Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-05-14 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background There are a large number of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） and bronchiectasis in China，which are chronic respiratory diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Bronchiectasis-COPD overlap syndrome（BCOS）is a special clinical subtype，but it is easy to be ignored. Infection often contributes to their acute exacerbation，but related etiological studies are relatively scarce. Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogens in bronchiectasis patients without and with COPD，and to compare the differences between them. So as to provide references for rational use of antimicrobial agents. Methods A total of 584 patients with bronchiectasis who were hospitalized in the Department of Pulmonary and Critial Care Medicine of Ma'anshan People's Hospital from January 2016 to January 2023 were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they combined with COPD or not： BE group（335 cases without COPD）and BCOS group（249 cases with COPD）. A retrospective analysis was performed on the composition，antimicrobial susceptibility results and changes of pathogens on patients，and analyze the difference of distribution and drug resistance between the two groups. Results A total of 299 strains were isolated from 584 patients with bronchiectasis， 146 strains from BE group，among them，Gram-negative bacilli 87 strains（59.59 %），Gram-positive bacteria 3 strains （2.05%），Mycobacterium 9 strains（6.16%），Fungus 47 strains（32.19%）. Meanwhile，153 strains from BCOS group， among them，Gram-negative bacilli 80 strains（52.29%），Gram-positive bacteria 1 strains（0.65%），Mycobacterium 2 strains（1.31%），Fungus 70 strains（45.75%）. The composition ratio of Candida albicans were significantly higher in BCOS group than BE group（χ2 =5.274，P=0.022）. The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem in BE group and BCOS group were 10.64%，25.53%，piperacillin tazobactam 6.98%，15.91%，ciprofloxacin 12.77%，21.28%，amicacin 2.13%， 2.13%，respectively. The resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem were 0，14.29%，piperacillin tazobactam 0， 14.29%，ciprofloxacin 15.38%，35.71%，amikacin 0，7.14%，respectively. The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ampicillin/sulbactam in BCOS group was significantly lower than that in BE group（P=0.026）. The isolation rates of ESBLs#2;producing enterobacteriaceae（χ2 =4.357，P=0.037）and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in BCOS group were higher than BE group（χ2 =5.593，P=0.018）. From 2016 to 2022，the isolation strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with bronchiectasis was the highest，and showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The isolation strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae increased significantly in 2021 and 2022，second only to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolation strains of Mycobacterium from 2020 to 2022 and Aspergillus from 2021 to 2022 showed an upward trend. Conclusion As a special phenotype，BCOS has its own characteristics of pathogen distribution and drug resistance，which deserves attention. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen isolated from patients with bronchiectasis and BCOS currently. In recent years，the isolation strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae is second only to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The detection of Mycobacterium and Aspergillus has significantly higher than before，which should be taken seriously，especially in BE patients.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Perceived control is an important psychological resource for human beings when faced with various natural disasters and social and cultural pressures. As a main component of culture, rituals are an important factor in helping people acquire and enhance their perceived control. Guozhuang worship is an essential part of life for the Pumi people, an ethnic group living in southwest China.Guozhuang is a rectangular piece of white stone in front of the huotang in Pumi family, and it is regarded as the incarnation of ancestors of Pumi people. In Guozhuang worship, Pumi people call the names of their ancestors and invite them to enjoy a tribute. To explore the influence of ritual on perceived control, this study examined the ritual of worshiping Guozhuang among the Pumi people and explored the influence of rituals on perceived control as well as the mediating role of positive emotions from two aspects, namely, ritual action and the symbolic meaning of the ritual.This study conducted three experiments. In Experiment 1, we examined 73 Pumi adolescents and used the recall task to ask participants to describe their experience of worshiping Guozhuang. The results revealed that the perceived control in the high-involvement group was significantly higher than that in the low-involvement group. In Experiment 2, we created a novel ritual to manipulate ritual action and symbolic meaning and conducted a 2 (ritual action: action for ancestor worship vs. no action for ancestor worship) × 3 (symbolic meaning: gratitude vs. blessing vs. no meaning expression) behavior experiment with 105 Pumi adolescents and discussed the mediating role of positive emotions. We found that performing ritual actions could directly enhance Pumi adolescents’ perceived control, while the meaning of prayer could only enhance perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. In Experiment 3, middle-aged and elderly Pumi people were given a recall task to initiate the experience of worshiping Guozhuang. The results revealed that the perceived control in the high-involvement group was significantly higher than that in the low-involvement group. Further analysis indicated that when middle-aged and elderly people expressed their gratitude to their ancestors in worshiping Guozhuang they could affect their perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions.This study concluded that there is a dual-path way mechanism in the influence of ritual actions and symbolic meaning on peoples’ perceived control. Ritual actions directly enhance perceived control, while symbolic meaning enhances perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. The influence that the subjects of the ritual and the symbolic meanings of the ritual that the positive emotion plays have on the perceived control varies depending on the experience of ritual practitioners: adolescents tend to express blessings, while middle-aged and older adults tend to express gratitude.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2021-08-17
Abstract： " Perceived control is an important psychological resource for human beings when faced with various natural disasters and social and cultural pressures. As a main component of culture, rituals are an important factor in helping people acquire and enhance their perceived control. Guozhuang worship is an essential part of life for the Pumi people, an ethnic group living in southwest China. Guozhuang is a rectangular piece of white stone in front of the huotang in Pumi family, and it is regarded as the incarnation of ancestors of Pumi people. In Guozhuang worship, Pumi people call the names of their ancestors and invite them to enjoy a tribute. To explore the influence of ritual on perceived control, this study examined the ritual of worshiping Guozhuang among the Pumi people and explored the influence of rituals on perceived control as well as the mediating role of positive emotions from two aspects, namely, ritual action and the symbolic meaning of the ritual. This study conducted three experiments. In Experiment 1, we examined 73 Pumi adolescents and used the recall task to ask participants to describe their experience of worshiping Guozhuang. The results revealed that the perceived control in the high-involvement group was significantly higher than that in the low-involvement group. In Experiment 2, we created a novel ritual to manipulate ritual action and symbolic meaning and conducted a 2 (ritual action: action for ancestor worship vs. no action for ancestor worship) x 3 (symbolic meaning: gratitude vs. blessing vs. no meaning expression) behavior experiment with 105 Pumi adolescents and discussed the mediating role of positive emotions. We found that performing ritual actions could directly enhance Pumi adolescents’ perceived control, while the meaning of prayer could only enhance perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. In Experiment 3, middle-aged and elderly Pumi people were given a recall task to initiate the experience of worshiping Guozhuang. The results revealed that the perceived control in the high-involvement group was significantly higher than that in the low-involvement group. Further analysis indicated that when middle-aged and elderly people expressed their gratitude to their ancestors in worshiping Guozhuang they could affect their perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. This study concluded that there is a dual-path way mechanism in the influence of ritual actions and symbolic meaning on peoples’ perceived control. Ritual actions directly enhance perceived control, while symbolic meaning enhances perceived control through the full mediation of positive emotions. The influence that the subjects of the ritual and the symbolic meanings of the ritual that the positive emotion plays have on the perceived control varies depending on the experience of ritual practitioners: adolescents tend to express blessings, while middle-aged and older adults tend to express gratitude. "
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