Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Reading and theory of mind (ToM) both play important roles in the development of children. A large number of previous studies reveal that reading and ToM may have two-way promotion effects. On the one hand, shared reading with parents or teachers enables children to initiate joint attention. In this process, children and storytellers use a lot of terms of mental state to communicate with each other, and they can also construct an alternative social situation through social imagination and perspective-taking ability. In daily life, children will also understand stories by guessing and inferring the thoughts, intentions, desires and emotions of the characters through simulating real social activity, which promotes the development of children’s ToM. On the other hand, numerous studies have shown that ToM can also promote the development of children's reading ability in a lot of aspects. For example, in the process of reading, ToM can help children to improve their abilities to establish a macro view of reading, use metacognitive reading strategies, construct story situation models, and even promote their micro ability to understand specific phrases, sentences, discourses and multi-text materials. What's more, ToM may increase the reader's ability to express and monitor the characters' thoughts and emotions during the reading process. When readers can understand and express the mental states and emotions of the characters in the story, it indicates that they may have made some inferences and judgments about the mental states which are unclearly stated in the story. In this case, readers can understand the story more easily and are more likely to find the fun of reading, which may trigger more reading behaviors, thus leading to more frequent use of ToM and promote its development. Both reading and ToM show a good trend of mutual promotion and common development. In addition to behavioral research, further neurophysiological evidence shows that there is some overlap between the neural activity of reading and ToM. In the reading process, the default network shows strong activation. As the main support network for social cognition, default network also plays an important role in the development of ToM. In addition, the mirror nervous system contributes to the interaction between reading and ToM as well. The mirror nervous system enables individuals to understand or experience the actions, thoughts, intentions, and feelings of others. In addition, reading literary works, especially literary novels, can improve the individual's ToM by enhancing the mirror nervous system. Both behavioral and brain mechanism studies support that there may be a potential two-way promoting relationship between reading and ToM. In the future, it is necessary to pay more attention to the potential relationship between ToM and reading. Further in-depth and long-term longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to provide abundant empirical evidence for the relationship between reading and ToM. In addition, more attention should be paid to the development of ToM in school education and its positive influence on children's self-protection and compliance with moral norms. In line with the development of science and technology, it is also necessary to pay more attention to the influence of multimedia reading on children's ToM. Besides, in daily home reading or school teaching, parents and teachers should make efforts to increase intervention training to improve children's ToM and reading comprehension ability. For example, feedback training in reading is beneficial to promote children's perspective-taking and ToM, which includes emboldening children to talk deeply about their mental states and desires, asking children more questions, and encouraging children to play pretend games. All of these interventions may, to varying degrees, promote children to think about different views and mental states in various ways during reading process.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2022-03-08
Abstract：
Interpersonal synchrony has been treated as critical element to build up social communication system. Systematic study of
neuroscience literature showed interpersonal synchrony decreased or disrupted at different levels for children who have been identified
autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including behavior level, intelligence level and emotional level. Furthermore, magnetoencephalography
neuroimaging evidences show that the reduction or interruption of brain synchronous coordination response between ASD children and
peers. It is difficult to realize the sharing of implicit mental state and the synchronization of explicit interactive behavior. Future studies
related to propose modelling of interpersonal synchrony for ASD individual from three aspects, including cognitive solidification,
behavioral disharmony and emotional expression imbalance, and explore whether the atypical interpersonal synchronization of ASD
children is the product of impaired social function or the potential mechanism of impaired social function.
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Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： It has been clarified that GeBP transcription factor regulates the growth and development of plant epidermal hair and participates in the control of plant leaf development. The bioinformatics methods were used to identify the GeBP gene family in the whole soybean genome, and from physicochemical properties of amino acids, as well as gene structure, physical distribution of chromosomes, phylogenetic tree, and multiple sequence comparison, the functional domain, tissues expression and other basic characteristics of GmGeBP gene family were analyzed. A total of nine members of GmGeBP transcription factor family were identified, of which only two genes contained introns and all had only one intron, indicating that the gene structure of the family members was relatively simple but stable. The molecular weight of GmGeBPs is 39.65-49.24 kD, and the theoretical isoelectric point is 4.65-9.08; these members are basically acidic amino acids, which are hydrophilic and unstable proteins.The chromosome physical distribution showed that 9 genes were unevenly distributed on 7 chromosomes, 2 GeBP genes on chromosome 10 and 20，respectively, and 1 gene on chromosome 3, 5, 13, 15 and 19 respectively. The phylogenetic analysis showed that GeBP members of soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana were closely related, clustered into four branches respectively, but far away from Oryza sativa. The analysis of domains showed that all the nine GmGeBP members contained DUF573 domain, which was probably the domain interacting with cis-acting elements of target genes in GeBP transcription factors. By analyzing the expression of GmGeBP transcription factor family, we found that the expression of different genes in different tissues is different, with a certain specificity. The analysis and identification of GmGeBP transcription factor gene family provided a theoretical basis for further studying the molecular role of soybean epidermal development.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Plant DUR3 homologous protein is a high affinity urea transporter which belongs to the family of sodium/solute symporter family, and plays an important role in the active absorption of exogenous urea and redistribution of endogenous urea by plants. The purpose of this study was to clarify the existence, structure and evolution situation of cotton DUR3 gene. Based on bioinformatics methods, DUR3 genes were identified from Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium raimondii genomic sequences, and then the gene structure, transmembrane domain, motif location, Three DUR3 genes were identified from the A and D subgroup chromosomes of upland cotton and Gossypium raimondii genomic sequences. These 3 cotton DUR3 homologous proteins, like other plant DUR3 homologous proteins, have 15 transmembrane domains and 3 highly conserved motifs with consistent positions. The gene structure analysis showed that the number of exons of DUR3 genes in dicotyledons was significantly higher than that in monocotyledons, and so were the cotton DUR3 genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the different species DUR3 proteins were classified according to species kinship, and cotton clustered in one branch with dicotyledons. The Ka/Ks values of orthologous and paralogous genes of DUR3 were generally more than 1, indicated that those genes mainly experienced positive selection among evolution. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for further research on cotton DUR3 homologous protein.
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