Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-04-20
Abstract： Emotional arousal significantly enhances memory encoding processes, and this enhancement extends to subsequent memories within a defined temporal window. Nevertheless, extant research on the interplay between emotion and memory has predominantly concentrated on elementary emotional states such as happiness or fear. In contrast, the mechanisms by which complex emotions enhance memory encoding remain understudied. To address this gap, our study comprises three experimental investigations aimed at elucidating the selective impact of complex social emotions on subsequent memory encoding.
Our initial experiment (Experiment 1, N=152) employed a questionnaire to assess the motivation levels for learning Civics among participants, which laid the groundwork for further empirical inquiry. Subsequent experiments (Experiments 2 and 3, with a combined participant total of N=241) examined how arousal from complex social emotions—specifically, a sense of national crisis and national pride—selectively influences memory encoding. In Experiment 2, we adopted a between-subjects design, randomly assigning participants to three groups: crisis, pride, and neutral. These groups underwent sessions of emotional arousal followed by tasks involving the encoding and retrieval of Civics material. Experiment 3 replicated the procedure of Experiment 2 but shifted the focus of memory encoding to mathematical statistical learning.
The results revealed a lack of sufficient motivation among college students to learn Civics materials. Crucially, we found that arousal induced by feelings of national crisis and pride prior to memory encoding tasks selectively enhanced the encoding of Civics materials. Interestingly, this enhancement did not extend to the memorization of statistical data or images unrelated to national emotions. This outcome substantiates the hypothesis that arousal from national emotions selectively augments memory encoding of thematically relevant content.
By integrating questionnaire-based assessments, manipulations of social-emotional arousal, and a memory encoding-retrieval paradigm, our study demonstrates that complex social-emotional arousal markedly enhances the specificity of memory encoding. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the complex interrelations between social emotions and memory functions. Additionally, they provide empirical support for refining educational strategies in the domain of ideological and political education in higher education institutions.
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Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-02-20
Abstract： Memory consolidation typically occurs slowly during rest or sleep periods following memory encoding. Under stress, though, the consolidation of memories may accelerate considerably. The mechanisms underlying this rapid memory consolidation in stressful circumstances remain unclear, primarily due to the longstanding absence of quantitative methodologies for investigating the neural activities during the human memory consolidation. This research aims to employ computational neuroscience techniques to meticulously characterize neural replay during the consolidation of episodic memory under stress. Specifically, we propose an integrated approach involving cognitive psychology, neuroimaging, machine learning, neuroendocrine regulation, stress induction, and physiological and neuroendocrine assessments to examine the ’double-edged sword’ hypothesis related to stress and neural replay. Although stress might hasten the rate of neural replay, thereby facilitating memory consolidation, it could simultaneously compromise the accuracy of neural replay and disrupt its sequentiality. Our study will: (1) juxtapose the multi-dimensional characteristics of neural replay under stress and non-stress conditions; (2) probe the interplay between neural replay and memory retrieval and encoding in stressful conditions; and (3) strive to employ neuroendocrine and environmental tactics to modulate human stress responses, which in turn could influence neural replay during consolidation. The implications of this research are twofold: it could help identify the optimal brain state to enhance memory consolidation and bridge the gap between human and animal studies on neural replay. At the same time, it could illuminate new strategies for preserving episodic memory function under stress and intervening in memory deficits seen in stress-associated psychiatric disorders.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-09-06
Abstract： Reading and appreciating Chinese classical poetry is a psychological process of readers' aesthetic re-creation. This creative processing targets the artistic YiXiang (意象) constructed by poets through "blending sentiment into scenery", and featuring three psychological processing characteristics: cognitive metaphoricality, emotional loadability, and mutual integration of sentiment and scenery (情景交融). And this creative processing produces the aesthetic Yixiang which has both the objective perceptual representation and readers' subjective thoughts and emotions. Reconstructing artistic Yixiang into aesthetic Yixiang constitutes the core creative processing of reading and appreciating Chinese classical poetry. And its psychological mechanism involves information activation and selective integration in readers' long term memory systems. Specifically, with the support of semantic memory and episodic memory, readers understand the emotion-ladened meaning of Yixiang through semantic association and image construction, and activate corresponding subjective emotional experiences (emotional elements), and generate a situation model of poetry discourse (cognitive elements). On this basis, readers selectively integrate relevant cognitive and emotional elements with their self-related schema in autobiographical memory under an aesthetic goal, thereby establishing novel connections and generating new ideas and concepts. This process is mainly constrained by the novelty of the artistic YiXiang and the readers' capability of creative imagination. This interdisciplinary theoretical study calls on creativity researchers to pay attention to the creative processing on the view of Chinese traditional cultural and focus on the hot-cognitive process of creativity.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同剂量的复合酶制剂对奶牛瘤胃发酵、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及生产性能的影响。试验选取体重、胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相同或相近的泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛32头，采用随机区组试验设计分为4组，每组8头。对照组饲喂不添加复合酶制剂的基础饲粮，试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.10%、0.15%和0.20%复合酶制剂的试验饲粮，预试期10 d，正试期56 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，饲粮中添加0.15%复合酶制剂显著提高瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸含量（P＜0.05）；添加复合酶制剂对瘤胃液乙酸含量有一定提高作用（P=0.08），而对其他挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮和微生物蛋白含量无显著影响（P＞0.05），有降低pH的趋势（P=0.08）。2）与对照组相比，饲粮中添加复合酶制剂能显著提高干物质和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率（P＜0.05）；添加0.20%复合酶制剂能显著提高有机物的表观消化率（P＜0.05）。3）与对照组相比，饲粮中添加复合酶制剂对血清总蛋白含量有增加趋势（P=0.09），对尿素氮含量有降低趋势（P=0.07），而对其他血清生化指标无显著影响（P＞0.05）。4）与对照组相比，饲粮中添加0.10%和0.15%复合酶制剂能显著提高饲料转化率（P＜0.05），0.10%组和0.15%组3.5%乳脂校正乳产量分别提高3.88和4.27 kg/d（P＜0.05），0.15%组乳脂率提高12.70%（P＜0.05）。在本试验条件下，饲粮中添加复合酶制剂有助于提高饲料转化率、瘤胃发酵和生产性能，且添加量为0.15%时效果较好。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-07 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To observe the effect of one lung ventilation (OLV) preconditioning on perioperative oxygenation during pediatric video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (VATS). Methods A total of 171 children aged 5 days to 11 years underwent VATS for empyema dissection and abscess excisions (n=55), mediastinal tumor resection (n=34), repair of the diaphragmatic hernia or diaphragmatic plication (n=21), pulmonary lobectomy or biopsy (n=43), or esophageal disease (n=18). Of these patients, 127 were younger than 3 years of age. A 5-Fr pediatric endobronchial blocker was used for OLV with a delivered inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) of 1.0. After lateral decubitus, a sequential protocol of a 5- to 8-min OLV preconditioning and a 5-min two lung ventilation (TLV) was performed followed by OLV again before incision for VATS. In cases of a SpO 2 <95% without malposition of the blocker during OLV, a 5 cm H2O positive end expiratory pressure was applied; TLV was maintained for a SpO2 <90%. Results OLV provided good surgical conditions in 160 cases. Acceptable saturations were achieved in 166 cases during OLV. In 2 cases in empyema group and 3 in esophageal disease group, the ventilation protocol was converted to intermittent TLV during the operation due to hypoxemia. In esophageal disease group, the procedure and OLV duration, postoperative ventilation time and length of stay (LOS) were the longest among the groups, and the number of cases developing postoperative atelectasis was greater than that in diaphragmatic hernia and pulmonary disease groups. In empyema and esophageal disease groups, the oxygenation index (PaO2 /FiO2) after total collapse of the lung in OLV and after extubation were lower than that in mediastinal tumor group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion OLV preconditioning can maintain an acceptable oxygenation during pediatric OLV. A longer procedure and OLV duration is associated with a prolonged postoperative length of ventilation and LOS.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究不同硒源对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、抗氧化性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选取45头产奶量、胎次、泌乳日龄相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛，随机分成3组，每组15头。对照组饲喂不添加硒的基础饲粮，无机硒（SS）组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3 mg/kg亚硒酸钠，有机硒（SO）组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒羟基类似物。试验期91 d，其中预试期7 d，正试期84 d。结果表明：1）饲粮中添加硒对奶牛的干物质采食量、产奶量及乳成分没有显著影响（P>0.05）。2）与对照组相比，SO组血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著升高（P0.05）。3）各组中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和干物质的表观消化率差异不显著（P>0.05）。与对照组相比，SO组有机物、粗蛋白质及粗脂肪的表观消化率显著提高（P0.05）。综上所述，饲粮添加不同硒源对泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛的生产性能没有影响，但与对照组相比，硒添加组的抗氧化性能和营养物质的表观消化率提高，而且SO组的效果明显优于SS组。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验通过探究饲粮添加不同水平的氯化铵对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血尿代谢的影响，旨在确定氯化铵在泌乳奶牛饲粮中的适宜添加量。采用完全随机设计，将48头泌乳日龄、体重、胎次及产奶量相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组，每组12头，各组氯化铵添加量分别为每头牛0（对照）、150、300和450 g/d。预试期14 d，正试期56 d。结果表明：1）干物质采食量（P=0.012）和产奶量（P=0.008）随氯化铵添加量的增加线性降低，300 g/d组和450 g/d组显著低于对照组（P0.05），乳蛋白率有线性升高的趋势（P=0.094）。2）随氯化铵添加量的增加，尿液pH呈二次曲线降低（P=0.012），且300 g/d组和450 g/d组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；血清的氯离子（P=0.002），尿液的氯离子（P=0.004）、钙离子（P<0.0001）、磷离子（P=0.017）及镁离子（P=0.048）浓度均随氯化铵添加量的增加线性升高。3）血清尿素浓度随氯化铵添加量的增加线性升高（P=0.018），300 g/d组和450 g/d组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述，泌乳奶牛饲粮中氯化铵添加量不能超出300 g/d，推荐剂量为150 g/d。
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