Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： none
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Black soil is a very precious soil resource on Earth, as well as a great natural gift to China. Scientific and technological innovation is the ultimate choice for the methods and solution of the black soil protection and utilization. The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, based on the in-depth learning of the series of important instructions given by General Secretary Xi Jinping on safeguarding national food security and enhancing scientific and technological innovation, explores the development path of relying on scientific and technological innovation for black soil protection and utilization, promotes the overall systematic capability of scientific and technological innovation in supporting the black soil protection and utilization with enhanced orientation towards problems and demands, and accelerates the scientific and technological innovation for black soil protection and utilization through integrating advanced scientific research power and various innovative resources. Furthermore, it will take on the mission and responsibility of realizing sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at high levels, by making due efforts to provide strong scientific and technological support for the balck soil utilization and cultivation. It aims to make greater contribution to accomplishing the second centenary goal and realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Since the veterinary system reform in 2005, the animal disease prevention and control system in China has made great progress, which has played an important role in stabilizing the supply of animals and animal products, ensuring animal health and human health. The modern animal disease prevention and control system consistent with the Healthy China strategy is an indispensable part of building a strong national public health system. Based on current situation and main problems, this paper presents the basic ideas of building a modern animal disease prevention and control system, suggests to coordinate the existing resources to strengthen the core mission of animal disease prevention and control system, including animal disease surveillance, emergency management, quarantine supervision, technical guidance, information technology application, scientific and technological support. To provide strong support for healthy development of animal husbandry, public health safety, and biosafety, we also need to build an animal disease prevention and control support system matching with perfect organization, personnel, infrastructure, and capacity.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究黄精多糖对种鹌鹑生产性能、蛋品质、孵化性能及血清抗氧化指标的影响。选取4 000只产蛋鹌鹑、500只雄性鹌鹑，随机分为5组，对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组饲喂在基础饲料中分别添加0.4%黄芪多糖及0.1%、0.4%和0.8%黄精多糖的试验饲粮，每组4个重复，每个重复200只产蛋鹌鹑、25只雄性鹌鹑。预试期15 d，正试期30 d。结果表明：1）0.4%黄精多糖组和0.4%黄芪多糖组的产蛋率及平均蛋重均显著大于对照组和0.1%黄精多糖组（P<0.05），0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组、0.4%黄芪多糖组平均日采食量、料蛋比均显著小于对照组（P<0.05）。2）各试验组蛋黄色泽均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组和0.4%黄芪多糖组哈氏单位显著高于0.1%黄精多糖组和对照组（P<0.05）。3）0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组及0.4%黄芪多糖组的受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率都显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。4）0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组以及0.4%黄芪多糖组血清总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性以及总抗氧化能力均显著大于对照组（P<0.05），血清丙二醛含量均显著小于对照组和0.1%黄精多糖组（P<0.05）。结果提示，饲粮中添加0.4%和0.8%黄精多糖均能提高种鹌鹑生产性能，增加蛋黄色泽和哈氏单位，提高孵化性能，提高血清抗氧化性能，其中以0.4%黄精多糖的效果最佳。
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2017-11-29 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract： To achieve the optimum tillage depth of 22cm and soil bulk density of 1.1~1.3 g譪m-3 of topsoil layer for maize production, and solve the farmland soil structure issue of shallow topsoil layer (16cm), hard (bulk density 1.55~1.62 g譪m-3) and thick (45 cm) plow pan in Inner Mongolia Plain irrigation. The study was conducted on the four-year location experiment of deep tillage maize straw manure after harvest, the annual average maize straw returned to soil was 20�34.79 kg議m-2 and four experiment treatments (SF1-SF4) of deep tillage maize straw manure from one to four years and a control group (CK) of non-deepening straw were formed year by year. Result 1, it showed that in 0-40 cm layer soil, the average value of bulk density (SF1-SF4) was significantly reduced by 11.38%, 12.28%, 15.30% and 15.50% compared with CK, and the average value of soil compaction (SF1-SF4) was significantly decreased by 1�36 kPa, 1�63 kPa, 1�36 kPa and 1�55 kPa compared with CK. Result 2, it showed that in 0-20 cm layer, SF4 of more than 0.25mm aggregate content and geometric mean diameter was significantly reduced by 13.79% and 27.21% compared with CK; SF3 and SF4 of the mean weight diameter of aggregates was reduced by 8.25% and 19.59% compared with CK; SF1 of the damage rate of soil aggregates was significantly decreased by 9.56% compared with CK; SF1 of the sabotage water-stable aggregates was reduced by 9.56% compared with CK, SF4 of the fractal dimension of aggregates was significantly increased by 7.30% compared with CK. Result 3, it showed that in 20~40 cm layer, SF1 and SF2 of more than 0.25 mm aggregate content was significantly increased by 13.69% and 17.83% compared with CK; SF2 of the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of aggregates was significantly increased by 23.92% and 53.38% compared with CK; SF1~SF4 of the damage rate of soil aggregates was significantly decreased by 9.20%, 3.02%, 8.38% and 3.16% compared with CK; SF1-SF4 of the sabotage water-stable aggregates was significantly increased by 13.58%, 16.49%, 22.67% and 25.42% compared with CK, SF2 of the fractal dimension of aggregates was significantly decreased by 7.39% compared with CK. Result 4, it showed that SF1~SF4 of the soil organic matter was significantly increased by 16.32%, 24.78%, 25.07% and 25.56% compared with CK; SF1-SF4 of the available nitrogen was significantly increased by 16.86%, 14.46%, 17.20% and 21.95% compared with CK; SF1~SF4 of the available phosphorus was significantly increased by 6.8%, 12.07%, 17.85% and 23.30% compared with CK; SF1~SF4 of the available potassium was significantly increased by 17.59%, 16.34%, 20.49% and 29.85% compared with CK; SF3 and SF4 of the soil pH was significantly decreased by 1.95% and 1.73%. There was a significant effect of deep tillage maize straw manure from one to four years on the soil structure of 0-40 cm soil layer. 2-year deep tillage maize straw manure was most suitable for improving the structure of soil plow pan; 3-year and 4-year deep tillage maize straw manure were most suitable for improving the structure of topsoil layer. In the application of deep tillage maize straw manure, it should be noted that the depth of plowing was 40cm, which should be reduced by 30 cm two years later. The reason was that the damage rate of soil aggregates of plow pan and the sabotage water-stable aggregatess were increased by the continuous 40cm deepening and the damage of soil plow pan structure was aggravated; the depth of plowing was reduced by 20cm, which maintained deep tillage maize straw manure on topsoil layer, the decomposition of straw and soil organic matter were increased, the damage rate of soil aggregates was decreased, and the sabotage water-stable aggregatess was decreased, which was conducive to cultivating topsoil layer.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2017-11-07 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract：采用科学方法对内蒙古玉米产量差与生产潜力进行定量化研究, 对合理规划内蒙古玉米增产途径及产业发展具有重要意义。本研究采用品种×密度联网试验和Hybrid-Maize 模型模拟相结合的方法, 利用2006 年以来内蒙古各生态区历年高产攻关田的最高实测产量和各区域农户平均产量, 对内蒙古全区和6 大生态类型区的玉米产量差和生产潜力进行了系统分析。结果表明, 各生态区的模拟产量、高产纪录、试验产量、农户产量皆表现为从东到西逐步提高。内蒙古玉米模拟产量潜力为14.9 thm2, 高产纪录产量为14.4 thm2, 试验产量为11.1 thm2, 农户产量分别实现了模拟产量潜力的49%、高产纪录产量的51%和试验产量的66%。基于模型模拟的产量差(YGM)、基于高产纪录的产量差(YGR)和基于试验产量的产量差(YGE)分别为7.5 thm2、7.0 thm2 和3.8 thm2。基于YGE 的短期生产潜力达3 525.2 万t, 是当前总产水平的1.6 倍, 短期增产潜力为1 191.9 万t。其中, 内蒙古东部的呼伦贝尔、兴安盟、通辽、赤峰4 盟市对全区的增产贡献率将达61%, 西部的呼和浩特市、巴彦淖尔市为16%。造成较大YGE 主要原因是栽培管理措施不当, 缩小YGE 需要针对限制各生态区玉米增产的实际问题, 通过栽培技术综合改良、技术简化和技术入户来逐步实现。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在比较寿光鸡、固始鸡和罗曼蛋鸡在舍饲与林地放养混合模式下蛋品质及肉品质的差异。选取90日龄寿光鸡、固始鸡和罗曼蛋鸡母鸡各120只，每个品种鸡设4个重复，每个重复30只，在舍饲与林地放养混合模式下采用常规基础饲粮饲喂至180日龄。结果表明：罗曼蛋鸡与寿光鸡、固始鸡相比，蛋重显著升高（P<0.05），而蛋黄颜色、蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著降低（P<0.05）。寿光鸡和固始鸡的蛋中锌、硒、钙、蛋白质和脂肪含量较罗曼蛋鸡显著升高（P<0.05），肌肉中脂肪和蛋白质含量也较罗曼蛋鸡显著升高（P<0.05）。寿光鸡、固始鸡肌肉的滴水损失率、剪切力显著低于罗曼蛋鸡（P<0.05），肉色显著高于罗曼蛋鸡（P<0.05）。寿光鸡和固始鸡肌肉中甘氨酸、谷氨酸、异亮氨酸和鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于罗曼蛋鸡（P<0.05）。总之，寿光鸡和固始鸡的蛋具有大蛋黄、高蛋白，且营养元素丰富，而罗曼蛋鸡的蛋含水量较高，蛋白质品质较差；寿光鸡和固始鸡的肌肉较罗曼蛋鸡具有较长货架期，且肌苷酸和氨基酸含量高，肉质鲜嫩，营养丰富；3个品种鸡中，寿光鸡和固始鸡的蛋品质和肉品质更佳。
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2016-11-15 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》
Abstract：选用无织构的Zr-0.72Sn-0.32Fe-0.14Cr和 Zr-0.85Sn-0.16Nb-0.37Fe-0.18Cr合金大晶粒片状样品，利用静态高压釜在500 ℃，10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中进行500 h的腐蚀试验，采用EBSD，SEM和TEM等方法研究了合金的显微组织，以及氧化膜的厚度与金属晶粒表面取向的关系。结果表明，Nb对第二相的晶体结构产生影响，Zr-0.72Sn-0.32Fe-0.14Cr合金中的第二相主要为面心立方的Zr(Fe,Cr)2，Zr-0.85Sn-0.16Nb-0.37Fe-0.18Cr合金中的第二相为面心立方和密排六方的Zr(Nb,Fe,Cr)2；两种合金均未出现疖状腐蚀，并且不同金属晶粒取向上的氧化膜厚度没有明显差别，即没有表现出腐蚀各向异性特征。
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