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  • 中国西北干旱区植被水分利用效率变化对气象要素的响应——以新疆为例

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2023-08-01 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:水分利用效率(WUE)通过联系陆地生态系统碳水循环过程,成为理解植被生态系统对气候变化响应的一个重要指标。结合19902020年的遥感影像与再分析数据产品,基于光能利用效率(CASA)模型反演净初级生产力(NPP)和实际蒸散发(ET)系统分析了19902020年新疆植被WUE的时空变化规律,讨论并探究了影响植被WUE变化的驱动力因子。结果表明:过去31 a新疆植被WUE整体呈下降趋势,但以2003年为转折点,转折点之前呈波动下降趋势,之后呈波动上升趋势。31 a来新疆植被WUE的空间格局没有发生明显变化,高值集中在平原区,特别是绿洲及荒漠-绿洲过渡带,低值集中在山区。通过分析发现,新疆植被WUE变化主要归因于降水、蒸散发及水汽压等气候因子影响。研究结果对于筛选出结构合理、节水性强、生产力高的人工和天然植被结构类型,实现干旱和半干旱地区植被建设的可持续发展具有参考价值,特别是对新疆生态系统安全与农牧业可持续发展具有现实意义。

  • Study on Water System Connectivity and Ecological Protection Countermeasures of Tarim River Basin in Xinjiang

    Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》

    Abstract: The Tarim River is the largest inland river in China, and had historically nine river systems and one main stream with 144 rivers. At present, only the Aksu River, the Hetian River, the Yarkant River, and the Kaidu-Kongque River have surface hydraulic connections with the main stream of the Tarim River. The connectivity of river systems and ecological protection in the Tarim River Basin are very prominent. In the past 30 years, the downstream of the cut-off river has become the most serious area of ecological degradation in the Tarim River Basin. Based on field investigation and sample pilot survey, this paper systematically analyzes the problems existing in the river system connectivity of the Tarim River Basin, and points out that the connectivity of the river system is poor and the ability to withstand extreme climatic hydrological events is insufficient. The area of cultivated land continues to expand, and the proportion of agricultural water use is too high, which strongly occupies the ecological water use, leading to the cutoff of river channels, dismember of rivers, and damage to the integrity of river basin water system. The groundwater overexploitation causes the groundwater level to drop sharply, the surface ecology process is damaged, and the ecology hidden worry is prominent. In view of this, the following points are put forward: (1) promote and realize scientific management of water resources in Tarim River Basin from mechanism and system. Brought the five source streams that have been cut off into the unified management of the Tarim River

  • Patterns of Blown-sand Hazard Control for Traffic Arteries in China and Its Application

    Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》

    Abstract: Highways and railways are important infrastructures of land transportation. The blown-sand hazard control of traffic arteries in sandy areas has always been one important issue in the national economy and society. In view of the characteristics of aeolian environment and the demand for safe operation of traffic arteries, China has carried out a large number of sand hazard control experiment and practices mainly on technology innovation of materials, measures, comprehensive system, maintenance, summed up four configuration patterns of sand control system, and created some patterns of sand hazard control technology for desert traffic arteries in different aeolian environments with Chinese characteristics, the patterns have been applied successfully in the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway, Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Tarim Desert Highway and Open Channel in Gurbantunggut Desert. China’s achievements in the sand hazard control for land transportation arteries have a broad application prospect in sandy areas in the world, especially in the countries along the Belt and Road.

  • Stable Restoration Pattern and Sustainable Management Technology of Main Dominant Vegetation in Typical Desert Areas of China

    Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》

    Abstract: In this study, we systematically researched and comprehensively analyzed dominant plants in typical deserts in China, including Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Horqin Sandy land, and Hunshandak Sandy land, and revealed the characteristics of stress adaptation and stable restoration of dominant vegetation, and proposed the sustainable management technology of vegetation. The results are shown as the followings. (1) Desert plant roots remain connected to underground diving or soil capillary water. It is of great significance to maintain reasonable ecological water use and stable groundwater table for the restoration and conservation of dominant woody plants in these regions. (2) The shallow soil water formed by groundwater, snowmelt, and rainfall is the main water source of Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.). It is of great significance for the restoration and conservation of H. ammodendron to make full use of the natural law of seasonal change of precipitation and the renewal of H. ammodendron to form scientific and reasonable planting technical measures. (3) Closure protection plays an important role in the stable restoration of dominant vegetation in desert (sandy land). The results can provide scientific basis and technical supports for the restoration and optimal management of dominant vegetation in the oasis-desert transition zone in arid region.

  • 2013—2020 年塔里木河流域胡杨林生态恢复成效评估

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2023-02-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:生态输水是塔里木河流域退化胡杨林生态恢复的主要措施,及时监测和准确评估其恢复成效是优化输水策略、完善胡杨林修复体系的关键。以2013年以来8个胡杨林区为研究对象,基于中高分辨率遥感数据监测不同胡杨林区生态输水前后植被面积、长势及植被覆盖度的时序变化,探讨胡杨林恢复与生态输水的关系。结果表明:(1)2016 年以来整个流域累计漫溢水面为2172.96 km2,占林区总面积的4.39%,主要分布在输水通道两侧及末端10 km范围内。(2)输水前后林区植被整体呈现由退化到恢复的转变,林区生态恢复水平与年最大漫溢面积显著正相关。(3)生态恢复成效评估表明,生态恢复最显著的区域是塔里木河中上游和叶尔羌河下游的夏马勒林场,但整个流域远离输水通道的胡杨林仍有退化趋势。合理规划输水通道建设,扩大胡杨林区的受水范围是退化胡杨林生态恢复的关键。

  • Analysis of water balance change and influencing factors in Issyk-Kul Lake in recent 60 years

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2022-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:

    Based on the satellite data, the water level and area information of Lake Issyk-Kul was extracted, and the water volume was reconstruct; combined with CRU meteorological data from 1960-2020, the temperature and precipitation observation data from 1960- 2000 at the Cholpon- Ata meteorological station and the water volume observation data into the lake, the lake water balance model was established to analyze the changing characteristics of each element of the water balance and to explore its influencing factors. The results indicated that: (1) Since 1960, the water volume of Issyk-Kul Lake has undergone a process of continuous decrease and fluctuating increase, with 1998 being the inflection point of the change; from the 1960s to the mid-1980s, the water volume into the lake decreased continuously mainly due to the influence of irrigation diversions, and then turned to an increasing trend after 1986 with the decrease of irrigation water and the increase of precipitation and glacial meltwater; precipitation in the lake area increased at a rate of 9.1 mm·(10a)-1 , and the evapotranspiration tends to increase significantly with increasing temperature and lake area. (2) Before the mid-1980s, Issyk-Kul had a negative water balance in most years, and groundwater continued to recharge the lake; since 1986, the water balance deficit of the lake gradually decreased, and since 1998, the positive balance has been dominated. (3) The interaction of water balance components such as runoff, precipitation and evaporation determines the changes in lake water volume, while climate change in the flow-producing areas and irrigation diversions in irrigation areas indirectly drive the changes in lake water volume by changing runoff; from 1960 to 1986, human activities, mainly irrigation diversions, were the dominant factor driving the changes in Issyk- Kul water volume, with a contribution of 71.6%, and since 1987 the cumulative contribution of climate change factors to changes in lake water volume exceeds 80%.

  • Physiological and biochemical characteristics of Erodium oxyrrhynchum spring/autumn-germinated plants and seeds

    Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2022-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:

    Erodium oxyrrhynchum is a dominant hygroscopic plant in Gbandonggut Desert, which can be germinated in different seasons. In this research, the biological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of its parent plants and seeds were analyzed, and the phenotypic plasticity and reproductive strategy differences of hygroscopic seedlings were investigated. Results showed that (1) autumn-germinated plants of E. oxyrrhynchum can resist stress injury by accumulating proline and soluble sugar in winter. (2) In the stress environment, springgerminated plants were primarily dependent on SOD and CAT to clean up the toxicity caused by ROS, whereas autumn-germinated plants were primarily dependent on POD and CAT to clean up the toxicity. (3) The comprehensive evaluation of resistance showed that the resistance of autumn-germinated plants was higher than that of spring-germinated plants. (4) The number of seeds per autumn-germinated plant was over 60, and the 100- seed weight was 0.323 ± 0.0026 g. The number of seeds per spring-germinated plant was approximately 20, and the 100-seed weight was 0.376 ± 0.0014 g. (5) Correlation analysis of various indexes of seeds of spring/autumngerminated plants showed that under high and low-temperature stress, the content of the four kinds of seed included in this study was significantly and positively correlated with the antioxidant enzyme system. In addition, the BR content of seeds of spring-germinated plants was significantly and negatively correlated with three antioxidant enzymes, whereas the BR content of seeds of autumn- germinated plants was significantly and positively correlated with the antioxidant enzyme system. (6) Analysis of the seed character network showed that continuous high and low-temperature stress affected the complexity of the seed network of E. oxyrrhynchum, and the complexity of the seed network of spring- germinated plants was higher than that of autumn- germinated plants. Under stress, the physiological and biochemical indexes of the seeds of spring- germinated plants were strongly correlated. In general, autumn-germinated plants of E. oxyrrhynchum had stronger resistance, and they tended to produce more and smaller seeds. Therefore, the progeny can have more genetic diversity, and it can improve the adaptability of the species to the environment. Spring-germinated plants were less resistant, and they produced fewer seeds with high quality and stability, which could improve seedling establishment under stress

  • 基于PSO-PNN 模型的喀什噶尔绿洲耕地盐渍化分析

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2022-10-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:盐渍化是构成绿洲农业低产的主要原因之一,也是农业开发和可持续发展的重要限制因 素。为提高盐渍化耕地生产力,促进绿洲农业的可持续发展,以喀什噶尔绿洲耕地为研究对象,利 用Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像数据提取遥感指数20个,利用土地利用数据计算研究区耕地开垦年限, 用线性拟合的方法将用植被光合作用模型(VPM)模拟的植被净初级生产力(NPP)数据进行降尺 度,将遥感指数同土壤采样及实测数据进行相关分析,得到优选的遥感特征变量,再用粒子群优化 算法(PSO)优化的概率神经网络(PNN)模型进行盐渍化程度分类,得到研究区耕地盐渍化等级分 布情况,后与研究区耕地开垦年限和NPP进行叠加分析。结果表明:(1)选取增强型植被指数 (EVI)、盐分指数2(SI2)、湿度指数(WI)、MSAVI-WI-SI特征空间(MWSI)、波段6(B6,2.11~2.29 m) 5个遥感参量通过PSO-PNN模型进行盐渍化程度反演准确率约为80%。(2)耕地开垦年限越大的 区域盐渍化程度越低。新开垦的耕地主要分布在研究区东部,而研究区西部大都为开垦年限在45 a 以上的老绿洲农业区。(3)耕地盐渍化严重降低了耕地农作物生产力。研究区耕地NPP较高的区 域大都分布在西部,较低的区域大都分布在东部,与盐渍化程度等级分布大致相反。上述研究方 法与结果可为后续使用遥感参量进行盐渍化反演的研究提供参考,对干旱半干旱区的盐渍化耕地 改良具有一定的参考意义。

  • 气候变化背景下尼雅河流域生态基流研究

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2022-10-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:流域生态基流是河流生态系统健康稳定的关键,以新疆尼雅河流域为研究区域,根据民丰 县气象站19582018年的气象数据与尼雅河4个水文监测断面19782018年的水文数据,运用趋 势拟合、Tennant法、相关性分析和回归模型等分析流域气候变化、确定生态基流并探究其时空分异 与保证率变化,揭示生态基流对气候变化的响应。结果表明:61 a来流域气温以0.22 ℃(10a)-1的 速度增加,年降水量以3.8 mm(10a)-1的速度增加;尼雅水库、八一八渠首、尼雅水文站和尼雅渠首 的年生态基流推荐值分别为:1.989 m3s-1、2.188 m3s-1、1.755 m3s-1、1.702 m3s-1;生态基流年际最 大值出现在2010年,最小值在1980年,年内最大值在7月,最小值在1月或12月;空间上表现为上 游高下游低,以八一八渠首处最高,尼雅渠首处最低;各站多年平均生态基流保证率分别为:50%、 45%、50%、45%,且表现出汛期明显高于非汛期;逐年、逐月生态基流与气温、降水量均在0.01水平 上显著相关,但在春夏季对气温敏感,秋冬季对降水量敏感,各水文监测断面的回归模型耦合效果 相似,流域整体回归方程R2=0.365,且生态基流对气候变化响应具有整体性和衰减性。研究结果可 为尼雅河流域生态调水和水生态修复提供参考。

  • 新疆葱属植物区系地理特征

    Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2022-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:葱属(Allium Linnaeus)植物是具有重要价值的植物资源。中国新疆地区位于亚欧大陆腹地,地处亚洲中部,且具有丰富的葱属植物多样性。查证葱属植物相关书著、文献资料及标本信息记录,探讨新疆葱属植物资源及其区系地理特征,为该属植物的系统分类、生物多样性保育以及资源合理开发利用等方面提供参考。依据已有的葱属相关记录和资料,新疆葱属植物有58种、1亚种、2变种、6栽培种。新疆分布的葱属植物的区系地理特征:(1)新疆葱属植物的分布地域主要集中在天山、伊犁塔城、阿勒泰、喀什地区,新疆葱属植物多生长于荒漠、草原、干旱坡地、砾石地、山地、高山、林下(森林)生境;(2)在地理成分的分布区类型中,新疆葱属植物主要分布在II C5b准噶尔亚地区,II C5b的区系属于温带荒漠性质;ⅠA2 阿尔泰地区、ⅡC5a 塔城伊犁亚地区、ⅠA3 天山地区、ⅡC6c 喀什亚地区也相对较多;(3)在新疆植被区划的系统单位类型中,新疆葱属植物分布在ⅠB1(阿尔泰山-北塔山草原省)、ⅡA2(东天山北坡草原云杉林及高山草甸植被省)、ⅡA1(准噶尔盆地半灌木荒漠植被省)、ⅡB3(天山南坡荒漠及山地草原植被省)植被省的种类较多,其次是ⅡB1(东疆砾质戈壁灌木荒漠植被省)、ⅠA1(准噶尔盆地西部山地草原省)、ⅡB2(塔里木盆地灌木荒漠植被省)植被省,分布在ⅡB4(帕米尔-昆仑-阿尔金山地荒漠与高山草原植被省)、ⅠC1(新疆南部高寒草原省)植被省的种类相对较少;(4)新疆葱属植物的水平分布和垂直分布均存在分异;(5)新疆葱属植物与哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯的共有种较多,中国新疆地区与哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯之间的葱属植物共有种数无太大差异且共有种的相似度较高。今后还应综合分子系统发育(植物系统发育区系地理学)、演化历史(历史植物地理学)、分子生物地理学等方面进行纵深研究。

  • 新疆准噶尔盆地未开垦盐碱土盐分与盐生植被多样性分析

    Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2022-02-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:以新疆准噶尔盆地未开垦盐碱土为研究对象,测量土壤含盐量、pH、电导率、八大离子等指标,采用多元统计、主成分分析法(PCA)对采样区盐碱土分布特征与盐生植被多样性进行研究。结果表明:(1)研究区以硫酸盐-氯化物盐土、硫酸盐盐土为主。中、重度硫酸盐-氯化物盐土、硫酸盐盐土以链状或条带状集中分布在昌吉回族自治州、博尔塔拉蒙古自治州。阿勒泰地区的苏打盐土、苏打碱土呈点状分布。(2)昌吉回族自治州以真盐植被为优势种,如梭梭(Haloxylon ammoden⁃ dron)和叉毛蓬(Petrosimonia sibirica);博尔塔拉蒙古自治州以泌盐植被为优势种,如琵琶柴(Reau⁃ muria songarica)、骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)。(3)二次多项式较好地表达了土壤盐分与植被多样性关系,土壤含盐量在5~10 mgg-1 之间时,Shannon-Wiener指数、Hurlbert指数、Pielou均匀度指数达到最大值;pH在8.4~9.2范围内,盐生植被物种更为丰富,分布较均匀。(4)盐生植被优势种与土壤性状的PCA分析表明,土壤盐分是影响琵琶柴、梭梭、猪毛菜(Salsola collina)、柽柳(Tamarix chinen⁃ sis)分布的关键因子,而刺毛碱蓬(Suaeda acuminata)、唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)主要受土壤 pH、CO23 - 的影响。本研究为未开垦土地资源的合理利用、生态修复提供理论依据。

  • 生态输水对孔雀河地下水埋深及植被的影响

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2021-08-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:为了解生态输水后地下水埋深和植被的变化,采用统计方法和遥感影像数据分析输水后孔雀河地下水埋深时空变化特征、地下水埋深和累积输水量的关系以及输水后NDVI和植被覆盖度的变化。结果表明:从时间变化来看,生态输水后孔雀河地下水埋深呈现稳步抬升趋势,年内地下水埋深变化主要受人类农业生产活动影响;从空间变化来看,垂直于河道方向上各断面地下水埋深的抬升幅度随距离的增加而减小,沿河道方向上,中游断面埋深抬升变化量最大;地下水埋深与累积生态输水量呈负相关,中游断面相关性最显著;2016—2019年上游和中游断面所在的研究河段NDVI分别增长了64.28%和100%,下游河段NDVI值稳定在0.05,距河道2 km范围内植被覆盖度呈增长趋势。生态输水对孔雀河流域地下水埋深和植被已产生积极作用,建议在未来的生态输水过程中保持合理输水量的同时,加强地下水监管力度,保护生态安全。

  • 新疆野苹果枝条化学计量海拔变异特征研究

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2021-04-23 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:为揭示不同海拔新疆野苹果(Malus sieversii)养分化学计量特征的变异性,选择一条山谷作为固定研究区,在1300 m、1400 m、1500 m和1600 m等4个海拔梯度上连续3 a(2016—2018年)开展调查取样,对比分析野苹果一年生枝条N、P、K化学计量时空变异特征及其与环境的关系。结果表明:不同海拔和年份新疆野苹果枝条化学计量指标多为中、弱变异,其中P的变异性最弱,N:K变异性最强;年份对除P:K外的5个化学计量指标有显著影响,而海拔仅对N:P有显著影响;枝条N、N:P及N:K也受年份与海拔交互作用的影响。枝条P(2017年除外)、K及P:K在不同海拔间无显著差异,但均具有明显的年际变化;枝条N、N:P及N:K同时具有显著的年际和海拔变异性,其变化趋势各异。相关性分析和NMDS分析表明,野苹果自身生长状况(枯枝率、投影盖度、病虫害程度及结果量)、年降水量及土壤因子对枝条化学计量特征均有一定影响,但不同化学计量指标的响应特征不同;总体上,植株长势越好,其枝条养分含量越低。可见,野苹果枝条化学计量特征在不同海拔梯度和年际间具有明显的变异性,其影响因素较为复杂。

  • 新疆旅游产业—经济发展—生态环境耦合态势分析及预测

    Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-11-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:旅游产业作为国家战略产业之一,在经济发展中起到了很大的贡献作用,旅游与经济的发展都以生态环境为主要依托,因此处理好三者之间的关系是实现可持续发展的关键。在构建旅游产业—经济发展—生态环境评价指标体系的基础上,运用耦合协调模型对新疆2008—2017年三大系统耦合协调发展进行综合实证研究,并利用灰色预测模型GM(1,1)对未来五年的耦合协调度进行预测。结果表明:2008—2017年新疆旅游产业—经济发展—生态环境系统综合发展状态可分为两种类型,其中2008—2010年为生态超前型,2011—2017年为经济超前型;三大系统之间具有较高的关联度,从时间维度上看,耦合协调度呈现波动上升的趋势,从协调等级上看,整体从初级协调逐步演变到中级协调;未来几年内,新疆三大系统的耦合协调度总体上呈现小幅增长的趋势,在2021年达到良好协调水平。

  • 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘风沙土土壤水分特征与毛管水最大上升高度

    Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-11-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》

    Abstract:为确定古尔班通古特沙漠南缘地下水深埋区毛管上升水的最大上升高度,对划分固沙植物水分来源提供理论依据,于2016年3月~2018年11月,采用中子仪法对试验地0~10 m土层土壤含水量进行观测,分析沙丘不同坡位土壤含水量的季节变化情况,并利用最大分子持水量与土壤含水量曲线交会法确定试验地毛管水的最大上升高度。结果表明:沙丘不同坡位0~130 cm土层的土壤含水量受外界气象因素影响较大,随季节变化规律明显;130 cm土层以下至570~760 cm土层为土壤含水量较为稳定的干沙层;而570~760 cm以下土层的土壤含水量主要受地下水水位波动和毛管上升水的影响,其含水量变化上界可看作是毛管水的最大上升高度。试验地的最大分子持水量为0.026 1 cm3·cm-3,且沙丘不同坡位毛管水的最大上升高度分布在250~290 cm之间。

  • 水资源约束下的渭干河流域耕地适宜规模

    Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-06-19 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:利用遥感、水文、气象、统计年鉴等数据,基于水量平衡原理建立以生态耗水为主要水资源约束条件的耕地适宜规模模型,以渭干河流域为研究对象,估算1990—2017年4期耕地适宜面积并评价其开发潜力。结果表明:① 1990—2017年渭干河流域耕地面积持续增加,其转化来源以灌木林、草地为主。② 流域水源主要来自地表径流与可利用降水,流域耗水以生态耗水为主。③ 来水量、作物种植结构与节水灌溉是影响适宜耕地面积估算的主要因素。④ 1990年耕地达到相对饱和状态;2000年耕地水平不稳定,其扩张影响生态环境的平衡;随着作物种植结构调整与节水灌溉普及,2010、2017年实际耕地面积远小于其当年来水量下适宜耕地面积,未来耕地具有较大开发潜力。

  • 开都河源区径流变化的气候响应

    Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-04-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract:气候变化下的山区径流时空变异特征是干旱区水文水资源研究的热点之一。本研究选择天山南坡开都河流域源区为典型研究区,基于1958—2017年大山口水文站和巴音布鲁克水文站径流数据,及巴音布鲁克气象观测数据,采用TFPWMK趋势检验、小波分析与小波相干等方法分析径流序列的趋势、突变和周期特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:近60 a来,开都河源区径流、降水、气温呈显著增加趋势,并且径流量、降水量与最高气温的增率在加快,而平均气温与最低气温的增率减缓;径流量、降水与平均气温的突变年份集中在20世纪90年代,并且均存在28 a的周期;夏季径流量增加主要受夏季升温的影响,而早春径流量增加主要与冬季降水增加、早春升温有关;在年尺度上,降水是影响开都河径流变化的主要因素,气温主要以积温形式影响着径流的变化;在月尺度上,积温与降水均与径流呈显著正相关关系,且源区上游径流较下游径流对气温变化更为敏感。

  • 2000—2018年古尔班通古特沙漠EVI时空变化特征

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2019-11-14 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract: 基于MODIS-EVI数据,采用一元线性回归、经验正交函数(EOF)、变异系数,从时间和空间两个维度分析古尔班通古特沙漠增强型植被指数(EVI)的时空变化特征。结果表明:2000—2018年古尔班通古特沙漠整体EVI的年际变化呈显著增加趋势,增长速率为0.0160·(10a)-1(P<0.01),其中固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘中的EVI年际变化也呈显著增加趋势;生长季内沙漠整体及不同类型EVI的变化趋势大致相同,从3月开始,EVI逐渐增加,并在6—7月达到一年中的最高值;古尔班通古特沙漠大部分区域的EVI呈上升趋势,上升趋势明显的区域主要集中在沙漠南缘以及沙漠西缘的开荒区域,沙漠腹地EVI上升趋势较小,EVI降低的区域主要分布在沙漠北部;古尔班通古特沙漠EVI波动较大的区域在沙漠西缘与南缘,其中波动最大的区域在沙漠西缘的开荒区域,沙漠腹地EVI波动较小。EVI能够较好地反映以固定和半固定为主的沙漠区植被覆盖变化,其反映的植被状况对区域沙漠地貌类型的空间划分具有重要的参考意义。

  • 5种盐生植物生物炭产率及其理化性质

    Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2019-11-14 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract: 为了解不同盐生植物的生物炭特性的种间差异,特选用盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、盐角草(Salicornia europaea)、高碱蓬(Suaeda altissima)、野榆钱菠菜(Atripex aucheri)、盐穗木(Halostachys caspica)5种黎科盐生植物为研究对象,于500℃温度下炭化制备生物炭,通过理化性质分析,并结合主成分分析来探讨盐生植物原材料对生物炭特性差异的影响。结果表明:生物炭的产率受盐生植物原材料灰分含量影响。此外,生物炭灰分、养分及阳离子含量受盐生植物原材料物质成分的影响。炭化能显著增加生物质灰分含量,5种生物炭灰分含量与原材料相比增加了67.23%~169.32%,同时伴随着灰分增加,水溶性Na+、K+等低价离子富集,pH、电导率(EC)增大,碱性增强。本研究为盐生植物生物炭在改良酸性土壤、炭化原材料选择等方面提供基础数据及理论参考。

  • 潜在蒸散发估算的简化方法及其应用

    Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2019-11-14 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》

    Abstract: 潜在蒸散发在区域水量平衡、干旱程度评价、农作物需水量等方面的研究中具有重要的作用。然而,潜在蒸散发的空间化处理一直以来都是相关研究面临的一个挑战。基于新疆地区1960—2017年66个气象站的观测数据,通过一种简单的参数方程,实现了潜在蒸散发(ET0)的空间化处理。研究结果表明:① 简化参数方程中的2个重要参数a,c的空间分布呈现一定的规律,参数a在空间上呈现东南高,西北低的特点;参数c则随海拔的增加而增大。② 简化参数方程与Penman-Monteith方法相比,拟合结果在日、月和季节尺度上的R2值均大于0.90,且R2值随时间尺度的增加而增加。③ 将简化参数方程的拟合结果与CRU数据和MOD16A2数据进行对比发现:简化参数方程与Penman-Monteith方法拟合的R2值较高,拟合效果和偏差指标表现更佳,而CRU、MOD16A2数据拟合的R2值较低。简化参数方程所获得的潜在蒸散发精度高且空间分辨率更高(500 m×500 m),是一种适用于新疆地区潜在蒸散发估算的简便有效的方法。