Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2024-03-04
Abstract： Statistical power is one of the key indicators for assessing the robustness and replicability of research results. However, the standardization and completeness of calculating and reporting statistical power in event-related potential studies still need improvement. This paper aims to provide researchers with references for calculating and reporting statistical power during the design or preregistration of research protocols at various stages of event-related potential studies by summarizing the influencing factors, methods, and application examples of statistical power in such studies.
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Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-02-26
Abstract： China has now embarked on the new journey of rural revitalization from poverty eradication to the elimination of absolute poverty. The scientific topics of evaluating the living conditions after poverty alleviation, grasping the negative impacts of poverty experiences and changes on child development, and understanding the internal mechanisms are becoming crucial for rural revitalization. Considering the cumulative effects of poverty during growth, there are more potential poverty-related conditions that need to be considered. Besides, how children process and perceive the relevant information after experiencing poverty has often been the determining factor to their development. This study focuses on school-aged children in China who have experienced poverty, aiming to construct a multi-dimensional poverty model that is applicable in the current context. Based on scarcity theory, cognitive and fMRI experiments are proposed to examine the impact of poverty on children's executive function with scarcity theory, and reveal its attention and neural mechanisms. This study intends to provide a new intervention perspective for the cognitive development in impoverished children and support the healthy rural construction.
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology submitted time 2023-12-24
Abstract： Objective: Identify the acute stress response patterns, and explore the difference of state anxiety and positive and negative emotion scores of different acute stress response models at different time points. Methods: The acute stress response of 226 healthy adults was induced by the stress inducing task. Salivary cortisol was collected and the trait anxiety scale, state anxiety scale, and positive and negative emotion scale were filled out at different time points. The latent class growth analysis of salivary cortisol was used for heterogeneity testing. Results: The results showed that the acute stress response pattern can be divided into three latent class: low stress response, medium stress response and high stress response. The state anxiety scores and negative emotion scores of individuals with low acute stress response after the end of stress task were significantly lower than those at the end of stress task. Conclusion: The acute stress response pattern has obvious classification characteristics, including low stress response, medium stress response and high acute stress response. Low stress response individuals will experience negative emotional experience for a short time after stress.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2023-02-27
Abstract： There is a phenomenon of intergenerational transmission of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. Ample studies on intergenerational transmission of pro-environmental attitudes primarily focus on environmental values, environmental concern, sustainable consumer attitudes, while researches on intergenerational transmission of pro-environmental behaviors pay much attention to saving energy behaviors, green purchase behaviors, and recycling behaviors and reuse behaviors. The intergenerational transmission has three interdependent pathways of socialization: (1) parents influence their children, through modeling learning, parent-child communication, parent-child participation; (2) children influence their parents, that is, the process of reverse intergenerational transmission; (3) parents and children are influenced by the shared social and cultural environment, that is, the process of cultural acculturation. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the intergenerational transmission of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors in the context of Chinese culture, and explore its internal mechanism in depth.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2022-03-23
Abstract：
Stress includes two main stages: response and recovery. Stress recovery measurement mainly quantifies the recovery process through the area under the curve, curve fitting, average recovery rate, population pharmacokinetic model and other methods. Stress recovery is closely related to people's physical and mental health. Slow recovery will have an adverse impact on physical and mental health. Personality traits, environment, sleep, cognitive model and other factors will affect stress recovery. Future research can systematically investigate the impact of cognitive models on stress recovery, and pay attention to the physical and mental health of individuals with different recovery models.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology submitted time 2021-07-28
Abstract： Using the simplified Chinese version of the automated operation span task developed by thecurrent study and the Raven progressive matrices， we tested 102 college students． Eighty-six participants were re-tested after approximately 8 days． Results: The Cronbach’s α was 0． 670， and the testretest reliability was 0． 666． Using the Raven progressive matrices as the criterion，we found that Pearson correlation analysis showed significantly positively correlated whenever in the initial test ( r = 0． 33，P ＜ 0． 01) or the re-tested ( r = 0． 39，P ＜ 0． 001) ． Conclusion: The simplified Chinese version of theautomated version of the operation span task had good reliability and validity and was easy to operatefor users． The task can be freely downloaded from https: / /www． labxing． com /lab /695 /data． " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology submitted time 2021-06-02
Abstract： Acute stress is a nonspecific response where an environmental demand exceeds the natural regulatory capacity of an organism, in particular situations that include unpredictability and uncontrollability. The acute stress can affect individuals' attentional bias to emotional stimuli. Previous researches mainly focus on the effect of acute stress on the attentional bias of negative stimuli (e.g. threat), but less is known about the effect of acute stress on positive emotional stimuli (e.g. pleasure,). At the same time, previous researches focused more on the covert attention, compared to the overt attention. It is known that acute stress affects individuals' covert attention bias to emotional stimuli, but the mechanism of how it affects overt attentionl bias is still unclear. To this end, the current study was aimed to investigate the cognitive mechanism of the effect of acute stress on the overt attentional bias of positive and negative emotional stimuli by using an eye tracking techniques. In this study, forty-six healthy male adults were randomly assigned to a stress group (n = 24) and a control group (n = 22). The stress group induced the stress state of individuals by the MAST acute stress task, while the control group remained under the control condition, and then completed the attentional engagement-disengagement task. The results were as follows :(1) The MAST acute stress task successfully induced the stress state of the subjects, and the cortisol concentration, state anxiety scores and negative emotion scores in the stress group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the positive emotion scores were significantly lower than those in the control group. (2) As for the results of behavioral responses, The response time to attentional engagement of positive emotional faces in the stress group was significantly longer than that in the control group; There was no significant difference between the stress group and the control group in the attentional engagement response time of negative emotional faces. The response time of stress group to attention disengagement of positive and negative emotional faces was significantly longer than that of control group. (3) Eye movement results showed that there were no significant differences between the stress group and the control group in the direction of initial gaze, first fixation latency and first fixation duration on positive and negative emotional faces. The total fixation time of stress group was significantly longer than that of control group on negative emotional faces, but there was no significant difference between stress group and control group on positive emotional faces. These results suggest that in overt attentional bias, acute stress disrupts attention disengagement to emotional faces, rather than attentional engagement. We found that acute stress can stably affect the attention disengagement of general negative emotional faces, rather than the specific damage of threat stimulation alone, and this effect occurs in the late stage of attention processing. This may be due to the damage of attention function related to frontal - parietal network by acute stress. However, the effect of acute stress on the attentional bias of positive emotional faces and the related cognitive mechanism need further research.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-04-12
Abstract： " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2021-01-11
Abstract： Childhood adversity can significantly increase the risk of depression, anxiety and other psychological disorders. An abnormal stress response is one of the important factors causing these psychological disorders.Childhood adversity may affect the activation of the HPA axis and enhance or decrease the sensitivity of stress response. Severe childhood adversity may increase the sensitivity of individual stress response, but mild and moderate childhood adversity may also produce protective "stress inoculation" effect.This paper expounds the influence mechanism of childhood adversity on stress response from three aspects: brain function, immune system and epigenetics.Future research should pay attention to controlling irrelevant variables and further explore the influence of different childhood adversities on stress response."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-06-22
Abstract： Depression, known as a neuropsychiatric disorder, is generally manifested as an emotional disorder. However, recent studies have shown that the visual perception processing of depressed individuals has been altered. From the perspective of visual object characteristics (e.g., contrast senstivity) and visual task paradigms (e.g., binocular rivalry), we reviewed previous studies regarding the visual processings of depressed individuals. These studies have showed that the visual perception processing of depressed individuals is impaired at different levels of the visual pathway. In the future, researchers can attempt to use tasks of visual perception processing as an objective diagnostic method on the basis of different subtypes of depression when distinguishing depression individuals from the healthy individuals.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology submitted time 2019-09-28
Abstract： Threat stimuli catch our attention when compared with neutral stimuli called attention bias, which includes facilitating attention engagement and difficult attention disengagement to threat. Acute stress influences our attention to threat. However, we do not know whether acute stress can enhance facilitating attention engagement or impair attention disengagement toward threat. Therefore, the present study investigated whether attention engagement to threat is enhanced or attention disengagement to threat is weakened when people are stressed. Thirty-six healthy male adults were randomly assigned to a stress group (n = 18) and a control group (n = 18). The stress group underwent socially evaluated cold-pressor test (SECPT), whereas the control group underwent a warm water control protocol. The dot-probe task was used to measure the attention bias toward threat. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used in conjunction with reaction time measures to investigate the time course of attention to threat in the dot-probe task. The N2-posteior-contralateral (N2pc) component measured the initial shift of visual attention to the threatening stimulus, whereas the sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN) component measured the maintenance of visual attention to the threatening stimulus. Reaction time, accuracy rate, and the electroencephalography data of the participants were recorded during the dot-probe task. The state anxiety questionnaire and saliva were acquired at five time points, such as 85 and 70 minutes before the SECPT, immediately before and after the dot-probe task, and 70 minutes after the SECPT. The SECPT successfully induced stress response. Participants in the stress group showed stronger state anxiety and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis response indicated by increased salivary cortisol concentration after the SECPT than the control group. In addition, no significant differences were found before the SECPT. At the behavioral level, the attention disengagement in the stress group was slower than in the control group. Regarding ERPs, we found a greater amplitude of SPCN (300~600 ms after cue) in the stress group than in the control group. However, no significant effect was found on the amplitude of N2pc between stress group and control group. These results indicate that attention disengagement toward threat is impaired under acute stress situations.
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2019-09-16
Abstract： Cognitive diagnostic assessments (CDAs) can provide fine-grained diagnostic information about students' knowledge states, so as to help to teach in accordance with the students’ aptitude. The development of cognitive diagnosis model for polytomous response data expands the application scope of cognitive diagnostic assessment. As the basis of CDAs, Q-matrix has aroused more and more attention for the subjective tendency in Q-matrix construction that is typically performed by domain experts. Due to the subjective process of Q-matrix construction, there inevitably have some misspecifications in the Q-matrix, if left unchecked, can result in a serious negative impact on CDAs. To avoid the subjective tendency from experts and to improve the correctness of the Q-matrix, several objective Q-matrix validation methods have been proposed. Many Q-matrix validation methods have been proposed in dichotomous CDMs, however, the research of the Q-matrix validation method under polytomous CDMs is stalling lacking. To address this concern, several relative fit statistics (i.e., -2LL, AIC, BIC) were applied to the Q-matrix validation for polytomous cognitive diagnosis model in this research. The process of Q-matrix validation is as follows: First, the reduced Q-matrix is represented by , which represents a set of potential q-vectors and contains possible q-vectors when attributes are independent. When validating the q-vector of the first category of item j, all possible q-vectors in can be used as the q-vector of the first category of item j, and the Q-matrix of remaining items remains intact. From this, the item parameters and the attribute patterns of students can be estimated, and the -2LL, AIC, and BIC can be calculated accordingly. The q-vector with the largest likelihood (or smallest AIC/BIC) is regarded as the q-vector of the first category of item j. The q-vector of the next category of the item j can also be obtained in the same way. The algorithm stops when the validated Q-matrix is same as the previous Q-matrix, or every item has been reached. In order to improve the efficiency of the method, a sequential search algorithm was proposed. Several simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and practicality of these methods, and the performance of the methods in this paper was compared with the stepwise method (Ma & de la Torre, 2019). Three experimental factors were considered in simulation studies, including sample size, Q-matrix error types and CDMs. The results show that (1) BIC method can be used for Q-matrix validation under polytomous response CDMs, and the performance of the BIC method is better than the stepwise method. (2) In general, the performance of the three methods from good to bad is the BIC method, AIC method, and -2LL method. (3) The performance of Q-matrix validation methods is affected by the sample size, and increasing the number of sample size can improve the accuracy of the Q-matrix validation. In this study, Q-matrix validation methods for polytomous response CDMs were studied. It was found that the BIC method can be used for the Q-matrix validation under polytomous response CDMs. The method proposed in this paper can not only improve the accuracy of Q-matrix specification but also increase the model-data fit level. Besides, the data-based Q-matrix validation method can also reduce the workload of experts in Q-matrix construction and improve the classification accuracy of cognitive diagnosis. " " " " "
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