Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-03-06
Abstract： Existing research on the link between child maltreatment and internet addiction has yielded conflicting results. To clarify this association and identify the influential factors, the current review conducted a comprehensive three-level meta-analysis encompassing 66 studies. The results indicated a significant positive association between childhood maltreatment and internet addiction, with a small correlation coefficient(r = 0.227). Furthermore, the association was shown to be moderated by various factors such as the type and severity of maltreatment, how maltreatment was measured, gender, the proportion of only children, and cultural background. However, no significant moderating effects were found for the type of internet addiction, how internet addiction was measured, data type, age, or the timing of data collection.
These results not only deepen our understanding of the link between childhood maltreatment and internet addiction, but also provide valuable insights for future research and intervention strategies for preventing internet addiction.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： A considerable number of studies have discussed the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy, but the results have been mixed. Theoretically, there are four main arguments regarding the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy. Attachment theory suggests that childhood maltreatment predisposes individuals to an insecure attachment style that is detrimental to empathy development. The facial feedback hypothesis and “like-me” hypothesis suggest that neglected children have fewer opportunities to imitate others’ facial expressions, and show deficits in empathy. However, the perception-action model argues that individuals with childhood maltreatment are more likely to empathize with others who have traumatic experiences, while the Russian doll model implies that the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy may not be linear. Empirically, current research has reported an inconsistent correlation between childhood maltreatment and empathy, with r values ranging from −0.451 to 0.86. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aimed to estimate the extent to which childhood maltreatment is associated with empathy and whether these associations vary depending on the study or sample characteristics such as the type of childhood maltreatment, gender, and age. A systematic literature review was conducted using Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, PsycARTICLES, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), CSTJD (China Science and Technology Journal Database) and WFD (Wan Fang Data). Three-level meta-analyses were performed using R to synthesize the effect sizes and conduct moderator analyses. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's regression tests. No significant publication bias was observed in any of the studies. A total of 46 studies (N = 23039 participants) producing 352 effect sizes were included. The results showed that the correlation between childhood maltreatment and empathy was significantly negative but only to a small extent (r = −0.076, 95% CI −0.117, −0.035 ). Moderator analysis revealed that the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy was moderated by the type of childhood maltreatment. The association between childhood maltreatment and empathy was stronger for physical neglect (r = −0.095) and emotional neglect (r = −0.128) than for physical abuse (r = 0.005). Furthermore, the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy was moderated by the dimensions of empathy. Specifically, the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy was negative for perspective-taking (r = −0.127), fantasy (r = −0.044), and empathic concern (r = −0.148), but positive for personal distress (r = 0.153). In addition, the mean age of the participants moderated the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy, with the mean age predicting a reduced negative association between childhood maltreatment and empathy (β = 0.004). However, the percentage of females did not moderate the observed association, which may indicate consistency in the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy across genders. The results supported the attachment theory, the facial feedback hypothesis, the "like-me" hypothesis, the perception-action model, and the Russian doll model, suggesting that the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy was complicated. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy but also produce meaningful practical implications for future research and intervention program design regarding how to promote the development of empathy.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2023-10-07
Abstract： Existing studies on the relationship between school connectedness and depression have produced inconsistent results. To clarify the extent to which school connectedness is associated with depression, and whether these associations differed according to the study or sample characteristics, a three-level meta-analysis of 87 included studies (206 effect sizes) was conducted. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between school connectedness and depression but only to a medium extent(r = –0.39, df = 205, p < 0.001). Additionally, the relationship between school connectedness and depression was found to be moderated by the percentage of female students, mean age of participants, measurement of depression, and data characteristics. No significant moderating effects were found for the measurement of school connectedness, culture, or publication year. School connectedness is a protective factor for depression. Interventions targeting depression should be aware of school connectedness.
Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2023-08-22
Abstract： None quantitative comparisons of reliability for assessment tools for OCD so far. The selection of appropriate scales may be difficult for clinicians. Therefore, this study systematically reviewed the OCD scales used in the child and adolescent populations over a 30-year period to evaluate the reliability coefficients. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that the overall reliability of current OCD assessment instruments in children and adolescents is good. Of all the OCD scales for children and adolescents, the Children’s Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory had the lowest internal consistency coefficient and the Padua Inventory had the highest internal consistency coefficient. It is recommended that our primary and secondary school mental health practitioners use the Obsessive Belief Questionnaire-Child Version to assess obsessive-compulsive thinking and the Padua Inventory or the Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Questionnaire of Adolescent to assess obsessive-compulsive behavior.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2022-07-06
Abstract：精神生活共同富裕是扎实推进共同富裕道路上不容忽视的部分。心理健康是精神生活共同富裕中的重要一环。社会心理服务可以通过提高心理健康水平在推进共同富裕进程中发挥作用。健康的心理状态能够帮助人民应对共同富裕发展进程中不可避免的相对剥夺感，促进社会主义和谐社会的建设，帮助积累共同富裕发展所需的健康人力资本，促进心理公平感。未来应不断完善学校心理健康教育和社会心理服务体系。推动形成积极向上的社会心态，为实现新时代共同富裕注入心理力量。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2021-05-29
Abstract： [Objective] Cultivating the next generation of sound emotional, cognitive and socio-behavioral development is fundamental to human civilization, and the impact of early experiences cannot be ignored from the point of view of probabilistic epigenesis. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between early experiences and later behavioral development based on a novel experimental model termed the “human-rat interaction paradigm” (HRIP). [Methods] Thirty-six one-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected as subjects. Based on the HRIP, three groups (Positive early experiences (PEE) / Negative early experiences (NEE) / Control) were intervened for 3 weeks, and the effects of the manipulation of early experiences on behavioral development were tested through a battery of behavioral paradigms. [Results] The results showed that: 1) During the emotional behavior tests, compared with the other two groups, the PEE group was more active in the open arm of the O-maze, more active in the center area of the open field, ate faster in the new and familiar environment, and had less hesitation to adapt to and utilize the new learning device. 2) During the learning behavior tests, the PEE group showed most rule-breaking exploratory behavior in the integrated-learning maze; while the majority of the NEE group learned to open the gate during the early stage of procedural learning, the firmness of their long-term memory was the lowest during the new object recognition task; the control group was overall passive during the whole series of learning behavior tests. 3) During the social behavior tests, the PEE group showed the most interests towards the toy rat, while the NEE group showed the most aversion towards the toy rat. At the same time, while all groups preferred a real rat to a toy rat, only the intervention groups (both PEE and NEE) showed clear preference in interacting with a real stranger rat to a real familiar rat. Moreover, during the empathy and pro-social behavioral tests, when there were no food rewards, all three groups of rats generally would open the gate to rescue the entrapped rat, and after multiple trials their latency to rescue became shorter and shorter; however, when there were food rewards to be shared with the entrapped rat, both the PEE and NEE groups were less likely to open the gate, and after multiple trials, their latency to rescue became longer and longer. When the entrapped rat was unable to reach the food reward without the subject’s active sharing, the NEE group showed much more frequent behavior of feeding interruption and vigilant sniffing, possibly for fear of losing the food to the entrapped rat. 4) During the social competition tests, when there were no food rewards in the tube test, the control group had the highest success rate; when there were food rewards to be competed for, the PEE group had the highest success rate. At the same time, the degree of social rank differentiation was smallest in the control group and largest in the PEE group. The NEE group showed clear differentiation between the high-rank individual and the middle/low-ranked individual. The success rate of the NEE group was overall the lowest during the inter-group social competition tests. [Conclusions] We arrived at the following conclusions: 1) On the long run, the early experience intervention based on the HRIP will have sustained and stable effects on the behavioral development. 2) Rich early experiences can improve the sensitivity to learning and social rules. Lack of early experiences can passivate learning and social behavior. 3) Positive early experience can promote the individual to have more interests in exploring "objects", produce more rule-breaking exploratory behavior and maintain the stability of goal behavior; in contrast, negative early experience can cause excessive arousal of negative emotions, inhibit exploration and interfere with the maintenance of goal behavior."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2021-05-15
Abstract： Rats are widely used in experimental research in biology, medicine, and psychology, and many studies need the measurement of rats’ emotional states. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of rats are means to express and transmit emotions: among them FM-50 kHz USVs are for positive emotions such as pleasure, flat-50 kHz USVs are for social communication, and 22 kHz USVs are for negative emotions such as anxiety and disgust. Collecting and analyzing the USVs of rats provides researchers a possible way to quantify the emotional states of rats during experimental manipulations. This paper discusses the emotional meaning of USVs in rats and provides suggestions for measuring and analyzing USVs in rats.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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