Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2023-03-31
Abstract： Persistence, a personality to finish what one starts even when faced with obstacles, is one of the most important personalities for human beings to achieve their goals and objectives. Although most persistence studies have discovered the significant influence persistence has on the individual level, extant research on persistence is incomplete because whether persistence varies on the regional level is still unknown. However, recent research has indicated that personalities vary systematically across regions, and correlate significantly with macro indexes on the regional level. To address this literature gap, we argue that persistence varies across Chinese provinces, and develop and validate a province-level persistence index (PPI) to quantify such provincial variations. We also try to explore the province-level antecedents and consequences of provincial variations in persistence. We used the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) as our main data source for the development of province-level persistence index. CGSS measured participant’s persistence in 2008 and 2011. A high correlation between the province-level persistence index in 2008 and in 2011 allowed us to combine data from the two years. Therefore, the final sample included 11,330 participants (6,006 were female) from 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. In the CGSS, the persistence scale was consisted of three items. We first carried out a survey on Credamo.com to validate the persistence scale in CGSS, the sample of which included 286 participants (142 were female). We also used data from National Bureau of Statistics of China, CSMAR, etc. as the data sources of antecedent and outcome variables of persistence. We used STATA 15 to analyze the data. Results showed that the three-item measure of persistence in CGSS is reliable and valid and the persistence data from CGSS is suitable for aggregation. In general, persistence does vary systematically across Chinese provinces and the PPI we developed is significantly related to antecedent and outcome variables documented in the existing research. Specifically, the harshness of the natural environment (coldness, air pollution and agricultural disasters), cultural values of masculinity and collectivism are positively related to PPI. Moreover, PPI is positively related to political (local government officials’performance orientation and effort allocation distortion), economic (economic development quality, industrial structure upgrade and foreign investment introduction), social (education attainment, income, and well-being of the residents) and innovative and entrepreneurial (patent authorization, company incubation) outcomes, even after controlling for provincial GDP and year fixed effect. The current study demonstrates the systematic difference in persistence across Chinese provinces, extends individual level research on persistence to macro regional level, and develops province-level persistence indexes to provide an important tool for future research dealing with regional differences. We also systematically explored antecedents of provincial variations in persistence, and its influences on province-level macro metrics, offering a perspective of macro-micro intersection. Furthermore, we provide new references for government’s development policy making and companies’ branch management.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2020-08-02 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：观察高粱幼穗分化过程，分析各阶段与叶龄及叶龄指数的对应关系，明确高粱穗分化进程的简易叶龄诊断方法，为高粱栽培管理指标化提供参考。以杂交种晋渝糯3 号和常规种国窖红1 号为供试材料，设置3 个播期，观察幼穗分化进程及对应的叶龄。结果表明：高粱幼穗分化过程可划分为5 个时期（营养生长期、生长锥伸长期、枝梗分化期、小穗小花分化期和雌雄蕊分化期），不育的有柄小花可发育到雌雄蕊分化期。随着播期的推迟，幼穗分化开始日期提前，持续时间缩短，穗分化各时期的叶龄和叶龄指数减小，但品种间存在差异。高粱幼穗分化各时期与对应的叶龄指数存在直线回归关系，依方程通式为Yi=bXi+a（Yi：幼穗分化期，Xi：叶龄指数）。随着播期的推迟，晋渝糯3 号的b 和|a|值逐渐增大，而国窖红1号的b 和|a|值则逐渐减小。根据叶龄指数可推测高粱幼穗分化进程。
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