Subjects: Astronomy submitted time 2024-01-31 Cooperative journals: 《天文学报》
Abstract： We investigate the umbral oscillation at multi-height solar atmospheres above a sunspot in the active region National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 12680 on 2017 September 15. In this study, the extreme ultraviolet images were measured by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), while the ultraviolet spectral lines and images were observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. At the sunspot umbra, the AIA~1700\;{\AA} intensity curve shows the primary oscillation with a long period of $\sim$(4.2$\pm$0.8)~minutes, while the intensity curves in AIA~1600\;{\AA}, 171\;{\AA} and 193\;{\AA} exhibit an apparent oscillation with a short period of $\sim$(2.8$\pm$0.3)~minutes. Meanwhile, a short period of $\sim$(3.1$\pm$0.5)~minutes is found in the Mg~II~h \& k lines and the slit-jaw image at 2796\;{\AA}, a short period of $\sim$(2.9$\pm$0.4)~minutes is detected in the Si~IV~1393.76\;{\AA} line. Our observations suggest that the oscillatory periods at the sunspot umbra decrease with the height of solar outer atmospheres. The short period is roughly equal to 3 minutes, which could be interpreted as the propagating slow magnetoacoustic wave above the sunspot umbra, and it might originate from the temperature minimum region and then propagate up to the corona. While the long period is close to 5 minutes oscillation in the photosphere, which might be regarded as the solar P-mode wave.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-10-10
Abstract： The majority of current research on facial expression perception uses static face images, and there is comparatively little study on dynamic expression. However, facial expressions are highly dynamic phenomena capable of conveying complex psychological states: the motion inherent in dynamic stimuli is crucial for social perception and improves coherence in identifying facial affect. Previous studies have found that perceptual processing of dynamic expressions may involve a variety of mechanisms, and some of these mechanisms have inconsistent effects. Therefore, it is important to study dynamic expressions to understand the nuances of human communication and support the naturalistic assessment of affective disorders.
Three experiments involved 96 participants, which provided 94 valid samples. The experimental material came from the Chinese Affective Picture System (CASP). Dynamic expression sequences were created from the happy and neutral expressions of the same individual. In Experiment 1, the impact of direction change and the average summary representation were examined. Experiments 2a and 2b combined static expressions to systematically explored the representational momentum effect of dynamic happy expressions. As such, the average summary representation of dynamic expressions differed across the two experiments. Participants were asked to evaluate the valence, arousal, and dominance of the final emotion of dynamic expressions or static expressions on a seven-point scale. ANOVA, independent sample t-test, and one sample t-test were used to analyze the results.
In this study, it was found that when the faces changed from strong to weak (versus weak to strong), they were rated with lower valence scores and higher dominance scores. In addition, faces that went from strong to weak had lower valence scores and higher dominance scores than static faces with the same intensity of expression in the previous frame. Indicative of the the representational momentum effect, faces that went from weak to strong had higher valence scores. Furthermore, the dynamic happy expressions that moved from strong to weak had a larger impact on perceived representational momentum than the dynamic happy expressions that moved from weak to strong. The arousal ratings were higher for the dynamic happy expression with a higher average summary representation. Valence, arousal, and dominance scores for the same expression image differed across experimental designs and material groups, according to this study's thorough analysis of repeated stimulus conditions (such as static 50% smiling).
According to the results, representation momentum impact extends to the assessment of dynamic happy expression on valence and dominance dimensions. Additionally, when assessing a facial expression, the perceiver will make a relative assessment based on the internal reference standard: a lower the standard is associated with a higher the score, and vice versa. This finding is consistent with reference dependence effect on expression perception. These processing characteristics are used as a reminder to academics to consider the difference between dynamic and static expressions and to think about the impact of various materials when using facial expression data in the future.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： People can quickly form the first impression of the strangers’ personality according to their face cues and/or voice cues. To explore the difference and the similarity of these two ways of personality perception, we compared these two sides of studies reported by the same teams. Firstly, both the first impression of face-personality perception and the first impression of voice-personality perception have similar two -dimensional structure models. Some studies had named them as "valence-dominance dimensional model" and others had named them as "approachability-capability dimensional model". The two dimensions reflect inference about the person’s intentions——harmful v.s. harmless, and the person’s ability to implement these intentions, respectively. Furthermore, considering from the perspectives of occurrence and development, cognitive formation mechanism, physiological mechanism and neural mechanism, the internal mechanism of the first impression of face- and voice-personality perception are similar to some extent. On the other hand, there are some differences between the first impression of face- and voice-personality perception, including being different in some specific personality traits contained in the same dimension, the rate of the total variation explained by the same dimension or the personality traits, and the perceived reliability of the same dimension, etc.. Such differences indicate that, during the formation of the first impression of personality perception, the face and the voice cues are different in sensitive personality traits and sensitive dimensions. Face cues may be more sensitive to the valence/approachability dimension and the related personality traits, while voice cues may be more sensitive to the dominance/capability dimension and the related personality traits. In addition, face cues and voice cues provide different physical properties for the overgeneralization of cognition to rely on, therefore, the cognitive process and the results of the overgeneralization vary between these two modality processing, that is, the overgeneralization for some specific content and cognitive mechanism have the modal specificity. Some studies have disclosed neural evidence that the differences between two modal processing were manifested in the early stage of cognitive processing. Therefore, it is valuable to know the whole picture and the essence of similarities and differences between the first impression of face- and voice-personality perception. Their similarities consist of the basis for the integration of face-voice cues in the first impression of personality perception. Their differences indicate that face and voice would have adaptive weight allocation in the integration of personality perception. In the future study, it is necessary to directly compare the first impression of face- and voice-personality perception based on the same group of participants who provided the face and the voice stimuli, so as to directly, systematically and comprehensively reveal their similarities and differences. Secondly, since previous studies mainly used the open -ended subjective evaluation as the experimental task, focusing on the results of the first impression of personality perception, future research can design experimental tasks compatible with neuro-imaging techniques and investigate the process characteristics of the first impression of face- and voice -personality perception. In addition, as the sensitive personality traits and sensitive dimensions of faces and voice cues might be different, it is important to explore how people integrate these two sources of information and form a holistic first impression of personality perception.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Touch is an important sensory channel for individuals to explore the external world in everyday life. The sense of touch helps us to discriminate the location of a stimulus on the skin surface, to identify the shape, size and texture of objects. However, touch can also be affective. The motivational-affective dimension of touch is involved in coding its valence and motivational relevance. This aspect of tactile sensation plays an important role in maintaining social bonding and promoting interpersonal communication. The affective function of interpersonal touch can be achieved through unimodal presentations or multimodal information integration processing. That is, tactile action itself, either a strong handshake or a tender hug, can directly convey emotions. Although the accuracy of decoding six basic emotions (anger, fear, happiness, sadness, disgust, and surprise) from interpersonal touch are slightly less than from the facial expression and vocal information, interpersonal touch has advantages in conveying social emotions such as "love", "gratitude" and "sympathy". Such advantages reflect the important significance of affective touch in establishing social bonding and promoting cooperative relationships. Further more, the affective meaning and social attributes carried by interpersonal touch can provide social background for emotion of other modal （e.g., visual or auditory） information processing, so as to enhance participants’ attention and to sharpen their social evaluation of emotional cues. Compared with sensory-discriminative subsystem, the motivational-affective subsystem has a special neurophysiological mechanism. For example, C-tactile (CT) afferents are strongly implicated as the neurobiological substrate underlying the affective property of touch. CTs, a class of slowly conducting mechanoreceptors, are specially tuned to the properties of human physical contact. They fire maximally to skin-temperature, light-pressure stroking at a rate of 1-10 cm per s. C-tactile-mediated affective tactile stimulation project in spinothalamic tract (STT) pathway (the spinal signaling of orofacial C-fiber mediated affective touch is still unclear), bypass the primary somatosensory cortex, directly project to the insular cortex, and then process in the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and other core areas of the “social brain” neural network. In addition, evidence from EEG research shows that, beta oscillation at parietal scalp sites, may be related to the affective representation of tactile stimuli, and theta oscillation at frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital scalp sites, may reflect an attentional-emotional regulatory mechanism of affective touch. Another complex facet of touch is that, affective touch would be complicated by its inextricable links to context, gender and sexuality, culture, and other individual, interpersonal, and societal factors. Moreover, learned from the previous research on facial emotion perception, a considerable body of work about affective touch are also around the topic of coding-decoding of basic emotions, so that the results fail to fully reveal the specificity of tactile channel in transmitting social emotions. Therefore, we should pay more attention to top-down contextual factors in the future researches, such as personal relationship, cultural difference, and social context, that may influence how to define and interpret the emotion and motivation of interpersonal touch. Meanwhile, although the time course of emotional touch perception was explored with electrophysiological measures, however no clear index has been identified till now. In addition, in order to reveal the relevance and independence between the sensory-discriminative and motivational-affective subsystems, such as activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) analysis can be used to reveal the cortical functional neuroanatomy supporting a distinction between affective and discriminative touch.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Utilization of Information submitted time 2022-09-02
Abstract： Scientific data objectively and truly records the process of scientific research activities, and its open sharing is of great significance to scientific and technological innovation. As the inherent requirement of scientific research, the open sharing of scientific data is not a single open sharing behavior, which involves many factors. Through the systematic analysis of the management elements involved in the open sharing of scientific data and the composition of the open sharing ecosystem of scientific data, the functional orientation and relationship of each element in the ecosystem are defined, the existing problems of open sharing of scientific data are discussed, and the implementation path of perfecting the open sharing ecosystem of scientific data is put forward, that is, continuously strengthening the top-level design, implementing the cooperative sharing of scientific data, and carrying out the data "four characteristics" detection work. In the end, an open sharing ecology of scientific data with multi-agent coordination and multi-factor operation in order will be formed, which will improve the level of open sharing of scientific data, provide real guarantee for scientific data, and provide strong support for scientific research integrity and scientific and technological development.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-10-18
Abstract： Touch is an important sensory channel for individuals to explore the external world, and its affective function plays an important role in maintaining social bonding and promoting interpersonal communication. Tactile action itself can directly convey distinct emotions, and it also promotes the cross-modality emotional processing by enhancing attention and sharpening social evaluation of emotional cues. At neurophysiological level, C-tactile-mediated affective tactile stimulation project in spinothalamic tract (STT) pathway (the spinal signaling of orofacial C-fiber mediated affective touch is still unclear), bypass the primary somatosensory cortex, directly project to the insular cortex, and then process in the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and other core areas of the “social brain” neural network. Future research should pay more attention to the interpersonal dependence, cultural uniqueness, and stimulus standardization of affective touch, and try to reveal the relevance and independence between the two tactile sub-systems at neural level."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-11-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：目的地居民作为旅游活动的重要参与主体，对旅游业的行为态度不仅影响着游客的感知和 体验，也对目的地旅游业的可持续发展起着重要作用。在旅游支持态度与亲环境行为等相关研究的基础上，提出亲旅游行为的概念，表达居民促进旅游业在当地更好发展的行为意向。以社会表征理论研究框架为基础，构建“社区关系—效益感知—行为态度”模型，实证考察了社区关系对亲旅游行为的影响，探讨了旅游效益感知的中介作用和旅游事件依恋的调节作用。结果表明：社区关系对目的地居民经济效益、社会效益、环境效益感知均具有显著的正向影响，积极的旅游影响感知又对亲旅游行为产生显著的正向影响作用。居民对经济、社会、环境效益的感知在社区关系与亲旅游行为之间存在多重链式中介作用，传统的中介模型低估了旅游效益感知的影响作用。旅游事件依恋正向调节了社区关系与旅游社会效益感知、环境效益感知的关系。研究结论为揭示旅游介入情境下社区关系、效益感知与亲旅游行为之间的影响机制提供了一定的理论依据，对于目的地社区旅游开发与管理具有一定的实践参考价值。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2019-08-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：干旱区绿洲荒漠交错带具有自然环境恶劣、社会发展滞后、经济基础薄弱、人口素质较低、贫困现象普遍的显著特征。依据空间贫困理论、GIS空间分析技术和TOPSIS模型，研究了和田地区空间贫困等级、致贫原因及其障碍度指数，并提出了相应的扶贫对策建议。结果表明：（1）和田地区一级贫困区包括和田县（0.528 0）、民丰县（0.466 3）；二级贫困区包括皮山县（0.387 1）、于田县（0.378 8）、和田市（0.371 5）、策勒县（0.348 3）、墨玉县（0.325 7）；三级贫困区包括洛浦县（0.221 3）。（2）和田地区排序前五的减贫需求包括：生产资料（86.8%）、资金（85.5%）、住房（74.3%）、教育培训（67.0%）和饮水（64.7%）。针对研究区的空间贫困分异特征以及减贫需求，从完善公共基础设施、实施转移就业行动、发展特色优势产业、改善生产生活条件、加大教育培训力度与金融扶持力度等方面提出了相应的对策建议。
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2018-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》
Abstract：近年来，中国沿海处于快速工业化和城市化驱动下的新一轮大规模围填海阶段，环渤海围填海历史久、规模大，已成为我国围填海的重心区域。由于围填海和河口三角洲增长，1940s以来渤海面积萎缩了0.57×104km2，萎缩速率大于82km2/a，2000年以来萎缩速率更高达141km2/a；渤海自然岸线的长度和比例也急剧下降，由1990年的1397km减少为2014年的561km，占岸线总长度的比例由54.92%下降为16.18%。围填海导致多种危害，如：海洋潮波和水动力条件变化，近岸和近海沉积环境与水下地形变化，加剧近岸水环境与底泥环境污染，潮滩湿地面积减损与生态功能下降，底栖生物栖息地减损和群落破坏，侵占和破坏渔业资源"三场一通道"，加剧海岸带自然灾害风险、诱发经济社会系统风险，对产业和经济发展带来不利影响，等。在分析我国围填海监督管理现状和问题的基础上，提出政策建议：改革和优化围填海管理体制，建立陆海协调与联动机制，完善法律法规；严格执行生态红线制度，控制围填海规模与速度，推进和优化保护区建设；开展已围填区及其周边海域环境和生态的恢复与重建；强化已围填区新增土地资源的监管和集约优化利用；加强基础观测体系建设，大力促进科学研究的发展；促进公众、利益相关方及非政府组织参与到滨海湿地的保护。
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