Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：当今时代是信息技术飞速发展的时代,各类新技术、新手段层出不穷,给人们的生产、生活带来巨大改变和影响。在媒体传播领域,新技术的发展和影响同样不容小觑,传统媒体的地位不断被挑战、被颠覆,新媒体不断涌现、百花齐放,巨大而深刻的变革使得以广播为主的传统媒体遭遇巨大冲击和风险,但同时也潜藏着极大的发展机遇。为此,文章以媒体融合背景下的电视新闻作为研究对象,探讨在新媒体时代视域下的传统电视新闻的应对策略,以帮助其抵抗冲击和风险,谋求新的发展。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Attentional bias towards threat information is a common phenomenon in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) individuals. A number of studies have investigated the processing characteristics and internal mechanisms of attentional bias by using eye-movement technology. it is found that factors influenced the three components are distinct. First, facilitated attention is the consequence by the interaction of the threat stimulus type and the eye movement indicators. PTSD individuals are more likely to be alert to threat words, which is not only related to the interference of pictures and words in the recognition process, but also affected by arousal, salience and complexity of stimulus. Furthermore, the smaller visual angle presented in previous studies may also accelerate the attentional capture of threat words. In addition, the inconsistent selection of eye movement measures may also cause the difference of the results of attention directed acceleration: the first fixation latency is not sensitive to the component due to the inability to measure the apparent eye movement. Moreover, the spatial indicators are more suitable to investigate this processing to threat words, but pupil index is more appropriate to threat pictures. Second, PTSD individuals do not have the difficulty in attention disengagement to threat words. It may be related to preview, information density, and unconscious binding. Words preview leads to rapid processing; however, it is not available to continuously capture the attention because of low information density. Besides, the unconscious binding of “static-words” also makes it difficult to show the difficulty in attention disengagement to threat words. Third, the absence of attentional avoidance to threat information may be a long-term self-protection strategy adopted by PTSD individuals, and this result will not be affected by analysis methods, stimuli types, and presentation time. Therefore, it is more likely to be the mechanism of “facilitated attention - difficulty in attention disengagement”. Indeed, compared with behavioral response time, eye tracking technology can monitor the time course of attention while PTSD individuals look at the threat stimuli. On the one hand, it can deeply understand the attention characteristics of PTSD individuals caused by different types of traumatic events, and on the other hand, it can verify relevant attention-biased stage theory. From the observation of phenomenon to the theoretical construction, it is a more comprehensive investigation of the attentional bias processing mechanism to this type of affective disorder. Future research may also should to pay attention to the following aspects. First of all, whether researchers can maximize the advantages of eye movement technology is still worth discussing. They can construct the unique attentional bias eye movement pattern and corresponding eye movement model of PTSD individuals from multiple dimensions based on the perspective of eye movement mechanism, for example, age. The PTSD rate of American children and adolescents is higher than that of American adults caused by the same experience, and compared with PTSD adults, PTSD children will show more hypervigilance and traumatic memories of repeated intrusions. In addition, the immaturity of the eye physiological system of children and adolescents may lead to more limitations or inconsistent eye movement patterns. The superposition of these differences may cause heterogeneity in the eye movement patterns of attentional bias between different PTSD groups. Consequently, it is necessary to construct corresponding attentional bias eye movement patterns and theoretical models from the age level for researchers. Second, when researchers make full use of eye tracking technology to investigate PTSD attention bias, they also need to combine multiple technologies to investigate the threat attention bias mechanism of PTSD individuals from a multimodal perspective, such as physiological indicators, event-related potentials, and so on.
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-11-18
Abstract： Attentional bias towards threat is a common phenomenon in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) individuals. A number of studies have investigated the processing characteristics and internal mechanisms of attentional bias by using eye-movement technology. Results are inconsistent about components of attentional bias, but still provide evidences for different models, such as vigilance-avoidance model and attentional maintenance model. Based on eye-movement patterns from different dimensions, the future studies should pay attention to the model building and integration while recording the eye movements of PTSD individuals. Furthermore, researchers could combine multiple technologies to investigate the threat attention bias mechanism of PTSD individuals from a multimodal perspective.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology submitted time 2022-07-01
Abstract：
Stock trading is a complex decision-making situation. How can a stock market novice be influenced by experts? This involves the issue of advice-taking in decision-making, which usually adopts the judge-advisor system (JAS) paradigm. The need for cognitive closure (NFCC) is defined as a motivation for seeking a firm answer to a question and ending ambiguity. The quality of advice (QOA) is a subjective perception to measure advice accuracy, which directly affects judges’ advice-taking. Since the assessment of the QOA is a dynamic adjustment process, will it lead to more reliance on advice information for those with a high NFCC? For instance, participants with a high NFCC are still more likely to take advice when presenting a low-quality advice.
Advice-taking in the JAS paradigm has been measured via formula (1) generally（Yaniv，2004a). We argue that this indicator will damage information during processing extreme data, such as woa>1, which may lead to low sensitivity. We proposed the formula (2) to avoid the disadvantage of formula (1).
....................(1)
where WOA is the weight of advice; VoF is the value of final; VoI is the value of initial; VoA is the value of advice.
..............(2)
Formula (2) established if and only if VoA≠VoI, otherwise WOAlg=0.
In this paper, JAS paradigm was employed to program a task of stock closing price estimation. The 30 stocks from Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Market were selected as experimental materials. The experiment manipulated the NFCC of participants through the time pressure provided to the participants, meanwhile the QOA was manipulated based on the average accuracy of advisor, which the high QOA is an advice whose accuracy is 80%, whereas the accuracy of the low QOA is 60%. The 2(NFCC: high vs. low) ×2(QOA: high vs. low) ×30(trials of prediction) mixed experimental design was employed with NFCC and QOA as between-subjects variables and with trials of prediction as a within-subject variable. The dependent variables were prediction accuracy, score, WOA, WOAlg, pre-advice confidence, post-advice confidence, and accuracy rating for advisors.
Consistent with our hypothesis, the results confirmed that: 1) WOAlg was a more sensitive index in comparison to the WOA. 2) Under the low QOA, the participants with a high NFCC were more likely to accept the advice, and during the high QOA, the NFCC didn't affect the advice taking. 3) the participants with a low NFCC were more likely to accept the advice when the QOA was high, however, for those with a high NFCC, the QOA didn't affect the advice-taking. 4)The advice from advisors improved the accuracy of participants’ stock predictions, however, the accuracy rating for advisors for high-quality advice was underestimated.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-22
Abstract： Problematic social media use (PSMU) is discussed as a potential further type of disorders due to addictive behaviors. The I-PACE (Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition Execution) model illustrates the mechanisms and processes assumed to be relevant for the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors, potentially including problematic social media use. The interaction of affective and cognitive components (e.g., the confrontation with addiction-related cues leading to cue reactivity and craving and decision making) is assumed to result in a continuation of the behavior (e.g., use of social networks). Dysfunctional decision-making behavior, reflecting this imbalance, is considered as risk factor for and a consequence of an addictive behavior. This study investigates if the presentation of social- media -related cues interferes with decision making under risk. We conducted two studies using the Wheel of Fortune task. In study 1, the relationship between problematic social media use and risk decision-making was investigated. This study used a 2 (participant type: PSMU group, control group) × 2 (risk level: low, high) mixed design with participant type as a between-subjects variable. Participants were asked to complete the Wheel of Fortune task by pressing the F or J key. In study 2, in order to investigates if the presentation of Social-media-related cues interferes with decision making under risk, a 2 (participant type: PSMU, HC) × 2 (risk level: low, high) × 2(variation between conditions: C1, C2) mixed design was used. Participants were asked to make a choice by pressing the F or J key after the relevant information pictures disappears. The results were observed as follows: (1) When no cues were presented, the response time of the PSMU group was longer, and they chose riskier options less frequently under high-risk level. (2) When neutral and social media-related cues were presented, the consistency conditions increased the number of times the PSMU group chose riskier options, and the impact on the first arrival time of the PSMU group was greater than that on the control group. Compared to the control group, the response time of the problem group was also more influenced by social-related cues.In summary, this study revealed that Problematic social media use can influence risk decision-making, and social media-related information has a greater impact on the PSMU group, increasing their tendency to take risks during risk decision-making. In the future, research can be conducted to explore the brain activities of problematic social media users during the risk decision-making process, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between problematic social media use and risk decision-making.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： When our visual system processes target signals, it usually receives large amounts of irrelevant information from the target, leading to a reduction in the visibility of the target. A wealth of research has shown that visual search for target letters against a masking background is largely determined by the masker type. Informational maskers, such as either randomly positioned and oriented letters or randomly distributed letter fragments, induce stronger masking effects on recognition of target letters than the energetic maskers do, such as the random-phase masker (same spectral amplitude composition as the letter masker but with the phase spectrum randomized) or the random-pixel masker (the locations of the letter maskers’ pixel amplitudes being randomized). However, the mechanisms under informational masking and those under energetic masking are still unknown. The current study examined both cortical activities and behavioral performances in the visual search task, which is determined by whether one of four letters presented at four symmetrically-located positions differs from the others under three masking conditions (random pixels, letter fragments, and random letters). Both the oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (HbO) responses in the primary visual cortex (V1) and secondary visual cortex (V2) with a functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were recorded. Twenty (4 males, 16 females) healthy adults (mean age: 22.5 ± 1.67 years) participated in the experiment. Each masking condition contained 5 blocks, and each block contained 8 trails. There was a resting phase of 20 seconds between the two blocks. Spatial registration methods were applied to localize the cortical regions underneath each channel and to define two regions of interest (ROIs), which are the primary visual cortex (V1) and secondary visual cortex (V2). The behavioral results showed that the performance of recognizing target letters improved when the masker type shifted from random letters to letter fragments and to random pixels, suggesting that the letter masker interfered the most with performance than the letter fragment and random-pixel maskers. The random-pixel masker caused the least masking effect. The fNIRS results showed that both letter masker and letter-fragment masker produced an increase in cortical oxygen level. Many regions of interest (ROIs), particularly the visual cortex (including V1 and V2), were more activated under the letter or the letter-fragment masking condition compared to the random-pixel masking condition. Moreover, the differences in cortical activation between the masking conditions further suggested that the V1 and V2 are the critical brain regions involved in visual letter search and informational masking of letter recognition. To summarize, this study used fNIRS to explore the cortex activation patterns of different types of masking on target recognition. The results showed that information masking had much more interference on visual search and caused greater processing loads in primary and secondary visual cortex, compared with energy masking under the same conditions. Furthermore, the differences between letter fragments masking and letters masking are reflected in the activation mode of V1 and V2 regions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Attentional capture refers to the phenomenon that task-related stimuli unconsciously capture attention and get priority processing in attentional orientation. Attentional control Settings (ACS) can guide attention to task-related stimuli, and then preferentially process it. When target is defined as a category composed of multiple objects, the attention system will form category-specific attentional control settings (cACS). Investigating the mechanism of cACS in attentional capture can not only expand and enrich previous theoretical research, but also provide basis and guidance for real life. The present study reviewed the characteristics of cACS. Firstly, related to the processing stage of cACS, some previous studies claimed it occurred at an early stage, while others thought it happened at a late stage. Two-stage hypothesis combined these two views and postulated that different cACS can guide attention independently at the early stage, and then integrate into one single cACS at the late stage. In addition, cACS can also be preactivated in the preattentive stage to improve the subsequent search efficiently. Secondly, relative to the processing weight of cACS, the attributes (e.g., color, size, shape or motion) of category, the size of items in category and the abstraction of categorical hierarchy were proven to be the impact factors of the processing weight of cACS. Specifically, the processing weight of cACS was lower than the feature-specific attentional control settings (fACS). The weight of color-specific cACS was larger than that of other cACSs. The weight of cACS was reduced along with a larger size of items in category. And the weight of superordinate-level cACS was lower than that of subordinate-level cACS. Thirdly, relative to the involved brain regions of cACS, we summarized the previous functional brain imaging research and found object-selective cortex (OSC) involved the processing of extracting cACS stored in long-term memory and selecting target/inhibiting distractor. Finally, we summarized the neural mechanisms of cACS in attentional capture. Firstly, cACS can preactivate in the early preattentive stage of processing to promote the detection of categorical stimuli (as the involvement of OSC). When the visual stimulus is occurred, cACS can compare the current stimulus to the definition of target (as the index of N1 and P1 components), the frontal parietal network (PFC, LIP, etc.) involve in the category judgment process, and the left superior temporal sulcus (lSTS) participate in the integration of top-down and bottom-up processing. The stimulus that matches target definition can induce attentional capture (as the index of N2pc component), while the stimulus that mismatches the target definition can elicit attentional inhibition (as the index of PD component). When cACS engage in visual search task, the processing weight of attention is affected by different attributes (color, shape, etc.), item size within category, category hierarchy. In addition, if the target is defined as multiple cACS (e.g., a digit with warm color), the different dimensions of cACS (e.g., symbol and color ) will affect attentional capture independently at the early stage, and then these two independent cACS can be integrated into one cACS in the late stage. In the late stage, the consolidation in working memory (as the index of CDA component) and the behavioral response (as the index of accuracy and response time and the involvement of SMA and precuneus) are involved. Future studies can focus on the categorical rejection template for distractors, the various effects of different types of cACS in attentional capture, and the mechanism of artificial cACS.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-01-21
Abstract： In our daily life, people have plenty of opportunities to share their memories of past experience or knowledge with others. In such conversation, the phenomenon which, due to conscious or unconscious selective retrieval of speakers, listeners forget the unmentioned but relevant memories, is called socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting (SS-RIF). Based on previous research of the phenomenon, the current study focuses on the influence of bottom-up processing of social interactive situations and top-down cognitive control of inhibition on SS-RIF, investigating whether the presence of speaker or not, and the listener’s ability of various types of inhibition control would affect the occurrence and scale of SS-RIF. In Experiment 1, a 2 (interactive level: the presence of the speaker, the absence of the speaker) × 2 (interactive role: speaker, listener) × 4 (item types: Rp+, Rp–, Nrp+, Nrp–) mixed design was adopted, in which interactive level was the between-participants design while interactive role and item type were the within-participants design. The dependent variable was the correct recall proportion in the final recall test. A total of 116 healthy volunteers participated in Experiment 1. They were randomly assigned to different interactive level conditions. All participants of Experiment 1 were recruited in Experiment 2 to explore the effect of different types of inhibitory control on socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting in different experimental conditions. It was found in Experiment 1 that, regardless of condition, the phenomenon of within-individual retrieval-induced forgetting in speakers appeared; however, the socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting in listeners only arose in the presence of the speaker condition. Furthermore, Experiment 2, carried out on the basis of Experiment 1, showed that the effect of socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting was independent from levels of inhibitory control. Interestingly, in the presence of the speaker condition, the effect of socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting in listeners was correlated with the effect of their within-individual retrieval-induced forgetting as speakers. The above results indicate that the factor of social interactive situation indeed plays a significant role in the effect of SS-RIF. Without the presence of speaker, through monitoring the accuracy of audio material, listener’s SS-RIF do not appear. Moreover, the finding that levels of inhibition control do not affect SS-RIF may provide evidence for the double or multiple mechanisms under SS-RIF in social interactive condition, that is, not only inhibition, but also other mechanisms such as blocking jointly explain the phenomenon of SS-RIF. Furthermore, according to the correlation of the same person’s effect of socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting as listener and within-individual retrieval-induced forgetting as speaker, it can be speculated that the inner mechanism of SS-RIF and RIF shares certain similarities. These findings are of great significance for understanding the occurrence conditions and factors affecting socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting, and shed light on the bidirectional processing model of SS-RIF. Further, they contribute to the revelation of the important role of SS-RIF in listeners forming collective memory, and provide some inspiring viewpoints for future research.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-01-22
Abstract： Based on a UMC 55 nm CMOS process, this paper implements a 10 GHz high-performance charge pump phase-locked loop with high-speed output and low power consumption, which can provide a high-frequency differential clock for the data transmission system in particle physics experiments. A dual-branch charge pump with an operational amplifier and dummy MOSFETs is designed to reduce the influence of non-ideal factors on the circuit. A high-speed, low-power 64-divider circuit is designed to convert the 10 GHz differential clock output by the phase-locked loop into a 156.25MHz single-ended clock. An LC voltage-controlled oscillator is designed with a complementary cross-coupled structure, which enables fast start-up with low phase noise. The simulation results show that under the typical process corner, the phase noise of the VCO at 1 MHz frequency offset is -104.14 dBc/Hz. The PLL lock time is about 500ns, the power consumption is 22.34mW, and the peak-to-peak jitter is 6.59ps.
Subjects: Nursing >> Nursing submitted time 2023-10-16
Abstract： to understand the common problems of the post-90s nursing interns in clinical practice, to summarize the corresponding countermeasures, to effectively improve the quality of practice, to impart relevant experience to the next intern.Methods 150 post-00s nursing interns were randomly selected to investigate the common problems of nursing students during their internship by self-made questionnaire.Results According to the survey, 28% of the students felt anxious, 41.33% had weak sense of self-protection and law, 56.67% needed to strengthen theory and operation, 22.67% could not communicate with patients effectively 1.33% could not communicate effectively with their teachers, 9.33% could not complete the tasks assigned by their teachers on time, 6.67% could not correct their mistakes, and 8.78% thought the health education for patients was dispensable From the results (p< 0.05) , it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between theory knowledge and technique operation and gender, and from the results ( p< 0.05) , it can be concluded that active participation in nursing operation, learning with an open mind, active thinking has a certain correlation with age, education, and school performance, and has a statistical difference.CONCLUSION The survey results mainly reflect the problems of the post-00s generation, such as lack of initiative and practical ability, poor practical ability, etc.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Plant ecology, plant geography submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract： Aims The concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has considerably increased over last century and is set to rise further. Forest ecosystems play a key role in reducing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and mitigating global climate change. Our objective is to understand carbon storage and its distribution in forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province, China. Methods By using the 8th forest resource inventory data and 2011–2012 field investigation data, we estimated carbon storage, density and its distribution in forest ecosystems of Zhejiang Province. Important findings The carbon storage of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province was 602.73 Tg, of which 122.88 Tg in tree layer, 16.73 Tg in shrub-herb layer, 11.36 Tg in litter layer and 451.76 Tg in soil layer accounting for 20.39%, 2.78%, 1.88% and 74.95% of the total carbon storage, respectively. The carbon storage of mixed broadleaved forests was 138.03 Tg which ranked the largest (22.91%) among all forest types. The young and middle aged forests which accounted for 70.66% of the total carbon storage were the main body of carbon storage in Zhejiang Province. The carbon density of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province was 120.80 t·hm–2 and that in tree layer, shrub-herb layer, litter layer and soil layer were 24.65 t·hm–2, 3.36 t·hm–2, 2.28 t·hm–2 and 90.51 t·hm–2, respectively. The significant relationship between soil organic carbon storage and forest ecosystem carbon storage indicates that soil carbon played an important role in shaping forest ecosystem carbon density. Carbon density of tree layer increased with age in natural forests, but decreased in the order over-mature >near-mature >mature >middle-aged >young forest in plantations. The proportions of young and middle aged forests were larger than any other age classes. Thereby, the carbon storage of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province could be increased through a proper forest management.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> Nuclear Physics Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-02-27
LUFenhua
TANG Shuwen
FU Shengwei
YAN Duo
MA Peng
YANG Haibo
YU Yuhong
ZHANG Xueheng
WANG Shitao
ZHANG Yongjie
FANG Fang
LIU Tuoqi
XU Yingfeng
LI Zhiyao
LIU Xiangman
WEI Xiaobao
SUN Zhiyu
Abstract： The high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility (HIAF) under construction is equipped with an advanced radioactive beam line HFRS, which will provide a new opportunity for the research of high-energy radionuclide beam physics in China.The characteristic of HFRS is high intensity, This puts forward very strict requirements for particle recognition energy loss detector.The traditional energy loss detector generally adopts the analog plug-in technology route of preamplifier, main amplifier and ADC for signal processing.This scheme has some problems, such as slow electronic response, poor flexibility and difficulty in dealing with serious pulse pile-up at high count rate. We propose a new applicable to high count rate energy loss detector scheme.The signal of the energy loss detector is initially amplified by the fast charge sensitive preamplifier, and Then the waveform is directly collected by waveform digitizer and then processed by digital algorithm.And use the Multiple Sampling Ionization Chamber (MUSIC) of secondary beam line of lanzhou RIBLL2 for the radioactive source and beam test.Using the 3 components 𝛼 source test, using digital shaping algorithm processing for acquisition of waveform, energy resolution (FWHM) of up to 1.31%.In RIBLL2 provide 300 MeV/u of 56Fe beam test, uses the time constant of 𝜏f = 2 𝜇𝑠 of fast charge sensitive preamplifier on the count rate is close to 1 MHz is still not occurred pulse pile-up obviously.
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