Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》
Abstract： none
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Cele Desert Research Station is located in the southern rim of Takelimagan Desert of Xinjiang, China. The fragile ecological environment and frequent sand storms in the area have seriously affected the livelihood, and restricted the economic and social development of the region. In the early 1980s, the frontier of the desert was only 1.5 km away from the town of Cele. Under this very urgent situation of “The sand at the gates”, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (the former of Xinjiang Desert Institute of Biological and Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences) established Cele Desert Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as “Cele Station”). Researchers came to Cele, and started desertification prevention and control work. Since its establishment, Cele Station has accomplished a series of research and development achievements through longterm monitoring, research, experiments, and demonstration, focusing on the key scientific and technological issues urgently needed by regional fragile ecological environment management, and farmers and herdsmen to overcome poverty and increase their income. In terms of theoretical research, stress response mechanisms and adaptation strategies of dominant plants species in extreme arid regions were systematically expounded. In terms of technology research, development, application, and promotion, Cele Station has constructed the quick sand control model, put forward the technical system of restoring Tamarix chinensis vegetation in flood diversion irrigation, and remove the threat of quick sand invasion to Cele County. The technology has been widely applied in central Asia and Africa. The planting mode of high and stable yield of cotton and the technical system of inoculation of Cistanche were put forward. These practices have gained great economic and social benefits in Xinjiang. A technical system for optimizing the utilization of regional water resources has been established and popularized in Southern Xinjiang. Cele Station has become an important platform of scientific and technological research and development, and an experimental demonstration base, and has made important contributions to regional ecological environment construction, economic and social development.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Depression is a major problem in the modern society. The pathogenesis of depression is a research hotspot in the field of neuroscience. The proved mechanisms of depression include monoamine neurotransmitter hypothesis, gene-environment interaction, neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, immune activation and suppression, etc. With the deepening of research, the roles of "brain-gut interaction", "muscle-brain crosstalk", and adipocytokines in the sports antidepressant field has been discovered. As an endocrine organ, the role of bone tissue in anti-depressive exercise remains to be revealed. Based on this, this research innovatively explores the biological effects and mechanisms of uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) in exercise anti-depression from the perspective of “bone-brain crosstalk”, and further reveals the relationship between bone endocrine activity and the molecular regulation of sports antidepressant. ucOCN is a specific non-collagen protein secreted by osteoblasts (OB). After entering the blood, it acts on the hippocampus, cingulate gyrus and other brain tissues, and triggers a cascade reaction through targeting cell membrane receptors to regulate neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity and bone endocrine-nerve response system. Exercise promotes the secretion of ucOCN and has a significant antidepressant effect, but there are few studies focusing on the molecular mechanism. Based on integrated biological theory and bone endocrine function, through analysis of current research, we found several mechanisms by which ucOCN mediating exercise antidepressant. Firstly, ucOCN regulates neurotransmitters expression: exercise induces high expression of ucOCN which inhibits γ-amino groups butyric acid (GABA) expression to improve depression-like behavior. Secondly, ucOCN regulates neuroendocrine secretion: ucOCN activates the HPA axis to promote adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), mineralocorticoid, cortisol and other secretions to improve depression-like behavior. In addition, ucOCN also activates G protein-coupled receptors 158 (Gpr158)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway to promote neurotransmitter secretion and further regulate depression occurring. Thirdly, ucOCN regulates neuroimmunity: ucOCN activates the ERK and STAT pathways and down-regulates the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in the hippocampus, and then through malondialdehyde (MDA)/super up-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD)/nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO1) pathway to increase expression of VGF and BDNF, which further improve depression-like behaviors. Taken together, these results provide a solid theoretical basis for the mechanism of ucOCN in sports anti-depression. We also provides new research directions and ideas for sports anti-depression, and provide a new perspective for enriching the biological mechanism network of sports brain.
Subjects: Mathematics >> Control and Optimization. submitted time 2021-11-29
Abstract： In the filed of machine learning and mathematical optimization, it is a challenge to mathematically explain optimality of loss function for deep learning. Loss function is high-dimensional, non-convex, and non-smooth. It was, however, observed that gradient descent could reach zero training loss of this highly non-convex function. Loss landscape analysis is critical to reveal reasons why deep networks are easily optimizable. We reviewed the advance on loss landscape analysis, such as landscape features (number and spatial distribution of local minima, connectivity between global optima, and global optimality of critical points), convergence of gradient descent, and visualization of loss landscape. This survey aimed to promote interpretable and reliable deep learning in critical applications. "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Other Disciplines of Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences submitted time 2021-03-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：土壤碳周转是大气圈、生物圈与岩石圈之间碳迁移转化的重要过程，其微小变化将影响大气CO2浓度，改变植物地上与地下部分碳的动态与分配。目前稳定碳同位素技术广泛应用于不同时间尺度与空间尺度碳素生物地球化学循环研究，但缺乏针对稳定碳同位素技术应用于土壤有机碳研究的概述。本文在对当前利用稳定碳同位素技术研究土壤碳起源、动态变化以及周转等资料整理的基础上，简要总结陆地生态系统植物叶片-凋落物-土壤连续体、叶片-土壤连续体和土壤中稳定碳同位素（δ13C）变化规律。重点介绍了土壤碳素循环的主要影响因素及其适应规律，同时对比13C自然与13C人工标记法的异同，指出利用稳定碳同位素方法研究土壤碳动态过程中应加强的方面和未来的重点研究方向及趋势。明确上述过程及机制可为预测生态系统的源/汇效应奠定基础，加强对陆地生态系统碳循环定量研究，将对土壤碳源/汇潜力的了解和土壤有机碳周转机理的深入了解有所裨益。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究乳酸链球菌素（Nisin）对腹泻小鼠盲肠菌群结构和脂代谢的影响。选择7～9周龄无特定病原体（SPF）级50只小鼠（雌雄各占1/2），随机分成5组，分别为空白对照组、阴性对照组、环丙沙星组、氨苄青霉素组及Nisin组。除空白对照组小鼠腹腔注射等量灭菌生理盐水外，其余各组小鼠连续3 d腹腔注射致病性大肠杆菌（E.coli）O1悬液（2.50×1011 CFU/mL）0.2 mL/只构建小鼠腹泻模型。连续注射3 d后，空白对照组和阴性对照组灌胃灭菌生理盐水，其他组灌胃对应物质，每天2次，每次0.3 mL，连续灌胃15 d。第15天灌胃2 h后采样，采用高通量测序技术对小鼠盲肠内容物中细菌结构测序分析，通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法对小鼠血清、空肠、回肠和脑组织中金属肽酶含血小板反应蛋白1(ADAMTS1)、总胆固醇（TC）和胰岛素(INS)的含量进行检测。结果显示：与阴性对照组相比，Nisin使小鼠血清、回肠和脑组织中ADAMTS1的含量和回肠中INS的含量显著降低（P<0.05），血清、空肠和脑组织中TC的含量显著增加（P<0.05），并使小鼠各阶段的体重显著增加（P<0.05）。Nisin组小鼠盲肠菌群丰富度最高(ACE指数=2 469.54、Chao1指数=3 340.29)且多样性最高(Shannon指数=7.56)，而阴性对照组则最低。Nisin组中疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)及厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势菌门。阴性对照组中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)及拟杆菌门为优势菌门。由此得出，Nisin可提高盲肠菌群多样性，降低血清、回肠和脑组织中ADAMTS1的含量和回肠中INS的含量，增加血清、空肠和脑组织中TC的含量，从而影响腹泻小鼠盲肠菌群结构及脂代谢。
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology Subjects: Physics >> Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics submitted time 2017-02-13
Abstract：[目的] 评价经颅磁电脑病治疗仪（商品名：奥博阿尔茨海默治疗仪）治疗轻、中度血管性痴呆(Vascular dementia，VD)的有效性及安全性。 [方法] 对80例轻、中度AD[Hachinski缺血量表评分≥7分，痴呆程度（CDR=1.0）或（CDR=2.0）]患者进行了随机、安慰对照、多中心4周临床试验,其中治疗组和对照组各40例。所有入选病例均给予正规的内科基础治疗和规范化护理，治疗组使用经颅磁电脑病治疗仪进行治疗，对照组使用模拟经颅磁电脑病治疗仪进行模拟治疗。 [结果] 治疗4周时,治疗组较对照组简易精神状态评价（MMSE）、临床痴呆程度量表( CDR) 和日常生活能力评价（ADL）分数显著改善（组间差异P依次<0.0001、0.05、0.05）。两组均无不良反应。 [结论] 经颅磁电脑病治疗仪治疗轻、中度血管性痴呆具有治疗效果，对患者的精神状态、认知行为和日常生活自理能力有较好的改善作用，且该治疗仪使用安全。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering Subjects: Physics >> Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics submitted time 2017-02-03
Abstract：[目的] 评价经颅磁电脑病治疗仪（商品名：奥博阿尔茨海默治疗仪）治疗轻、中度阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease，AD)的有效性及安全性。[方法] 对 80 例轻、中度 AD[Hachinski 缺血量表评分≤4 分，痴呆程度（CDR=1.0）或（CDR=2.0）]患者进行了随机、安慰对照、多中心8周临床试验,其中治疗组和对照组各40例。所有入选病例均给予正规的内科基础治疗和规范化护理，治疗组使用经颅磁电脑病治疗仪进行治疗，对照组使用安慰经颅磁电脑病治疗仪进行模拟治疗。[结果] 临床试验研究结果表明，治疗8周时,治疗组较对照组简易精神状态评价（MMSE）、阿尔茨海默认知评价（ADAS-Cog）和日常生活能力评价（ADL）分数显著改善（组间差异P依次<0.001、0.0001、0.05）。治疗 4周时，MMSE和 ADAS分数已有提高(组间差异 P依次<0.05、0.01)。两组均无不良反应。[结论] 根据试验统计结果，经颅磁电脑病治疗仪治疗轻、中度阿尔茨海默病具有治疗效果，对患者的精神状态、认知行为和日常生活自理能力有较好的改善作用，且该治疗仪使用安全。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2016-11-15 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》
Abstract：本文采用磁控共溅射Ru和MoC靶制备非晶RuMoC薄膜。分别采用四探针仪（FPPT）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和小角掠射X射线衍射仪（GIXRD）表征不同组分RuMoC单层薄和Cu/RuMoC/p-SiOC:H/Si多层膜的电阻率、微观结构和成分随退火温度的演变规律。结果表明：通过调控Ru膜中掺入Mo和C元素的含量能够实现RuMoC合金薄膜微结构设计及抑制膜体残余氧含量，且当MoC和Ru靶的溅射功率为0.5时获得的薄膜RuMoC II性能最好；500℃退火后非晶RuMoC II薄膜中Mo-C和Ru-C化学键百分含量变化不大，高温下两者协同作用抑制了Ru基薄膜再结晶和膜体氧含量升高，是Cu/RuMoC II/p-SiOC:H/Si多层膜系在500℃温度下具有优异热稳定性和电学性能的主要机制。本文研究结果证实了非晶RuMoC薄膜有望用作下一代先进无籽晶铜扩散阻挡层。
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