Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance]This report is poised to impact library strategies, operations, and services with regards to learning, creative inquiry, research, and information management, containing a reference and technology planning guide for librarians, library leaders, library staff, policymakers, and technologists.[Method/process]A panel composed of education and technology experts from 14 countries on five continents. The panel's work begins with a systematic review of the literature, then the group discusses on existing applications of emerging technology and brainstorms on new ones, finally selects the topics in the report based on a modified Delphi process.[Result/conclusion]Six key trends, six significant challenges, and six developments in technology profiled in this report, include that, libraries remain the gatekeepers to rich tapestries of information and knowledge, incorporating new media and technologies in strategic planning is essential, open access is a potential solution in the face of financial constraints, the research landscape is evolving enabled by digital scholarship technologies, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things are poised to amplify the utility and reach of library services, etc.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-07-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Based on the Reciprocal Determinism Theory, this paper studies the relationship among student learning behavior, organizational environment and individual traits in the course of information retrieval in flipped classroom. [Method/process] By combing and summarizing the relevant research results, pre-survey and expert survey, behavior measurement scale is formed on students’ classroom participation. Factor analysis is used to extract the key variables, and the structural equation modeling method is used to explore the influence mechanism of individual identity, organizational guarantee, organizational identity and classroom design on learning behavior. [Result/conclusion] The findings are as follows: individual characteristics, organizational identity and organizational guarantee variables as front factors influence each other; organizational identity and individual characteristics not only directly affect classroom design, but also play an active and significant role in learning behavior through classroom design. The author thinks it is necessary to improve the information literacy of undergraduates through such measures as perfecting the supporting environment, promoting students’ independent study, optimizing classroom design and strengthening extracurricular practices.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-06-05
Abstract：目的/意义 在学科交叉合作蓬勃发展的时代背景下，探究图书情报学研究方法和理论跨学科使用意愿影响因素的组态路径，为图书情报学的跨学科研究和学科影响力提升提供更广泛、深刻的思路，对促进学科交叉合作，解决科研迫切需求和社会重大实际问题等具有一定理论与现实意义。 方法/过程 以图书情报学研究方法和理论的跨学科使用意愿为主题，以认知-情感-意动为理论基础，构建图书情报学方法理论跨学科使用意愿模型，采用模糊集定性比较分析法得出影响因素的组态路径构成，并探求其组成机理。 结果/结论 研究表明图书情报学科研究方法和理论的跨学科使用意愿是多因共致的结果，使用fsQCA研究方法得出了三条组态路径并概括为：理论创新协同型组态、理论社群协同型组态、学科知识交叉基础驱动型组态；基于对组态路径联动作用机理的深入研究与解析，本文对学科未来发展提出如下建议:①以现实为导向，加强学科建设，推进学科知识体系转型升级；②立足信息资源管理守正创新，提升学科吸引力；③积极推动跨学科合作，增强学科影响力；④发挥信息交流支持作用，强化学科社群感知力。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Han Lifeng
Qin Xiaoyan
Yang Zhigang
Wang Ling
Wu Ningfen
Hong Yue
Wang Yu
He Qingfang
Ma Lu
Du Weichun
Deng Jingkang
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This paper aims to study the planning of information literacy education and provide references for further improving the practice of information literacy education in colleges and universities in China. [Method/process] By literature review and web research, this paper analyzed the status quo of information literacy education practice in Chinese universities and the latest achievements of information literacy education planning abroad. The principles of planning of information literacy education were analyzed. The core system of information literacy education in colleges and universities in the new era is discussed in detail. [Result/conclusion] The development of information literacy education in the new environment urgently needs planning research to be strengthened, which may provide guidance and suggestions for information literacy education to enter a new stage.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] As the foundation of scientific research, theory plays an irreplaceable role in scientific research results. Statistical analysis of the application of theories in the doctoral dissertations of library science in China will reveal the general overview of the application of theories in current library science research and construct the theory of library science. The system has important theoretical and practical significance. [Method/process] Taking Chinese library science doctoral dissertation as a sample for theoretical extraction, using content analysis, information measurement, and visualization analysis methods, the frequency of theoretical applications, the relationship between theories and research topics, and the theoretical source disciplines are used for multi-angle statistical analysis. [Result/conclusion] There are many types of theories introduced in the doctoral dissertation, and the interdisciplinary nature is strong; the use of theoretical names is not standardized, and the same theories use multiple theoretical names; the application of theories introduced in the doctoral thesis is not high; library science research needs to focus on basic theoretical research; theoretical applications have strong characteristics of the times; information science related disciplines will play a leading role in library science research.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Face pareidolia refers to the compelling illusion of perceiving facial features on inanimate objects, such as an illusory face on the moon surface. Both top-down and bottom-up factors can modulate the occurrence of face pareidolia. In recent years, many studies using behavioral, brain imaging, as well as EEG techniques have been devoted to investigating its influential factors. It was found that the occurrence of face pareidolia depends on whether the stimuli contain face-like structures, whether the internal face template can match the current stimulus, and whether or not there are face related backgrounds. It was also influenced by individual differences and observers’ emotional states. Brain imaging studies suggest that information from the frontal and occipital vision regions can be infused at the fusiform face area (FFA) when experiencing face pareidolia. Future research should focus on exploring the behavioral and neural mechanisms of individual differences in face pareidolia, as well as the interactions and neural mechanisms between different types of top-down modulation.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： In daily communication, a speaker's voice usually carries a particular emotion. Emotional information is transmitted in two ways: prosody and the semantic content of speech. Previous studies have found that emotional prosody has the effect of releasing auditory masking. The purpose of the present study is a), to test whether the emotional semantic content also has the effect of releasing speech from informational masking, and if so, b) to explore what is the difference between the role of emotional prosody and emotional content in releasing informational masking.This study consisted of two experiments, each divided into two sub-experiments. A perceived spatial separation paradigm was adopted in all experiments to separate the effects of informational masking from that of energetic masking. Experiment 1 explored the mechanism of emotional prosody in the unmasking of informational masking. A complete within-subject design of 2 (perceived spatial separation: no, have) � 2 (emotional prosody: neutral, happy) � 4 (signal-to-noise ratio: -8 dB, -4 dB, 0 dB, 4 dB) was adopted in both sub-experiments. Experiment 1a employed time- reversed sentences with no semantic intelligibility as masking sounds (with presumed only perceptual informational masking). Experiment 1b used syntactically correct nonsense sentences as masking sounds (with both perceptual and cognitive informational masking). Experiment 2 also contained two sub-experiments; it aimed to examine the role of the emotional semantics of speech in releasing informational masking. A complete within-subject design of 2 (perceived spatial separation: no, have) � 2 (emotional semantics: neutral, positive) � 4 (signal-to-noise ratio: -8 dB, -4 dB, 0 dB, 4 dB) was adopted in both sub-experiments. Experiment 2a employed time- reversed sentences with no semantic intelligibility as masking sounds. Experiment 2b used syntactically correct nonsense sentences as masking sounds. Experiment 1a showed that the accuracy of recognition of the target sentence uttered in emotional prosody was significantly higher than that of the target sentence uttered in neutral prosody. Experiment 1b showed that the accuracy of recognition of the target sentence uttered in emotional prosody was significantly higher than that of the target sentence uttered in neutral prosody. There was a marginally significant difference between the results of Experiment 1a and Experiment 1b. Experiment 2a showed no significant difference in recognition accuracy between target sentences with emotional semantics and those with neutral semantics. Experiment 2b showed that the recognition accuracy of target sentences with emotional semantics was significantly higher than that of target sentences with neutral semantics. The study found no significant difference between Experiments 2a and 2b. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the mechanisms of emotional prosody and emotional semantics is different in releasing speech from informational masking. Emotional prosody of speech can preferentially attract more attention from listeners and reduce perceptual informational masking, but it only has a minor effect on releasing cognitive informational masking. The emotional semantics of speech can preferentially occupy more cognitive processing resources of listeners. Hence, it can reduce the cognitive informational masking; however, it fails to release the perceptual informational masking.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》
Abstract： During austenite to ferrite transformation, the lattice structure transforms from fcc to bcc, resulting in a clearly distinguishable austenite and ferrite interface. The short range diffusion of the Fe and C atoms across the interface causes its movement, referred to as interface migration. On the other hand, the C rejected by the ferrite during the austenite to ferrite transformation in Fe-C alloys accumulates ahead of the moving interface. This pile-up of C atom is dependent on the long range diffusion of C in austenite and also influences the ferrite growth kinetics. Experimental observations indicate that dislocations are always migrating with ledges during ledgewise growth. The local stress field of dislocations is considered to alter the solute concentration at the riser of ledges and causes a complex diffusion field interaction among ledges as they migrate. Some established works by other researchers have already taken the effect into consideration when studying phase transformation kinetics. However, these works were limited in diffusion control cases and could hardly explain some experimental results. In this work, a ledgewise growth model considering migration of austenite/ferrite interface, C diffusion in austenite and especially elastic interactions between dislocations moving with ferrite ledges was established, and all the simulated results were qualitatively similar to the reported experimental results. Calculated results showed that the C concentration at the riser of ledges was changed by the elastic stress of these dislocations, which would further change the growth behavior of ledges. In the growth behavior simulations of two ledges, the horizontal distance of the two ledges was found to be a key role to determine the growth kinetics. When the horizontal distance of two ledges was larger than the critical distance, an attractive phenomenon of the two ledges was found to decelerate the leading step; while a repulsive phenomenon of the two ledges which would accelerate the leading ledge if the horizontal distance was smaller than this value. Compared with the simulation results without considering elastic interactions between dislocations, however, in the growth behavior simulations of multi-ledge with elastic dislocation interactions, the coalescence behavior of ledges and growth rate of the leading step were both changed.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-03-07
Abstract： Objective/Significance The high infectivity, long time and great uncertainty of the novel coronavirus outbreak promote the transformation of the mode of scientific information exchange. By studying the current situation and existing problems of scientific information exchange under the influence of the epidemic, this paper proposes strategies for the development of scientific information exchange in the post-epidemic era. Method/Process By searching several databases and open access platforms at home and abroad, using network survey method, literature induction method, text analysis method, etc., the current situation and existing problems of scientific information exchange were summarized. Results/Conclusion Based on the active promotion of all participants in the scientific exchange system, the rapid development of the preprint publishing model, the extensive dissemination and sharing of scientific data, the symbiosis between the current scientific information exchange and the traditional communication model, the sustainable development of the new publishing model and the standardized development of the scientific evaluation mechanism, etc., In the post-COVID-19 era, measures can be taken to promote the development of scientific information exchange, such as building an integrated platform for scientific communication, publicizing and promoting new publishing models, establishing dynamic review expert databases and multi-channel authoritative and reliable information sources.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2018-08-14 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract：[目的/意义]在全球化发展背景下，考察英国海外发展研究所的运行机制、研究方向和实践活动，为发展中国家的发展、合作问题研究提供借鉴与参考。[方法/过程]采用案例研究方法，主要通过文献调研和网站调研收集数据，援引海外发展研究所发布的一手出版物及相关研究报告，同时参考了国际权威的智库排名报告，对其历史和现状进行考察。[结果/结论]海外发展研究所组织运行独立、专业、透明，有问责机制，研究集中于经济、社会保护、农业、水资源、气候、人道主义等领域，主要面向发展中国家，提供优质研究、政策建议、咨询服务以及定制培训，并设立研究员奖学金计划，为发展中国家输送优秀的经济学及统计学研究生，致力于当地公共事业发展。
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