Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-05-29
Abstract： Prosocial behavior is a major aspect of social functioning in childhood and adolescence. Research has indicated relations between parental warmth and children’s prosocial behavior. However, the meachanims for the relations remain unclear, especially in non-Western countries. The primary purpose of the present longitudinal study was to explore the role of children’s group orientation in linking parental warmth and children’s prosocial behavior. Group orientation, characterized as concern for group welfare and interpersonal harmony, has been particularly emphasized in socialization and believed to regulate children’s behaviors in social interaction in Chinese collectivistic society. To address the gap in the literature, this study examined the transactional relations among perceived parental warmth, child group orientation, and child prosocial behavior with a focus on the mediating effects of group orientation.
Multi-wave longitudinal data were collected each year from Grade 4 to Grade 6 in a sample of five randomly selected regular public elementary schools in China (initial N = 1033; 49.5% girls; initial Mage = 10.28 years, SD = 0.69). Data on parental warmth, group orientation, and prosocial behavior were obtained from multiple sources including self-reports and teacher ratings. Measurement invariance tests were first conducted for the measures with multiple indicators across three times of measurement. Next, latent cross-lagged panel models were constructed to examine the relations among maternal/paternal warmth, group orientation, and prosocial behavior controlling children’s gender and parental educational level. Multigroup analyses were also conducted to examine gender differences in the models.
The results showed that maternal warmth positively predicted later prosocial behavior, and child prosocial behavior positively predicted later paternal warmth. Both paternal and maternal warmth positively predicted child group orientation, which in turn positively predicted child prosocial behavior; group orientation was a mediator of the contributions of parental warmth to prosocial behavior. Multigroup analyses showed no significant gender differences in the cross-lagged paths.
The findings highlight the crucial role that group orientation plays in the link between parental warmth and children’s prosocial behavior. The study has significant implications for early intervention to promote children’s prosocial behavior.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-27 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Service of minors has distinct characteristics and good results in American public libraries, and it also has gradually deepened in China in recent years. In order to provide reference for the further development in China, we made comparison on service practice for minors in public libraries between China and America.[Method/process] Using the method of Web content analysis, we selected ten typical public libraries with good service performance to compare the service practice of minors from the aspects of service object, resource promotion, activity project, service standard, etc..[Result/conclusion] We summarized the problems and put forward some suggestions to promote the development of juvenile service in Chinese public libraries, including dividing the age level and extending the range of service targets, strengthening services for young children and adolescents, enhancing the capacity of resource guarantee, improving the policy system and standard system, etc..
Subjects: Astronomy submitted time 2023-08-02 Cooperative journals: 《天文学报》
Abstract： The Hamiltonian describing the motion of charged particles around the Schwarzschild black hole immersed in an external magnetic field is nonintegrable. Such relativistic Hamiltonian systems do not have two splitting parts with analytical solutions as explicit functions of time. This leads to the difficulty in the construction and application of explicit symplectic algorithms to the relativistic systems. Recently, Chinese scholars have published a series of works in the Astrophysical Journal, where explicit symplectic methods are successfully designed for these relativistic Hamiltonians split into three or more explicit integrable parts. There are two questions of whether the numbers of splitting these Hamiltonians affect the numerical accuracy and which of the explicit symplectic integrators shows the best performance. Our latest work in the Astrophysical Journal answered the two questions, and shows that the fourth-order optimal Partitioned-Runge-Kutta (PRK$_{6}4$) explicit symplectic algorithms with the three-part splitting method as the least number of splitting these Hamiltonians performs the best accuracy. This paper applies such an integrator to obtain Poincar\'{e} cross-section, maximum Lyapunov indicators and fast Lyapunov indicators (FLIs), which distinguish between the regular and chaotic dynamical properties of charged particles moving near the magnetized Schwarzschild black hole. For given specific values of the particle energy and angular momentum, a small magnetic field does not induce chaos, whereas a large positive magnetic field parameter easily causes the occurrence of chaos. The strength of chaos increases with the magnetic field increasing. Chaos is also strengthened as the particle energy increases. However, it is weakened when a negative magnetic field parameter and the particle angular momentum increase.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Potato is the fourth most important crop in China, and nearly 70% of its production area overlaps the contiguous, destitute regions, which made potato one of the promising crops for poverty alleviation considering its economic value, high yield, and adaptability. Therefore, transformation of advanced potato cultivation techniques in severe poverty regions is an efficient and robust strategy for precise poverty alleviation. Nevertheless, potato production in China is threatened by several critical issues, including low coverage of virus-free potato seed tubers, infestation by various pathogens, and frequent natural hazards. These obstacles mentioned above impeded the improvement of potato sector, ultimately jeopardizing the poverty reduction through potato cultivation in impoverished rural areas. With endeavors from other institutions, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMCAS) put continuing efforts on optimization of virus-free seed potato production, enhancement of application technology of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, eco-friendly techniques for disease and pest management, and other related research fields in recent years, resulting in the emergence of a Green, High-efficient, Integrated Technique Cultivation (GHITC) system for potato growers and their poverty alleviation. Great achievements have been obtained by introduction of GHITC system to Guizhou, Ningxia, Inter-Mongolia and other potato-growing poverty regions. In this study, we comprehensively rule out the key issues in poverty alleviation through potato industry, systematically summarize advantages of potato GHITC system as well as its contributions to precise poverty alleviation, and speculate future investigations on standardized production, differentiated application, and systematized innovation.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： People never stop exploring their meaning in life throughout one’s lifetime. Meaning in life stems from individuals' understandings of one’s self, the external world, and how one fits within the world. Comprising purpose and significance, meaning in life originates from individuals' daily experiences. It promotes physical health, psychological well-being and life satisfaction, triggers positive coping styles, strengthens interpersonal harmony, enhances study and work performance, helps recovering from trauma and facilitates posttraumatic growth. Six theoretical models regarding the formation of meaning in life are presented in this article, including the meaning-seeking model, the model of meaning-making coping and growth, the integrated model of meaning making, the dual-systems model, the five “A”s of meaning maintenance model and the hierarchic model of meaning. These models mainly include two meaning forms: situational meaning and global meaning, emphasize that the differences between them form the basis for the formation of meaning in life. Accordingly, we propose that it is individuals’ unmet psychological needs arising from such differences that cultivate the meaning formation. Future research on meaning in life should 1) emphasize more on the integration of its multiple facets, 2) further explore its functions, 3) examine whether it is driven by individuals’ psychological needs satisfaction, and 4) explore its neurocognitive mechanisms and implications in cross-cultural settings.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Self‐compassion refers to the ability to express sympathy or compassion to oneself when faced with failures, inadequacies or suffering. Self-compassion has been found to have a profound impact on individuals' physical and psychological health. In view of its mechanisms, self-compassion can exert positive impacts on individuals by reducing one’s maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and promoting adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Additionally, self-compassion can also maintain ones’ homeostasis by regulating the biological markers of the stress response, which in turn, facilitates their adjustment. The major interventions related to self-compassion include Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) program and Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT). More studies are needed to further explore the mechanism of self-compassion, expand its investigation by using various measurement and research methods, and use more rigorous interventional designs to evaluate the effects of self-compassion interventions under the Chinese cultural background.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Loving-kindness and compassion meditation is a type of meditation practice that aims to cultivate the unconditional kindness and compassion for oneself and others. Specifically, interventions related to such meditation practice mainly include Loving-Kindness Meditation (LKM) and Compassion Meditation (CM). A large number of studies have demonstrated that LKM and CM can promote practitioners’ altruistic behaviors. By reviewing its mechanisms, LKM and CM seem to influence practitioners’ altruistic behaviors by enhancing their empathetic responses to others’ distress, promoting emotion regulation, and improving prosocial motivation. Future research would benefit from selecting more ecologically valid measurements of altruistic behaviors, further exploring the dynamic neural processes of how LKM and CM influence on altruistic behaviors, and applying the practice of LKM and CM to clinical populations.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Time is not only the object of human information processing, but also the factors that affect the processing of non-temporal information. The duration between tens of milliseconds and seconds is closely related to human life, for example, subjective timing, performance and speech activities. In this time range, 20~60 ms, 1/3~1 s and 2~3 s are the important time parameters concerned by researchers. It can be seen from the previous literature that whether these parameters really exist is still one of the major disagreements in the academic circle. Firstly, this paper introduces the important time parameters from the two perspectives of temporal information processing and temporal processing of information, Then, the evidence of 1/3~1 s and 2~3 s boundaries from the perspective of “temporal information processing” is reviewed in the fields of behavior, brain injury, pharmacology, EEG, brain imaging, trans cranial magnetic stimulation and trans cranial direct current stimulation, Then, from the perspectives of Montessori synchronization, subjective rhythmic, speech act, reversals of perception, inhibition of return and mismatch negativity, the paper reviews the evidence of 20~60 ms and 2~3 s time windows from the perspective of “temporal processing of information”. On the one hand, future research should build a theoretical hypothesis based on the stronger explanatory power of the demarcation region and time window, on the other hand, it should clarify the relationship and difference between the demarcation region and time window.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Values refer to what people find important in life, which play a guiding role during an individual’s development and always affect the individual’s cognition, emotion and motivation. The understanding and attitude towards happiness were closely related to values which one endorsed. According to the theory of human basic values and the self-centeredness versus selflessness happiness model, a person, who endorses on the self-enhancement values may pay more attention to personal interests and is also led by the hedonic principle, i.e., seeking pleasant and gratifying stimuli and avoiding unpleasant ones, the consequence may be fluctuating happiness in forms of the alternation of transitory pleasure and afflictive effects. In contrast, individuals who endorse values of self-transcendence may be concerned about the well-being of others and they are also guided by the harmony principle, meaning that they are harmoniously interconnected with all the elements of a whole including themselves, others and all living arrangements. Therefore, they are likely to experience durable happiness, which is characterized by a state of enduring contentment and inner peace. Therefore, by shifting the attention from self to others may help individuals experience durable happiness. To our knowledge, however, the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between values of self-transcendence and durable happiness have received little attention. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to review the role of the values of self-transcendence in durable happiness and its mechanisms, to discover the path to find durable happiness. First, the role of the values of self-transcendence in durable happiness was disclosed. On one hand, values of self-transcendence were beneficial to mental health, and individuals may by means of the values experience fewer negative emotions in forms of anxiety, loneliness and depression; on the other hand, values of self-transcendence help an individual to establish and maintain harmonious interpersonal relationships, and thereby make an individual feel more connected and satisfied. Secondly, as far as the mechanism is concerned, the current study summarized the potential mechanisms between the values of self-transcendence and durable happiness from different perspectives such as cognition, emotion and behavior. Exactly, individuals who endorsed the values of self-transcendence may pay less attention to their own interests; therefore, they may reduce their worries about self- deficiencies and react less defensively to self-threatening information. This may release the negative impact of threats in terms of harmful emotional experience and hostile relationships. Then, less defensive responses may cut the distinctions and boundaries between self and others, self and the environment, and individuals may experience more socially engaging emotions such as empathy, compassion and love, which helps to strengthen interpersonal connections and enhances emotional stability. And socially engaging emotions may further stimulate individuals to display more prosocial behaviors, which may increase the sense of meaning in life and social cohesion. Overall, through these three paths, individuals who endorsed the values of self-transcendence may experience durable happiness. Although previous studies have contributed to investigate the mechanisms between values of self-transcendence and durable happiness, there are still some questions that need answers. Thus, the current study puts forward some valuable directions for future studies. Specifically, a variety of methods and means (such as longitudinal research, ERPs, fMRI) should be used to investigate the effect of values of self-transcendence on durable happiness. In addition, other potential mechanisms between the two variables, such as emotion regulation can be studied. Also, education about values of self-transcendence should be carried out to cultivate a healthy social mentality through joint efforts by families, schools and society.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Other Disciplines of Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science submitted time 2023-02-17 Cooperative journals: 《智慧农业（中英文）》
Abstract： Identifying of yak is indispensable for individual documentation, behavior monitoring, precise feeding, disease prevention and control, food traceability, and individualized breeding. Aiming at the application requirements of animal individual identification technology in intelligent informatization animal breeding platforms, a yak face recognition algorithm based on transfer learning and multiscale feature fusion, i.e., transfer learning-multiscale feature fusion-VGG(T-M-VGG) was proposed. The sample data set of yak facial images was produced by a camera named GoPro HERO8 BLACK. Then, a part of dataset was increased by the data enhancement ways that involved rotating, adjusting the brightness and adding noise to improve the robustness and accuracy of model. T-M-VGG, a kind of convolutional neural network based on pre-trained visual geometry group network and transfer learning was input with normalized dataset samples. The feature map of Block3, Block4 and Block5 were considered as F3, F4 and F5, respectively. What's more, F3 and F5 were taken by the structure that composed of three parallel dilated convolutions, the dilation rate were one, two and three, respectively, to dilate the receptive filed which was the map size of feature map. Further, the multiscale feature maps were fused by the improved feature pyramid which was in the shape of stacked hourglass structure. Finally, the fully connected layer was replaced by the global average pooling to classify and reduce a large number of parameters. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, a comparative experiment was conducted. The experimental results showed that recognition accuracy rate in 38,800 data sets of 194 yaks reached 96.01%, but the storage size was 70.75 MB. Twelve images representing different yak categories from dataset were chosen randomly for occlusion test. The origin images were masked with different shape of occlusions. The accuracy of identifying yak individuals was 83.33% in the occlusion test, which showed that the model had mainly learned facial features. The proposed algorithm could provide a reference for research of yak face recognition and would be the foundation for the establishment of smart management platform.
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2022-10-21 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： In the field of astronomical image processing, image subtraction techniques are widely used. Due to the varying seeing conditions, different exposure times, and different filters, the two images cannot do image subtraction directly. A novel image subtraction algorithm is proposed in the paper. Its essence is based on correlation to eliminate the parts with the similar flux distribution and preserve the parts with the different flux distribution between two images in sense of statistics. The algorithm can be fast executive, is numerically stable, and is locally independent. Based on our algorithm, we have developed a set of image subtraction code with Python as the interface and C as the implementation. We use the algorithm, together with three other similar algorithms, to perform with the astronomical images . Experiments show that our algorithm can find the difference between two images and detect moving objects in a very short time while having good robustness and position measurement stability.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2019-08-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：通过内蒙古地区近46 a降水和潜在蒸散量以及湿润度在气温突变前后的倾向率和差值变化分析，得出该区域主要植被类型干湿环境演变的时空变化特征。研究结果表明：降水在气温突变前“东增西减”，突变后呈相反的变化趋势。46 a降水倾向率增加区域主要集中在呼伦贝尔市东部和乌兰察布市以西大部地区；潜在蒸散量在气温突变前呈减少趋势，突变后有增加趋势，突变后潜在蒸散量明显小于突变前。内蒙古46 a潜在蒸散量倾向率大部地区偏小，偏大区域仅存在于中东部偏北地区，气温突变后全区大部地区存在明显的“蒸发悖论”；大兴安岭西麓和乌兰察布市以西地区突变后湿润度增加明显，暖湿的气候环境有利于当地植被建设和生态恢复，内蒙古东南部、呼伦贝尔草原和锡林郭勒盟草原区有暖干化趋势，上述草原区存在潜在退化风险。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-05-09 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract：针对公租房市场中租赁客户身份复杂、变动频繁，难以安全有效管理、阻止租户转租难题，设计了一个基于NB-IoT（Narrow Band Internet of Things）的安全智能锁系统。它利用位置证明和时间戳加密机制，实现了对房屋安全门锁权限统一管理，并可防止远程开锁、重放攻击及中间人攻击。理论分析和测试结果表明，所提方案能够在安全高效管理公租房屋、阻止用户的转租的同时，具备较低的计算和通信开销。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-04-17 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Aiming at the issue of symmetric flips in the process of 3D shape registration, this paper developed an efficient shape registration algorithm based on intrinsic symmetric feature detection. Firstly, it constructed intrinsic symmetric point pairs of the model by heat kernel signature (HKS) and geometric constraints. Secondly, based on the spectral embedding space analysis, it extracted the intrinsic symmetric plane of the model and effectively identified the symmetrical properties of the model according to the model surface normal vector, getting intrinsic symmetry point pair. Therefore it presented the consistent spectral symmetry structure of the model. Finally, combining the coherent point drift method, it implemented the shape registration of non-rigid model based on spectral symmetry. The experimental results show that the matching method is efficient and robust to the non-rigid deformable shape matching. Moreover, the structural features in same category models also are effectively identified.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《数据分析与知识发现》
Abstract： [Objective] This study aims to improve library services with the help of WeChat platform which helps readers retrieve data quickly and increase users’ loyalty to mobile library services. [Context] Most libraries’ WeChat platforms did not provide automatic or real-time services, which was also limited to human involved interventions. [Methods] The WeChat service platform was built with Apache Tomcat + JSP + MySQL architecture, WeChat API and library business systems API. [Results] The new system’s features include reader authentication, reservation of mobile devices, millennium data exchange and self-service FAQ.[Conclusions] The new WeChat library service platform could be further improved, which could provide some practical suggestion to other libraries.
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2017-07-24 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：骆驼体内存在天然缺失轻链的重链抗体（HcAb），其单域抗原结合片段也称为VHH或纳米抗体（nanobody，Nb），是目前已知的最小抗原结合片段。与传统抗体相比，纳米抗体具有分子量小（12-15KDa）、稳定性好和免疫原性低等特点，这些特点使得VHH在基础研究、诊断及治疗上具有极大的应用价值，目前已有多种纳米抗体进入了临床研究阶段。本文综述了近年来VHH在革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌）、革兰氏阳性菌（芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌）、酵母、丝状真菌、昆虫细胞、哺乳动物细胞和植物细胞中异源表达的研究现状，包括表达系统、宿主、载体特点、载体构建方式及产量等；从分子水平、表达水平和理性设计三个层面探讨了纳米抗体产量提高的策略，希望为纳米抗体同行研究者提供一些借鉴和思路。
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