Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Promoting the integrated development of innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain, and talent chain is of great significance to the high-quality development of the economy, and its essence is to reduce the various barriers faced by the flow of innovation elements across organizational boundaries, improve the allocation efficiency, better stimulate the main role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, and enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system. This study analyzes “four chain” integration and puts forward the following suggestions. First, promote the systematic layout and systematic implementation of scientific and technological innovation policies. Second, explore the construction of “big science and technology intermediaries”, and build a deliberative decision-making mechanism and market-oriented pricing mechanism that conform to the law of innovation. Third, accelerate the formulation of implementation rules for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and clarify the boundaries of responsibilities and rights. Fourth, focus on the development needs of the industrial chain innovation chain, and make forward-looking deployment and construction of the talent chain. Fifth, strengthen the supporting role of fiscal and taxation policies in scientific and technological innovation. Sixth, strengthen the innovation of application scenarios and help increase the market acceptance of domestic new technologies and new products.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2023-04-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
KOU, Ruxin
MEI, Kangni
BI, Yuqing
CHEN, Tong
DENG, Shengen
XING, Jiarun
WANG, Qianqian
WANG, Mengxue
LI, Wei
Abstract： Background In recent years，China has attached great importance to strengthening the development of general practitioner（GP）workforce and primary care service system. To innovate the incentive mechanism for GP training and employment and improve the training system for GPs，the government has also promulgated a series of policies and put forward major reform measures involving many aspects. Objective To analyze and evaluate the fairness of distribution of general practitioner（GP）resources in China，and to provide theoretical support for scientific and equitable allocation of GP resources. Methods Data were sourced from five volumes of China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook（2017—2021），China Health Statistical Yearbook（2017—2021），and China Statistical Yearbook（2017—2021）in June 2022，including the number of GPs，the number of people registered as general medicine professionals，the number of people who obtained the General Practitioner Certificate after training，the number of GPs per 10 000 population，and the number of practicing（assistant）physicians in China，in each geographical division（eastern，central or western），and in each regionin，and the annual gross domestic product（GDP），gross regional product（GRP），and the year-end total population data of each region during 2016 and 2020. Additionally，the total land area of each region was extracted from the China ABC column on the website www.gov.cn.The Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient were used to analyze the fairness in the distribution of GP resources. The Theil index was used to analyze differences in the distribution of GP resources in eastern，central and western China. Results The number of GPs in China increased from 209 083 in 2016 to 408 820 in 2020，showing a growth rate 95.53%. In 2020，the proportion of GPs among all practicing（assistant）physicians reached 10.01%（408 820/4 085 689），and the number of GPs per 10 000 population was 2.9. The Gini coefficients measuring demographic，economic，and geographical distribution inequalities of GP resources were 0.235，0.178，0.722，respectively for 2016，0.231，0.170 and 0.726，respectively for 2017，0.225，0.161 and 0.729，respectively for 2018，0.177，0.147 and 0.714，respectively for 2019，and 0.157，0.136，and 0.707，respectively，for 2020.Overall，the Lorenz curve measuring the inequality in the distribution of GP resources by demographics or economy had lower degree of curvature than that by geography. A reduction was found in Theil index measuring unequal demographic, economic or geographical distribution of GP resources in 2020 compared with that in 2016（from 0.047 to 0.020；from 0.022 to 0.013；from 0.482 to 0.428）. Conclusion During the five years，the distribution of GP resources in China presented the following features：the number of GPs increased rapidly and became an important part of the workforce of practicing（assistant）physicians，the registration rate of GPs gradually increased，and the total GP resources showed a continuous growth，but the ratio of GPs per 10 000 population was still unsatisfactory，great inter-region differences existed in the distribution of GP resources，and the equity of the distribution of GP resources by geography was more unsatisfactory than by demographics or economy.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Women’s poverty alleviation is an indispensable part of poverty alleviation, and it plays a vital role in blocking the intergenerational transmission of poverty, improving women’s well-being, and building a harmonious and happy family. 2020 is the key node for poverty alleviation to rejuvenation in poverty-stricken areas across the country. In this context, it is of great significance to in-depth study of women’s poverty alleviation in the new era. This article first points out the 4 problems that women face in poverty alleviation: gender bias in the countryside, the digital divide, the absence of non-governmental organizations, and the lack of gender awareness in poverty alleviation practices. Next, it introduces the theoretical foundation, international women’s poverty alleviation experience and typical scenarios of Chinese women’s poverty alleviation. On the basis of these, four suggestions are put forward: one is to internalize gender equality as a rural social code of conduct; the second is to increase training to eliminate the digital divide; the third is to increase the level of socialization of family labor; the fourth is to build an inclusive, flexible and sustainable mechanism for women’s poverty alleviation. We hope this paper could provide a reference for women’s poverty alleviation in the future.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-01-30 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract：
Background Chronic diseases have the characteristics of long course and prolongation, and the increase in incidence seriously threatens people's physical and mental health. At present, although some researchers have discussed the influencing factors of the incidence of chronic diseases, there are few studies on the influencing factors of chronic diseases managed by the elderly themselves. Objective To understand the factors affecting the vulnerability of the self-management system of chronic disease in community-based elderly in Shandong Province, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the self-management level of chronic disease in community-based elderly.Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to sample 2650 elderly people over the age of 65 in Shandong Province for a questionnaire survey, and the main influencing factors were identified by comprehensive univariate analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results In the sensitivity dimension, the influencing factors such as personal characteristics, occupational types, and economic status of the elderly in the community were statistically significant. In the dimension of coping ability, the influencing factors such as self-monitoring, self-cognition, and self-discipline were statistically significant.Conclusion The vulnerability of chronic disease self-management systems for the elderly in the community is influenced by a variety of factors. Activities that include strengthening community health education can be carried out to change the health perceptions of the elderly themselves; Carry out activities to respect and love the elderly and create a good atmosphere for the elderly; Targeted measures such as improving the community's own service capacity and providing more accurate health services to reduce the vulnerability of the chronic disease self-management system for the elderly in the community.
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