捉能力。[结果和讨论]所提出的Lodg⁃ ing2Former模型相较于现存的多种主流算法,如Mask R-CNN (Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network)、 SOLOv2(Segmenting Objects by Locations, Version 2) 以及Mask2Former,在平均精度均值(mean Average Precision, mAP) 上展现出显著优势。在阈值分别为0.5、0.75以及0.5~0.95的条件下,模型的mAP值分别达到了79.5%、 40.2%和43.4%,相比Mask2Former模型,mAP性能提升了1.3%~4.3%。[结论]提出的HI-FPN网络可以有效利用 图像中的上下文语义和细节信息,通过提取丰富的多尺度特征,增强了模型对小麦在不同生长阶段倒伏区域的检 测能力,证实了HI-FPN在多生育期小麦倒伏检测中的应用潜力和价值。
提交时间: 2017-05-02
摘要: Two kinds of organophosphorous-functionalized ionic liquid [ILs] were synthesized and confirmed by FT-IR, HRMS and NMR. The ionic liquids have good thermostability and the viscosity decrease with the increasing temperature. They were used as plasticizer f
分类: 生物学 >> 生物物理学 >> 生物物理、生物化学与分子生物学 提交时间: 2016-05-12
摘要: With the aim of broadening the versatility of lentiviral vectors as a tool in nucleic acid research, we expanded the genetic code in the propagation of lentiviral vectors for site-specific incorporation of chemical moieties with unique properties. Through systematic exploration of the structure-function relationship of lentiviral VSVg envelope by site-specific mutagenesis and incorporation of residues displaying azide- and diazirine-moieties, the modifiable sites on the vector surface were identified, with most at the PH domain that neither affects the expression of envelope protein nor propagation or infectivity of the progeny virus. Furthermore, via the incorporation of such chemical moieties, a variety of fluorescence probes, ligands, PEG and other functional molecules are conjugated, orthogonally and stoichiometrically, to the lentiviral vector. Using this methodology, a facile platform is established that is useful for tracking virus movement, targeting gene delivery and detecting virus-host interactions. This study may provide a new direction for rational design of lentiviral vectors, with significant impact on both basic research and therapeutic applications.
分类: 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间: 2017-05-02
摘要: Two types of fibers were prepared by using bio- based materials: a mono-filament made from poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and a multi-filament made from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and polylactic acid (PLA) blend. The two fibers were evaluated for mechanical properties, biocompatibility and degradability for the potential appli- cation as medical sutures. The PHBHHx fiber showed remarkable biocompatibility by H.E. Stainning, with very little impact to the surrounding tissues. The degradation of the fiber was observed by SEM after implantation for 36 weeks, and the major degradation product was detected after 96 weeks. Consistently, the PHBHHx fiber main- tained more than half of the mechanical properties after 96 weeks. The other fiber was prepared by twisting PHBV/PLA blend strands to a bunch, and showed high biocom- patibility and relatively high degradability. The bunched structure loosed after 36 weeks of implantation. These low- cost and easily prepared fibers have great potential in medical applications, since they could avoid the formation of fibrous capsule, reduce the size of scar, and degrade into non-toxic and even beneficial products.
提交时间: 2017-05-02
摘要: Nanostructures of stereocomplex polylactide [sc-PLA] are obtained and studied in poly[l-lactide] [PLLA] doped with a low amount of poly[d-lactide] [PDLA] during successive melt-quenching, extrusion, spinning, and drawing processes corresponding to quiesce