Subjects: Physics >> Nuclear Physics Subjects: Physics >> Geophysics, Astronomy, and Astrophysics submitted time 2023-12-22
Abstract： Research performed during the past decade revealed an important role of symmetry energy in the equation of state of quark matter. By introducing an isospin-dependent term into the quark mass scaling, the stability window of quark matter was studied in the equivparticle model. The results show that a sufficiently strong isospin dependence $C_I$ can significantly widen the absolute stable region of strange quark matter, yielding results that simultaneously satisfy the constraints of the astrophysical observations of PSR J1614 - 2230 with 1.928$ pm$0.017 M$_ odot$ and tidal deformability $70 le Lambda_{1.4} le 580$ measured in the event GW 170817. Contrary to the case of strange quark matter, the stable region of $u$-$d$ quark matter narrows with isospin dependence $C_I$, leading to inconsistency with astrophysical observations. Finally, we found that the symmetry energy of strange quark matter is much larger than that of $u$-$d$ quark matter, and one-gluon exchange interaction between quarks causes the symmetry energy of strange quark matter to become softer.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-11-06
Abstract： The Transposed-Letter effect (TL effect) demonstrates the importance of letter position encoding in word recognition, highlighting its stable flexibility. In order to understand the processing mechanisms of word recognition, recent research investigated letter position encoding in words with different morphological structures. If the compound word is processed in the morphological decomposition manner, the transposition across morphemes will cause more interference than within morphemes, then resulting in a reduced TL effect. In Chinese, it was also found that the character position encoding is flexible, which is demonstrated by the Transposed-Character (TC) effect. Researchers examined whether the character position encoding is different between the monomorphemic word and the compound word. There was found no significant difference between them. It indicates that the compound word is accessed in a holistic route. However, the Chinese compound word consists of various types of morphological structures. Since the semantic role of each morpheme is different across morphological structures, the subordinative compound word, formed by a modifier and a semantic headedness, might have more rigid character position encoding than the coordinative compound word, formed by two semantic headedness. Then causes different processing mechanisms. Therefore, this study employed eye-tracking technology and the boundary paradigm to explore character position encoding in different morphological structures of two-character words.
Seventy-eight students participated in the experiment, which utilized a 3 (Word type: monomorphemic word, subordinate compound, coordinative compound) × 3 (Preview type: identical preview, transposed preview, unrelated preview) within-participants design. We hypothesized the TC effect exists in all types of the two-character word. However, for the processing of the subordinative compound word, the assignment of the semantic role is needed. Thus, the character flexibility of the subordinative compound word should be lower than that of the coordinative compound and monomorphemic word, which is indicated by the lower TC effect for the subordinative compound word.
The results revealed that the fixation time (First fixation, Gaze duration, and regression path reading time) of transposed previews were significantly shorter than those of unrelated previews. It indicates a significant TC effect and demonstrates the flexibility of character position encoding. Furthermore, the fixation time of identical previews was significantly shorter than that of transposed previews. It indicates the importance of character position encoding in accurate word recognition. We also found an interaction effect between word type and preview type. The subordinate compound word exhibited a smaller TC effect compared to the coordinative compound word and the monomorphemic word. However, the TC effect of the coordinative compound word did not differ from that of the monomorphemic word in terms of gaze duration and regression path reading time. Additionally, the difference between the identical preview and the transposed preview conditions was greater for the subordinate compound word than for the coordinative compound word and the monomorphemic word. However, the difference between identical preview and transposed preview conditions of the coordinative compound word did not differ from that of the monomorphemic word in terms of gaze duration.
In conclusion, the character position encoding of the monomorphemic word and the coordinative compound word showed greater flexibility compared to that of the subordinate compound word, while no significant difference was observed between the monomorphemic word and the coordinative compound word. These findings suggest that the morphological structure of the two-character word directly influences the TC effect, supporting the dual-route race model of the processing of the morphological complex word and providing empirical support for the Chinese reading model.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Writing and reading are both developed on the basis of written language and share some common neural mechanisms. Writing can affect reading processing due to that reading not only relies on visual processing, but also relies on writing motor representation. Different ways of writing have different effects on reading, i.e., traditional writing promotes reading processing, whilst typing impedes the reading processing to some extent. For Chinese readers, traditional writing promotes reading processing by strengthening orthographic representation, however, the effect of typing on reading processing is still controversial. In the future, we should investigate the different neural mechanisms underlying different writing approaches. More importantly, we should focus on the influence of typing on Chinese character processing.
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-11-12 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：选用非滑动式Lagrange插值法和滑动式Lagrange插值法对北斗卫星导航系统（Beidou Satellite Navigation Syetem, BDS）精密星历进行插值，通过大量实验对BDS卫星的插值精度与两种方法及插值阶次的关系进行研究。实验结果表明：（1）分别采用非滑动式和滑动式Lagrange插值时，MEO卫星和IGSO卫星的插值误差随阶次增加近似呈“U”形和“L”形分布，GEO卫星的插值误差随阶次增加表现出逐渐增大和近似平稳的形式；（2）当插值阶次较低时，两种方法的插值误差均会出现一定的规律性，但GEO卫星插值误差的规律性弱于MEO卫星和IGSO卫星；（3）各颗卫星采用两种方法的最优插值阶次相差均在1以内，且最佳插值阶次下，滑动式Lagrange插值精度较非滑动式可提高11.96%~44.01%，GEO卫星插值精度优于MEO卫星和IGSO卫星。
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-05-07
Abstract： In the present study, readers’ eye movements were recorded to investigate the influence of word highlighting information on the preview processing of between-words and within-words. Most studies on preview effects have found that the size of the preview effects is 30~50ms (Rayner, 2009). Hyönä et al. (2004) examined parafoveal processing of the end lexeme of a long Finnish compound while the beginning lexeme of the compound was fixated. And the results found 80ms preview effect which was more pronounced than previous literatures. The larger preview benefit may have been due to the fact that the preview word is part of one larger linguistic unit (within-words); however, in previous experiments, the preview word and the current fixated word belong to different words (between-words). Consequently, researchers speculated that within-words might induce larger preview effect than that of between-words. Some researchers used compound words (within-words) and phrases (between-words) to further explore this issue and they found that there were no differences between within-words and between-words in preview effects(Juhasz et al., 2009). The results cannot exclude the possible explanation that larger preview effect for within-words is caused by the higher syntactic expectations of nouns comes from adjectives in phrases inducing larger preview effect and then counterbalances the possible differences between the two kinds of words. The present study adopted the boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) to probe the preview processing differences between within-words and between-words. In the present study, the first character of a two-character compounds (between-words) and the second character of a two-character compounds (within-words) was manipulated to be presented normally or replaced by a pseudo-character for previews. Moreover, word highlighting sentence and non-word highlighting sentence were introduced to examine whether the word boundary information could exert different influences on the preview processing of between-words and within-words. Marking word boundary by word highlighting has its unique advantages. Most of all, compared with word spaces, word highlighting can not only keep the same sentence length meanwhile providing the word boundary information but also control the same word lateral masking on different conditions. Firstly, the results indicated that the preview effect for between-word was smaller than that of within-word. The results were consistent with the results of Hyönä et al. (2004), which showed that the morphological information of target word could impact on preview processing. Secondly, we found that there were no differences among normal condition, highlighting condition and non-word highlighting condition. Even so, we did not found the significant influences of word boundary demarcation for preview processing, the possible benefit effect of word boundary still could not be ruled out thoroughly. As Bai et al. (2008) pointed out that readers are familiar with the text without any word boundary signals in normal reading; consequently, the null effect between normal and word boundary text may show a priming effect on word boundary condition, which is the one readers are not familiar with. Thirdly, the results showed that word boundary information had similar effects on within-words and between-words. Results of the present study indicated that word morphological information could affect its preview processing; however, word boundary information do not necessarily facilitate preview processing for both between-words and within-words. The possible explanation may be that word segmentation and word recognition occur simultaneously. These results are consistent with the model of word segmentation and word recognition (Li et al., 2009). "
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2018-12-04 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract：书写和阅读是在文字的基础上发展起来的, 二者存在共享的神经网络。书写能影响阅读, 阅读不仅依靠视觉加工, 还依赖书写运动表征。不同书写方式对阅读的影响不同, 传统书写对阅读有促进作用, 电脑打字对阅读产生了一定的消极影响。对汉字来说, 传统书写能加强汉字的正字法表征, 促进汉字阅读; 电脑打字对汉字阅读的影响尚无一致结论。未来研究可以考察传统书写与电脑打字神经机制的差异, 以及电脑打字对汉字认知加工的影响及神经机制。
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