Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-12-05 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Overweight，obesity，and central obesity have become significant public health issues globally，affecting the well-being of residents. Analyzing the prevalence trends of overweight，obesity，and central obesity among residents in Shanxi Province can provide valuable scientific insights for the prevention and control of related diseases. Objective To analyze the prevalence and trends of overweight，obesity，and central obesity among adults aged 20 and above in Shanxi Province between 2010 and 2018. Methods The survey data of adults aged 20 and above in Shanxi Province were collected during four rounds of the China Chronic Disease Surveillance project from August 2010 to November 2018 （in 2010， 2013，2015，and 2018） to calculate the rates of overweight，obesity，and central obesity among adults aged 20 and above in different years，and analyze the prevalence trends of overweight，obesity and central obesity for different characteristics of the study subjects. Results From 2010 to 2018，the overall crude rates and age- and gender-standardized rates of overweight among adults aged 20 and above in Shanxi Province ranged from 37.7% to 40.1% and 36.1% to 39.6%，respectively，with no significant upward trend（Z=0.005，2.413；P=0.942，0.120）. The overall standardized obesity rate，overall crude rate of central obesity and the standardized rate central of obesity increased from 17.2%，53.8%，and 52.4% in 2010 to 20.0%，61.6%，and 60.2% in 2018，respectively（Z=8.100，10.994，12.218；P<0.05）. From 2010 to 2018，there was no significant upward or downward trends in the comparison of the overall crude overweight rate and the standardized overweight rate among adults aged 20 years and above by age，gender and region （P>0.05）；the standardized overweight rate for males was higher than that for females（χ2 =4.259，P<0.05），while the standardized obesity rate was lower than that for females（χ2 =13.724，P<0.001） in 2013；no statistically significant differences between genders were observed at other time points （P>0.05）；the overall obesity rate，male obesity rate，and both male and female central obesity rates in the age group of 20-39 years old showed an upward trend during the 8-year period （P<0.05）. From 2010 to 2018，the standardized rates of overweight，obesity，and central obesity among urban residents were overall higher than those among rural residents（P<0.05）. Specifically，significant differences were observed in the standardized overweight rates in 2013 and 2015，the standardized obesity rates in 2010 and 2015，and the standardized central obesity rates in 2015 and 2018（P<0.05）. The results of the Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that，from 2010 to 2018，the age-standardized overweight rate among females in Shanxi Province exhibited a decreasing trend （APC=-0.57，P<0.05），while the age-standardized obesity rate among males showed an increasing trend（APC=2.72， P<0.05）. The standardized rates of overweight，obesity，and central obesity among urban and rural residents remained relatively stable over the 8-year period（P>0.05）. There was also no significant difference in the trends of these rates between different genders and regions （P>0.05）. Conclusion From 2010 to 2018，the overweight rate among residents aged 20 and above in Shanxi Province remained stable，while the overall trends for obesity and central obesity rates showed an increasing trend. The prevention and control of obesity and central obesity should focus on the population aged 20-39 years to slow down the growth rate. For residents aged 40 and above ，as well as urban residents，targeted prevention strategies should be implemented，so as to control the prevalence of overweight，obesity，and central obesity.
Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2023-09-27
Abstract： Reading is important for children’s future academic success. Clarifying the mechanisms underlying reading ability has been a heated issue in reading research for decades. Most previous studies have focused solely on reading comprehension but scarcely paid attention to the mechanisms underlying reading fluency throughout elementary school. Reading fluency at the text level has been acknowledged as one of the indicators of children’s overall reading competence. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the shareability and specificity of the mechanisms underlying Chinese children’s reading comprehension and reading fluency across different developmental stages.
We recruited a total of 416 Chinese children in grades 2, 4 and 6 (lower, middle and upper stages) of elementary school and were then followed up for half a year. In the fall semester (Time 1), a series of tasks, including general cognitive ability; working memory; phonological, orthographic and morphological awareness; rapid automatized naming (RAN); word recognition accuracy; word recognition fluency and vocabulary knowledge, were administered. In the second or spring semester (Time 2), reading comprehension and reading fluency were administered. Three mediation models were fitted to the data with T1 morphological awareness and RAN as predictors, T1 word recognition accuracy, word recognition fluency, and vocabulary knowledge as mediators and T2 reading comprehension and reading fluency as outcomes. The remaining variables were controlled in all the three models.
Results indicated that morphological awareness and RAN significantly predicted reading comprehension and reading fluency at T2 via word recognition accuracy among children in the lower stage after controlling for the effects of T1 general cognitive ability, T1 working memory and T1 phonological and orthographic awareness. The mediating effect of T1 word recognition fluency in the contribution of T1 RAN to T2 reading fluency was also significant. However, in the middle and upper stages, the indirect effects of T1 morphological awareness and T1 RAN on T2 reading comprehension were not significant; for T2 reading fluency, the mediating role of T1 word recognition accuracy in the effect of T1 morphological awareness was significant in both stages, but the mediated role of T1 word recognition fluency was only significant in the middle stage. Moreover, T1 RAN contributed to it via T1 word recognition accuracy and fluency.
These findings attest to both the shareability and specificity in the mechanisms underlying reading comprehension and reading fluency across different developmental stages. These findings suggest that reading fluency should be incorporated as a legitimate index of children’s reading ability. They further imply that the developmental stages require consideration when exploring the mechanisms underlying the effects of morphological awareness and RAN on reading abilities (comprehension and fluency). This study provides empirical evidence for understanding the science of reading development among Chinese children and has important implications for future reading research and educational intervention.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The auditory channel is disabled for people who are deaf and hard of hearing, so they have to rely heavily on visual language — lip-reading and sign language — to develop their reading ability. Lip-reading can help deaf and hard-of-hearing people to form phonological representation, develop vocabulary knowledge, and promote word reading and reading comprehension. Oral and written language processing activates sign language, which affects all levels of reading ability for people who are deaf and hard of hearing. Future research should explore the role of reading skills such as phonological awareness and vocabulary knowledge in the effect of visual language on reading ability, and develop a theoretical model that explains the mechanisms underlying reading acquisition by visual language for Chinese people who are deaf and hard of hearing.
Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2020-01-10
Abstract： The auditory channel is disabled for people who are deaf and hard of hearing, so they have to rely heavily on visual language — lip-reading and sign language — to develop their reading ability. Lip-reading can help deaf and hard-of-hearing people to form phonological representation, develop vocabulary knowledge, and promote word reading and reading comprehension. Oral and written language processing activates sign language, which affects all levels of reading ability for people who are deaf and hard of hearing. Future research should explore the role of reading skills such as phonological awareness and vocabulary knowledge in the effect of visual language on reading ability, and develop a theoretical model that explains the mechanisms underlying reading acquisition by visual language for Chinese people who are deaf and hard of hearing.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-05-13
Abstract： " Vocabulary knowledge is one of the most important predictors of reading comprehension. According to the DVC (decoding, vocabulary, comprehension) reading skill triangle model (Perfetti, 2010), reading comprehension is dependent on knowing the meanings of words being read. At the same time, readers can infer the meanings of unfamiliar words encountered in reading. Therefore, a reciprocal relationship may exist between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension, which is not documented in previous research. The aim of the present study is to examine the relation between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension in different grades of elementary school. A total of 399 students from first, third and fifth grades were tested on vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension tasks at two time points over one year, along with phonological awareness, morphological awareness and nonverbal reasoning at Time 1 (the fall semester in grade 1, 3 and 5) as control variables. A cross-lagged model was used to investigate the relation between vocabulary and reading comprehension in each grade span. The results showed that, after controlling for phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and nonverbal reasoning, the relation between vocabulary and comprehension varied in different developmental stages. Vocabulary knowledge did not significantly predict later reading comprehension in primary grades (grade 1 to grade 2). Bidirectional predictive relation was found between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension in middle grades (grade 3 to grade 4). Vocabulary knowledge in grade 5 did not predict later reading comprehension in grade 6, while reading comprehension in grade 5 significantly predicted later vocabulary knowledge in grade 6. The results support reading stage theory (Chall, 1983) and supplement the DVC reading skill triangle model (Perfetti, 2010). The relation between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension among Chinese elementary children changes over time. The primary grades are in the stage of “learning to read”, children’s vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension are mainly affected by the basic cognitive and linguistic skills. The reciprocal relationship between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension is evident in middle grades. The enrichment of vocabulary knowledge enables children to read skilled, and the comprehension of texts can also help children learn new words from texts. Reading comprehension plays an increasingly important role in vocabulary development from middle to upper elementary grades. These findings have implications for reading instruction in Chinese at different developmental stages.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2018-09-03 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为评估多种土壤调理剂（羧甲基纤维素钠、磷石膏和生物炭）对风沙土理化性质及植物生长的影响，以不同比例混合的改良剂和风沙土进行棉花盆栽实验，测定分析土壤理化性质及植物生长状况的变化，并运用主成分分析（PCA）和加权求和相结合的方法，构建改良效果评价体系，从而筛选得到最佳调理剂及其配比。结果表明：与对照相比，风沙土容重和pH减小，孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾增大，全钾含量变化不大；同时棉花株高、基茎和生物量均大幅增加。由综合评价方程计算得出，高灌水量下改良处理综合得分明显高于低灌水量下，高灌水量下生物炭处理综合得分最高，其次为磷石膏处理，羧甲基纤维素钠处理得分最低，综合得分排序为：CG3> CG2> CG1> BG3> BG2> AG3> BG1> AG2> AG1，其中施加生物炭45 g kg-1处理的改良效果最好，得分为4.69。
Subjects: Management Science >> Enterprise Management submitted time 2018-01-11 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract：[目的/意义]《汽车工业中长期发展规划》的出台后，我国汽车行业面对新的发展机遇，同时，行业内部也产生了新的发展挑战，传统行业面临洗牌和产业的重新定位。本文试对行业的薄弱点和将来的发展方向做探讨。 [方法/过程]通过对汽车生产工业、整装品牌、行业规范、绿色发展的等薄弱环节的探讨和分析，对将来的汽车行业品牌化和自主化进行了可行性分析。 [结果/结论]在政府政策、产业聚集、服务业发展等方向展开了论证，并结合笔者观点提出了建议。
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